Mechanical properties and energy absorption properties of aluminum foam-filled square tubes

Longitudinal and transverse mechanical properties and energy absorption properties of foam-filled square tubes under quasi-static loading conditions were studied.The foam-filled thin-walled square tube was fabricated with aluminum tube as its shell and closed-cell Al-Mg alloy foam as its core.The results indicated that the plateau region of the load-displacement curve exhibited a marked fluctuant serration which was clearly related to the formation of folds.The longitudinal deforming mode of foam-filled square tube was the same as that of the empty tube,but the fold number of foam-filled square tube was more than that of the empty tube.The longitudinal compression load and energy absorption value of foam-filled square tube were higher than the sum of that of aluminum foam (alone) and empty tube (alone) due to the interaction between tube and filler.In transverse direction,the compression load and energy absorption ability of foam-filled square tubes were significantly lower than those in longitudinal direction.

Significance-based optimization of processing parameters for thin-walled aluminum alloy tube NC bending with small bending radius

Thin-walled aluminum alloy tube numerical control （NC） bending with small bending radius is a complex process with multi-factor coupling effects and multi-die constraints. A significance-based optimization method of the parameters was proposed based on the finite element （FE） simulation, and the significance analysis of the processing parameters on the forming quality in terms of the maximum wall thinning ratio and the maximum cross section distortion degree was implemented using the fractional factorial design. The optimum value of the significant parameter, the clearance between the tube and the wiper die, was obtained, and the values of the other parameters, including the friction coefficients and the clearances between the tube and the dies, the mandrel extension length and the boost velocity were estimated. The results are applied to aluminum alloy tube NC bending d50 mm×1 mm×75 mm and d70 mm×1.5 mm×105 mm （initial tube outside diameter D0 × initial tube wall thickness t0 × bending radius R）, and qualified tubes are produced.

Cross-sectional distortion behaviors of thin-walled rectangular tube in rotary-draw bending process

The cross-sectional distortion usually appears during rotary-draw bending process of thin-walled rectangular tube with small bending radius.To study the cross-sectional distortion of the tube,a three-dimensional finite-element model of the process was developed based on ABAQUS/Explicit code and its reliability was validated by experiment.Then,the cross-sectional distortion behaviors of the tube were investigated.The results show that a zone of larger circumferential stress appears on the tube when bending angle reaches 30°.And in the larger circumferential stress zone,the sagging phenomenon is produced obviously.The maximum cross-sectional distortion is located in the larger circumferential stress zone and the angle between the plane of maximum cross-sectional distortion and the bending reference plane is about 50°.The position of the maximum cross-sectional distortion keeps almost unchanged with the variation of the clearances between dies and tube.

Experimental and numerical assessment of energy absorption capacity of thin-walled Al 5083 tube produced by PTCAP process

The energy absorption capacity of the Al5083 thin-walled tube produced by parallel tubular angular pressing(PTCAP) process was evaluated. Also, microstructure, mechanical properties, and anisotropy coefficients were studied in the peripheral and axial directions. Results showed that values of energy absorption decreased with processing pass increasing and the values for the unprocessed, first and second passes were obtained to be 167, 161.4 and 160.7 J, respectively. The differences between the simulation results for the energy absorption values and their experimental values for the unprocessed, the first and the second PTCAP passes samples are about 5%, 10%, and 13%, respectively. The energy absorption capacity was related to the anisotropy coefficient and microstructure. The results demonstrated that grain refinement occurred and ultimate tensile strength(UTS) and microhardness after the first and second PTCAP passes were enhanced, while the increase rate in the first pass was much severer. Also, by applying PTCAP, the deformation modes were altered, such that the deformation mode of the annealed tube was quite symmetrical and circular while for the first and second passes there have been triple and double lobes diamond. The results of the numerical simulation for the deformation mode of the annealed and PTCAPed tubes were consistent with the experimental results. The deformation mode of tubes is dependent on their mechanical properties and variation of the mechanical properties during PTCAP process.

Sound absorption property of open-pore aluminum foams

This paper presents a study on sound absorption property of aluminum foam by evaluating its sound absorption coefficients using standing wave tube method. Experimental results showed that the average values of sound absorption coefficients (over the test frequency range) are all above 0.4, which indicate very good sound absorption property of the aluminum foams. The sound absorption coefficient is affected by frequency and pore structure, and reaches its maximum value at around 1 000 Hz. With the increase of porosity and decrease of cell diameter, the sound absorption coefficient values increase.

Forming limits under multi-index constraints in NC bending of aluminum alloy thin-walled tubes with large diameters

With increasing diameters of aluminum alloy thin-walled tubes (AATTs), the tube forming limits, i.e. the minimum bending factors, and their predictions under multi-index constraints including wrinkling, thinning and flattening have been being a key problem to be urgently solved for improving tube forming potential in numerical control (NC) bending processes of AATTs with large diameters. Thus in this paper, a search algorithm of the forming limits is put forward based on a 3D elastic-plastic finite element (FE) model and a wrinkling energy prediction model for the bending processes under axial compression loading (ACL) or not. This algorithm enables to be considered the effects of process parameter combinations including die, friction parameters on the multi-indices. Based on this algorithm, the forming limits of the different size tubes are obtained, and the roles of the process parameter combinations in enabling the limit bending processes are also revealed. The followings are found: the first, within the appropriate ranges of friction and clearances between the different dies and the tubes enabling the bending processes with smaller bending factors, the ACL enables the tube limit bending processes after a decrease of the mandrel ball thickness and diameters; then, without considering the effects of the tube geometry sizes on the tube constitutive equations, the forming limits will be decided by the limit thinning values for the tubes with diameters smaller than 80 mm, while the wrinkling for the tubes with diameters no less than 80 mm. The forming limits obtained from this algorithm are smaller than the analytical results, and reduced by 57.39%; the last, the roles of the process parameter combinations in enabling the limit bending processes are verified by experimental results.

Experiment and Numerical Simulation on the Dynamic Response of Foam-Filled Tubes Under Lateral Blast Loading

The dynamic response and energy absorption performance of foam-filled tubes under lateral external blast loading were investigated experimentally and numerically.A series of blast tests for the foam-filled tubes with different geometric parameters were carried out by the use of the ballistic pendulum system.Experimental results were compared with the numerical simulation results employing the software ABAQUS.The results showed that the finite element(FE)analysis was in good agreement with the experimental data.The effects of the diameter and wall thickness of the outer tube,the TNT explosive charge mass,and the standoff distance on the deformation modes,the blast resistance,and the energy absorption performance of the foam-filled tubes were investigated.Three deformation modes of the foam-filled tubes were observed under the lateral external blast loading,including local plastic deformation,large plastic deformation with an elliptic shape,and the tearing of the outer tube.The result revealed that the introduction of the foam core played a vital role in the deflection and energy absorption capacity of the structure.This study provided effective guidelines for designing foam-filled tubes with high energy absorption efficiency.

轴向撞击作用下内充泡沫铝薄壁铝合金腔体最优尺厚比选择

内充泡沫铝薄壁铝合金腔体在防撞吸能领域已经具备广泛的使用价值,但在最优截面尺寸选择方面的研究与应用较少。为进一步研究铝合金内充泡沫铝腔体最优截面尺寸,通过有限元软件ABAQUS建立了常见的方形铝合金腔体在撞击作用下的有限元模型。结果表明:建立的有限元模型在模拟内充泡沫铝铝合金腔体抗撞击性能方面具有良好的拟合度,同时,针对现有市场中方形铝合金腔体多尺寸截面,提出尺厚比作为其截面选择参数,通过运用数值建模和非线性拟合工具,得出常见尺寸下组合截面吸能最大化的截面尺寸。研究得出的低、中、高3种撞击能量下的截面最优尺厚比可为结构防撞击装置的设计提供参考。

多壁管增强泡沫铝结构动态响应及吸能性能研究

为了提高泡沫铝吸能性能,该文将多壁管及泡沫铝材料相结合,提出了一种多壁管增强泡沫铝结构.通过Hopkinson压杆试验以及有限元分析软件ABAQUS/Explicit,研究了泡沫铝、多壁管及其增强泡沫铝的动态压溃特性.对比分析了泡沫铝复合多壁管前后的变形模式、吸能性能,并讨论了多壁管增强泡沫铝的应变率效应以及应变率对多壁管增强泡沫铝耦合增强作用的影响.研究表明,有限元仿真能够较好地模拟试验结果.测试结果表明所采用的泡沫铝应变率效应不明显,而多壁管及多壁管增强泡沫铝应变率效应较为明显,在高应变率下其能量吸收可进一步提升.在动态冲击条件下,多壁管增强泡沫铝峰值力相比单一多壁管或泡沫有明显的耦合增强,其能量吸收相比单一多壁管及泡沫铝能量吸收之和提升10.34%.通过研究多壁管增强泡沫铝的动态压溃特性,可为承载吸能构件的应用提供依据和参考.

CFRP-铝合金复合管高强混凝土短柱轴压性能研究

为研究CFRP-铝合金复合管混凝土构件的轴压性能,进行了12根短柱试件的轴向压缩试验,主要研究参数为CFRP层数。试验结果表明:复合管混凝土试件出现了多处外凸鼓曲以及对应位置混凝土被压溃的破坏形态,而空复合管试件发生了局部内凹屈曲破坏;试件轴压承载力随CFRP层数的增加而增大,且复合管混凝土试件的承载力提高幅度高于相应的空复合管试件的提高幅度。对各部分的承载力贡献比例进行分析,发现复合管混凝土试件中混凝土的承载力贡献比例超过70%,且承载力贡献度随CFRP层数的增加而提高。提出了CFRP-铝合金复合管混凝土构件的轴压承载力计算公式。

一种组合式二级缓冲吸能装置的吸能特性研究

基于胀管和泡沫铝的缓冲吸能特性,以能量吸收值为设计目标,提出了一种新型二级缓冲吸能装置设计方法,并通过准静态压缩试验和落锤冲击试验验证了该方法的有效性。试验结果表明:该二级装置可实现预期的多级梯度应力平台。建立了二级缓冲吸能装置的有限元模型,通过仿真分析其在不同冲击工况下的动态响应和能量变化特征,该装置泡沫铝和胀管部分吸能占比可达80%,且更换主要耗能部分后其余构件可实现重复使用,并针对其失效模式提出优化方法,有效增加耗能材料的利用率和装置的整体稳定性。

泡沫铝复合结构的制备研究进展与展望

泡沫铝是一种含有大量孔洞的多功能多孔金属材料,具备减震吸能、电磁屏蔽、隔热、阻尼、降噪等特性。由于其力学性能和耐腐蚀性能较差,研究人员多以密实金属材料作为面板或外壁提升泡沫铝的综合性能。泡沫铝夹芯板结构和泡沫铝填充管结构作为泡沫铝复合结构的两种形式,具有显著的吸能特性与结构强度。现如今,泡沫铝复合结构因生产效率低、产品尺寸小、界面结合强度差以及制备成本高等问题,其快速发展与行业推广受到了限制。首先综述了有关泡沫铝复合结构的制备方法,包括泡沫铝夹芯板结构的胶粘连接、螺栓连接、焊接连接及粉末冶金连接等方法,泡沫铝填充管结构的原位制备法和非原位制备法,并在此基础上介绍了泡沫铝复合结构的力学性能以及不同制备方法的局限性。最后,简要分析了泡沫铝复合结构在土木工程领域应用的可行性,并对其进行了总结与展望。

高温环境下多壁管增强泡沫铝压溃行为的理论分析与数值模拟研究

通过理论和数值模拟方法研究了新型高效吸能结构——多壁管增强泡沫铝在高温环境下的压溃特性及能量吸收性能。采用能量法预测了多壁管增强泡沫铝的轴向压缩平均力,在此基础上研究了温度以及泡沫铝与多壁管材料流动应力之比对结构吸能效率的影响。结果表明:理论预测值与有限元结果吻合较好,最大误差值为-6.7%;环境温度从室温上升至350℃,温度升高导致材料力学性能下降,多壁管增强泡沫铝平均力下降了1/3;另外,流动应力之比会影响多壁管半折叠波长或塑性铰数目,因此通过控制合适的流动应力之比可以提高结构吸能效率。

泡沫铝复合结构隔声性能的仿真和实验研究

泡沫铝材料在交通运输、航天和建筑隔声等方面具有广阔的应用前景,然而单层泡沫铝其内部孔径和孔隙率不同严重影响了材料的隔声效果。构造两种复合结构,分别采用COMSOL软件仿真和实验室阻抗管测试两种手段对隔声性能进行了研究,结果表明:泡沫铝-玻璃纤维吸音棉复合结构在低频和中高频的隔声性能有一定的改进,而对于泡沫铝-三聚氰胺海绵复合结构,其隔声性能在各个频段均得到了极大提升,平均隔声量提升了将近6.8dB。

空心管型泡沫铝吸声性能的数值模拟分析

为了提高多孔泡沫铝材料的吸声性能,将泡沫铝加工成空心管型结构。首先,利用声学阻抗管测试系统获取吸声系数;其次,基于JCA声学模型,采用COMSOL软件对空心管型泡沫铝进行仿真模拟以获取吸声系数,将吸声系数仿真结果与试验结果进行对比,验证仿真模型的可靠性;最后,通过声压云图和能量耗散云图对空心管型泡沫铝内部声场进行分析,并进一步通过数值模拟探究空心管参数对吸声性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:该空心管型结构属于共振式吸声结构;当声波的频率和结构中固有频率相同时,声波激励结构振动的振幅最大,导致大量的声能被消耗,从而起到吸声的作用;对于空心管型泡沫铝结构,可以通过增大空心管的半径、增加空心管的数量来提高吸声系数;在1000~6300 Hz的频率范围内,背后添加空腔的空心管型泡沫铝结构的平均吸声系数相较于背后添加空腔的均质型泡沫铝结构的平均吸声系数提高了26%。

矩形泡沫铝填充镀锌钢管静态压缩性能研究

采用94个试验方案,研究了泡沫铝填充矩形镀锌钢管在静态压缩下的性能。对试验结果进行分析可知,矩形泡沫铝填充镀锌钢管在静态压缩过程中经历了弹性阶段和屈服平台阶段,其平均压溃载荷、极限压溃载荷和吸能能力随着泡沫铝相对密度和钢管厚度的增加而增加,而其受构件长度的影响较小,特别是平均压溃载荷几乎无变化,极限压溃载荷随构件长度增大而略有减少。同时将试验结果与理论公式进行了比较,两者数值非常吻合。

Geometry-dependent springback behaviors of thin-walled tube upon cold bending

As one kind of key lightweight components with enormous quantities and diversities, the bent tubular parts have attracted in- creasing applications in aerospace, automobile, etc. Thus, how the inevitable springback behaves under different bending specifications should be fully addressed to efficiently achieve the precision forming of various bent tubes. Taking the medium strength thin-walled 6061-T4 Al-alloy tube as the objective, via the deformation theory of plasticity, explicit/implicit FE method and experimental approaches, we explored and clarified the nonlinear springback rules of the tubes and corresponding mechanisms in universal rotary draw bending regarding angular springback and radius growth by deliberately changing the tube diameter D and wall thickness t. The geometry dependent springback behaviors of thin-walled tube upon cold bending are thus revealed: 1) With the increasing of D, the tangent tensile strain increases and the proportional coefficient decreases, which causes the angular springback to decrease, while the radius springback increases due to the larger bending radius. 2) With the increasing of t, the tangent tensile strain decreases and the proportional coefficient increases, resulting in the increase of both angular springback and radius springback. 3) Under the same D/t, the angular springback varies little, while the radius springback increases with the larger diameter D. 4) The D/t can be used as a reasonable nondimensional index to evaluate the springback angle; as to the radius growth, the individual effects of the D and t should be considered. 5) The verification of the above results was conducted by experiments and analytical analysis.

泡沫铝填充多胞薄壁圆锥管轴向耐撞性分析

建立了一款新型泡沫铝填充多胞圆锥管(aluminum foam-filled multi-cell conical tube, AFMCT)。基于LS-DYNA软件建立AFMCT有限元模型,采用准静态压缩实验验证,研究胞元数、锥角、壁厚以及泡沫铝密度等参数对AFMCT吸能特性的影响规律。结果表明:AFMCT具有较规整的变形模式,受结构参数的影响不大;壁厚的增大对结构吸能能力的影响最大;胞元数和锥角其次;泡沫铝密度影响最小。研究结果可为薄壁管吸能装置的设计提供参考。

腿式着陆器缓冲材料缓冲特性及其表征方法研究

为了研究适合腿式着陆器用缓冲器的缓冲材料,对8种不同规格的薄壁铝管,3种不同规格的铝蜂窝及4种不同规格的泡沫铝在准静态及冲击载荷作用下的压缩特性进行了试验研究,并得出了其相应的应力/能量-应变曲线图。通过对缓冲材料的应力-应变曲线图及压缩特性进行系统的研究分析,得到了5类缓冲材料缓冲特性的表征方法,这些表征方法可以全面地对不同缓冲材料的缓冲特性进行评价,以便指导腿式着陆器用缓冲器的设计。最后结合所提出的缓冲材料缓冲特性的表征方法,对所试验的薄壁铝管、铝蜂窝及泡沫铝这3类不同的缓冲材料的缓冲特性进行了总结,并得到了粗孔的名义压缩强度为0.14～0.15MPa的泡沫铝为在所试验的缓冲材料中,是最理想的腿式着陆器用缓冲材料。

包套轧制粉末冶金法制备泡沫铝三明治板

以空气雾化的AlSi12合金粉、镁粉和氢化钛粉末为原料,采用包套轧制法成功制备出了泡沫铝三明治板材.利用300 dpi扫描仪、扫描电镜(SEM)和显微硬度仪等检测方法系统比较了复合轧制和包套轧制方法对制备前驱体的宏观形貌和界面结合及其泡孔结构的影响,结果表明:包套轧制可以有效阻止面板材料裂纹的扩展,获得完整的和致密度均匀的预制坯,并能实现面板芯材的有效结合,最终获得泡孔结构完整和均匀的泡沫铝三明治板.