Effect of casting process on the inner-wall band segregation of high-strength antisulfur pipes

Controlling inner-wall band segregation is one of the difficulties in the production of high-strength antisulfur pipes.Comparative tests were carried out on different casting processes(superheat,mold electromagnetic stirring,end electromagnetic stirring,casting speed and soft reduction)for the smelting of high-strength antisulfur pipes.The microstructures of continuous-casting billets and hot-rolled or tempered pipes were analyzed using a metallographic microscope and scanning electron microscope.The mechanism and evolution law regarding the inner-wall band segregation of high-strength antisulfur pipes were studied,and the influence of different casting processes was explored.

Strength differential effect and influence of strength criterion on burst pressure of thin-walled pipelines

In the framework of the finite deformation theory, the plastic collapse analysis of thin-walled pipes subjected to the internal pressure is conducted on the basis of the unified strength criterion （USC）. An analytical solution of the burst pressure for pipes with capped ends is derived, which includes the strength differential effect and takes the influence of strength criterion on the burst pressure into account. In addition, a USC- based analytical solution of the burst pressure for end-opened pipes under the internal pressure is obtained. By discussion, it is found that for the end-capped pipes, the influence of different yield criteria and the strength differential effect on the burst pressure are significant, while for the end-opened pipes, the burst pressure is independent of the specific form of the strength criterion and strength difference in tension and compression.

Microstructures and Properties of 550 MPa Grade High Strength Thin-walled H-beam Steel

The microstructures and mechanical properties of 550 MPa grade lightweight high strength thin-walled H-beam steel were experimentally studied. The experimental results show that the microstructure of the air-cooled H-beam steel sample is consisted of ferrite, pearlite and a small amount of granular bainites as well as fine and dispersive V（C,N） precipitates. The microstructure of the water-cooled steel sample is consisted of ferrite and bainite as well as a small amount of fine pearlites. The microstructure of the water-cooled sample is finer than that of the air-cooled sample with the average intercept size of the surface grains reaching to 3.5 gna. The finish rolling temperature of the thin-walled high strength H-beam steel is in the range of 750 ~C-850 ~C. The lower the finish rolling temperature and the faster the cooling rate, the finer the ferrite grains, the volume fraction of bainite is increased through water cooling process. Grain refinement strengthening and precipitation strengthening are used as major strengthening means to develop 550 MPa grade lightweight high strength thin- walled H-beam steel. Vanadium partially soluted in the matrix and contributes to the solution strengthening. The 550 MPa grade high-strength thin-walled H-beam steel could be developed by direct air cooling after hot rolling to fully meet the requirements of the target properties.

Effect of microstructure on the low temperature toughness of high strength pipeline steels

Microstructure observations and drop-weight tear test were performed to study the microstructures and mechanical properties of two kinds of industrial X70 and two kinds of industrial X80 grade pipeline steels. The effective grain size and the fraction of high angle grain boundaries in the pipeline steels were investigated by electron backscatter diffraction analysis. It is found that the low temperature toughness of the pipeline steels depends not only on the effective grain size, but also on other microstructural factors such as martensite-austenite （MA） constituents and precipitates. The morphology and size of MA constituents significantly affect the mechanical properties of the pipeline steels. Nubby MA constituents with large size have significant negative effects on the toughness, while smaller granular MA constituents have less harmful effects. Similarly, larger Ti-rich nitrides with sharp corners have a strongly negative effect on the toughness, while fine, spherical Nb-rich carbides have a less deleterious effect. The low temperature toughness of the steels is independent of the fraction of high angle grain boundaries.

Stress Corrosion Cracking of High-strength Drill Pipe in Sour Gas Well

In high sour gas reservoir drilling process, it happens occasionally that high-strength drill pipe suffers brittle fracture failure due to stress corrosion cracking, and poses serious hazard to drilling safety. To solve this problem, this paper studied the stress corrosion cracking mechanism and infl uencing factors of highstrength drill pipe in sour environment with hydrogen permeation experiments and tensile tests. We simulated practical conditions in laboratory and evaluated the stress corrosion cracking performance of the high-strength drill pipe under conditions of high stress level. For the problems occurring in use of high-strength drill pipe on site, the paper proposed a technical measure for slower stress corrosion cracking.

Torsional Behavior Design of UHPC Box Beams Based on Thin-Walled Tube Theory

This study proposed a prediction formula for the torsional strength enabling to reflect the tensile strength of ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) beams based upon the thin-walled tube theory. The remarkable ductile behavior of UHPC can also be attributed to the steel fiber reinforcement. This feature must be considered to provide rational explanation of the torsional behavior of UHPC structures. In this study, the proposed torsional design adopts a modified thin-walled tube theory so as to consider the tensile behavior of UHPC. And torsion test was conducted on thin-walled UHPC box beams to validate the proposed formula through comparison of the predicted torsional strength with the experimental results. The comparison of the predicted values of the cracking torque and torsional moment resistance with those observed in the torsional test of UHPC verified the validity of the design method. The contribution of the steel fibers to the torsional strength and cracking load was larger than that of the stirrups, but the stirrups appeared to contribute additionally to the torsional ductility. Accordingly, it is recommended that design should exploit effectively the contribution of the steel fiber rather than arrange a larger number of stirrups in UHPC structures subjected to torsion.

高强钢管超高性能混凝土短柱轴压承载力性能试验研究

为研究高强钢管内填超高性能混凝土(UHPC)的钢管混凝土短柱轴压性能,该文设计22根高强钢管UHPC短柱进行轴压试验,从破坏模式、荷载-纵向应变关系对试件的轴压性能进行对比分析,旨在通过径厚比、混凝土强度、截面类型等变化来探究高强钢管UHPC短柱的实际承载力性能差异.试验结果表明:高强钢管UHPC短柱的轴压性能受径厚比、混凝土强度影响较大;试件承载力随钢管壁厚增加而增加,但相同钢管直径和不同钢管直径增幅呈现不同规律.该文从延性、核心混凝土强度提高程度两个角度进行分析并提出高强钢管混凝土试件的相关参数设计建议.最后,将高强钢管UHPC短柱的轴压试验承载力结果与国内外规范GB 50936—2014、AIJ计算承载力结果进行对比,并基于极限平衡理论推导出高强圆钢管UHPC试件的轴压承载力计算公式,同时结合该文试验数据对其进行验证,证明了公式的准确性.

轴力对预应力高强混凝土管桩抗震性能的影响

目的研究轴力和往复荷载作用下预应力高强混凝土管桩的抗震性能,为预应力高强混凝土管桩的设计和实际工程应用提供参考依据。方法应用ABAQUS有限元软件对预应力高强混凝土管桩进行有限元模拟,并与已有试验结果对比,两者吻合良好,验证了模型的准确性。在此基础上,研究轴压比和有无普通钢筋及普通钢筋直径对预应力高强混凝土管桩滞回曲线、骨架曲线、刚度退化、延性及耗能能力的影响。结果配置普通钢筋可以提高预应力高强混凝土管桩的承载能力和延性,对刚度影响不大;随着轴压比的增加,预应力高强混凝土管桩的承载能力逐渐提高,但延性变差,轴压比为0.45时,预应力高强混凝土管桩发生脆性破坏。结论配置普通钢筋可以有效改善预应力高强混凝土管桩的抗震性能,预应力高强混凝土管桩的轴压比不宜超过0.3。

高强高保坍钢管拱机制砂自密实混凝土配制技术

根据重庆某钢管拱桥结构特征与“泵送顶升压注法”施工工艺特点,提出了高强高保坍钢管拱机制砂自密实混凝土性能需求。针对高强与超高工作性的矛盾问题,通过配合比参数优化、骨料优化、矿物掺合料复掺优化、外加剂复配优化和配合比综合优化等技术,配制出初始坍落度≥260 mm、扩展度≥600 mm、倒坍落度筒流出时间≤8 s、4 h工作性基本无损失、强度等级达C60以上的钢管拱机制砂自密实混凝土,形成了高强高保坍钢管拱机制砂自密实混凝土的配制技术,为工程实际施工提供了良好的技术支撑。

浇注工艺对高强度抗硫管内壁带状组织的影响研究

内壁带状组织的控制是高强度抗硫管的生产难点之一。在高强度抗硫管电炉冶炼过程中,开展不同浇注工艺(钢水过热度、结晶器电磁搅拌、末端电磁搅拌和连铸拉速等)的对比试验,通过金相显微镜、扫描电镜等分别对连铸坯、热轧态管和调质态管进行微观组织分析,研究了高强度抗硫管内壁带状组织的形成机理及演变规律,探索了不同浇注工艺对高强度抗硫管内壁带状组织的影响。

宝钢高强度气瓶管的开发与组织性能研究

开发抗拉强度1100 MPa及以上的高强度高韧性无缝气瓶管是实现气瓶轻量化的重要基础。在传统34CrMo4气瓶钢的基础上,通过采用增Mo、加Ni辅助微合金化控制以及控制夹杂物等级和N含量等技术手段,成功开发了抗拉强度≥1100 MPa,延伸率≥14%,-50℃低温横向冲击韧性≥60 J/cm^(2)的高强度高韧性气瓶管,并在国内首次实现批量商业化应用。热处理试验结果表明,随着回火温度的升高,高强度气瓶钢的强度逐渐降低,塑性和低温韧性逐渐改善,这主要与组织中板条粗化和析出相发生粗化、聚集等的变化有关。为获得良好的强韧性匹配,推荐淬火温度为860℃,回火温度为520~560℃。

石油钻杆的发展趋势分析

随着钻井工况的复杂化、钻井深度加深以及其他特殊钻井的需求,钻杆定制化生产的要求越来越多,如抗硫钻杆、超高强度钢级钻杆、特殊螺纹钻杆等高端石油钻杆。目前,国内石油钻杆生产厂家都以生产API标准的石油钻杆为主,同质化竞争严重,针对深井、深海井、高腐蚀性井等领域发展所需的抗硫钻杆、超高强度钢级钻杆、特殊螺纹钻杆等高端石油钻杆产品目前涉足厂家较少,在特殊用途钻杆市场内还未形成竞争力。石油钻杆未来发展趋势一定是以满足特殊用途的定制化钻杆为前提的高端石油钻杆。本文立足于国内市场现状,放眼石油钻杆发展趋势,为今后我国钻杆的发展方向提出建议。

预应力空心方桩与预应力管桩力学性能比较和经济性分析

对预应力高强混凝土空心方桩(PHS)与预应力高强混凝土管桩(PHC)两种桩型的桩身物理性能和力学性能进行比较分析,并结合工程案例,进一步对两种桩型的单桩竖向承载力、桩基础工程量及造价进行了力学性能及经济性比较,最后对两种桩型的堆放方式进行了简单介绍。

下穿地下构筑物群桩富水砂层盾构通道MJS预加固施工技术研究及应用

下穿地下构筑物群桩富水砂层盾构通道MJS预加固施工技术包括技术原理、实施思路和具体施工步骤,其由密布群桩富水砂层水平引孔、富水砂层水平引孔砂土流失控制、常规水平MJS注浆加固3个环节组成。技术采用引孔机钻杆+外套管进行水平引孔,实现立柱桩和高强度管桩的穿越,以及富水砂层中的长距离成孔,引孔过程中通过双液注浆对注浆线路进行一次加固,同时利用洞口安装的法兰盘+止回阀来进行砂土流失控制,减少引孔对地下构筑物和周边环境的影响,引孔完成后,进行常规MJS注浆加固,达到预加固目标,并形成具体的下穿地下构筑物群桩富水砂层盾构通道MJS预加固施工步骤指导施工,大幅减少对地下构筑物和周边环境的影响,减少泥浆浪费,提高施工效率,经济社会效益较好,具有较好的推广应用价值。

非挤土嵌岩预应力高强度混凝土管桩的桩端承载性能研究

施工装备和工艺的不断创新使得非挤土嵌岩预应力高强度混凝土(prestressed high-strength concrete,简称PHC)管桩逐渐得到推广和应用。为揭示嵌入中微风化岩PHC管桩的桩端承载机制,以随钻跟管工法桩为背景,基于泥质粉砂岩地区5组桩径为500 mm的PHC管桩桩端现场静载破坏性试验,分析了不同条件下嵌岩PHC管桩的桩端承载性能及宏观破坏模式,并提出桩端承载力计算方法。试验表明:对于采用敞口桩靴的PHC管桩,未封底时,敞口桩靴削弱了PHC管桩桩端承载性能,呈现刺入岩基的破坏,极限荷载下桩端沉降为11~15 mm;混凝土封底后,显著提高了桩端承载性能,极限承载力较非封底时提升340%,封底混凝土和桩靴的桩端阻力分担比分别为78%和22%,桩端呈整体剪切破坏。基于Hoek-Brown强度准则,提出了嵌岩PHC管桩桩端承力简化计算方法,计算精度得到了试验验证,可供非挤土嵌岩PHC管桩的设计与施工参考。

南海流花11-1油田二次开发工程方案及关键技术

流花11-1油田区域水深约300~330 m,油田于1996年投产,采用水下设施+半潜式平台+FPSO方式开发,但由于设施老化,面临进入退役状态。考虑该油田还有较大的开发潜力,以经济有效开发为目标,对流花11-1油田二次开发方案开展了详细研究,确定了深水导管架平台+圆筒型FPSO的开发模式;针对南海最深水导管架(“海基二号”)、首次应用的圆筒型FPSO(“海葵一号”)设计建造面临的问题展开了系统研究,形成了深水导管架平台设计、420 MPa级高强钢应用与平台建造安装以及圆筒型FPSO的主尺度确定、舱室设计、系泊方案、外输方案等多项关键技术;为进一步降低投资,对流花4-1油田回接管缆利旧可行性及方案进行了研究。新技术应用推动了流花11-1油田的二次开发,对南海深水油田开发,尤其是边际油田开发具有较强借鉴意义。

火电厂主厂房及冷却塔软土地基处理方案比较

软土地基具有强度低、压缩量高、变形大和土层不稳定等特点。国内关于火电厂软土地基处理的标准较缺乏,且修建于软土地基上的火电厂工程实例也较少。以我国某大型火电厂软土地基处理作为工程实例,采用PLAXIS 3D岩土工程有限元分析软件,结合传统计算方法,对主厂房开展天然基础、桩基础方案开展计算和比较研究,对冷却塔环基开展水泥粉煤灰碎石桩复合地基、高强预应力混凝土管桩基础、机械成孔灌注桩基础和级配碎石换填地基等方案开展比较分析。分析表明,在保证电厂投产后安全运行的前提下,推荐选择和实施经济性最优的地基处理方案,以节省施工工期,降低地基处理工程投资。

冷轧CP980辊压梯形管焊缝开裂原因分析与工艺优化

针对冷轧高强复相钢CP980在辊压钢管的焊缝开裂问题,通过分析组织、显微硬度和受力情况以及焊缝处组织及硬度,结果表明:冷轧CP980辊压梯形管焊缝开裂的主要原因为焊接速度、焊接电流参数选择不当,焊缝的淬硬组织在焊接内应力的作用下产生微裂纹,而焊缝受力不均加剧了裂纹的进一步扩展;通过降低焊接速度,提高焊接电流,改善焊缝的质量,同时减小梯形钢管成形过程中的约束力,梯形钢管的焊缝开裂问题得到有效解决。

高强螺栓连接系统管廊架设计

通过设计实例,介绍了某油气站场系统管廊架的结构设计过程,着重讲述了系统管廊架高强度螺栓连接的结构布置、节点设计、强度计算等方面的主要设计经验和建议,总结了高强度螺栓连接的优缺点和设计注意事项,为同类工程的设计提供了详实的参考依据。

高强预应力管桩在悬臂式挡土墙工程中的计算分析

以某悬臂式挡土墙工程为例,结合现场工程地质条件,采用了高强预应力管桩作为悬臂式挡土墙基础,形成了桩基托梁挡土墙这一种新型支挡结构,通过验算挡墙承载力、桩基水平承载力、桩基竖向承载力及挡土墙稳定性,得出桩基托梁挡土墙的承载力主要由其水平承载力控制,设计要验算其竖向承载力及水平承载力是否同时满足要求,应当将挡土墙和桩基托梁作为一个整体进行稳定性验算。本文通过对桩基托梁挡土墙的分析计算,为类似挡土墙工程项目提供了借鉴和参考。