Optimization of Fixture Number in Large Thin-Walled Parts Assembly Based on IPSO

There are lots of researches on fixture layout optimization for large thin-walled parts.Current researches focus on the positioning problem,i.e.,optimizing the positions of a constant number of fixtures.However,how to determine the number of fixtures is ignored.In most cases,the number of fixtures located on large thin-walled parts is determined based on engineering experience,which leads to huge fixture number and extra waste.Therefore,this paper constructs an optimization model to minimize the number of fixtures.The constraints are set in the optimization model to ensure that the part deformation is within the surface profile tolerance.In addition,the assembly gap between two parts is also controlled.To conduct the optimization,this paper develops an improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO)algorithm by integrating the shrinkage factor and adaptive inertia weight.In the algorithm,particles are encoded according to the fixture position.Each dimension of the particle is assigned to a sub-region by constraining the optional position range of each fixture to improve the optimization efficiency.Finally,a case study on ship curved panel assembly is provided to prove that our method can optimize the number of fixtures while meeting the assembly quality requirements.This research proposes a method to optimize the number of fixtures,which can reduce the number of fixtures and achieve deformation control at the same time.

Development of Fixture Layout Optimization for Thin-Walled Parts:A Review

An increasing number of researchers have researched fixture layout optimization for thin-walled part assembly during the past decades.However,few papers systematically review these researches.By analyzing existing literature,this paper summarizes the process of fixture layout optimization and the methods applied.The process of optimization is made up of optimization objective setting,assembly variation/deformation modeling,and fixture layout optimization.This paper makes a review of the fixture layout for thin-walled parts according to these three steps.First,two different kinds of optimization objectives are introduced.Researchers usually consider in-plane variations or out-of-plane deformations when designing objectives.Then,modeling methods for assembly variation and deformation are divided into two categories:Mechanism-based and data-based methods.Several common methods are discussed respectively.After that,optimization algorithms are reviewed systematically.There are two kinds of optimization algorithms:Traditional nonlinear programming and heuristic algorithms.Finally,discussions on the current situation are provided.The research direction of fixture layout optimization in the future is discussed from three aspects:Objective setting,improving modeling accuracy and optimization algorithms.Also,a new research point for fixture layout optimization is discussed.This paper systematically reviews the research on fixture layout optimization for thin-walled parts,and provides a reference for future research in this field.

Optimization of material removal strategy in milling of thin-walled parts

The optimal material removal strategy can improve a geometric accuracy and surface quality of thin-walled parts such as turbine blades and blisks in high-speed ball end milling.The dominant conception in the material removal represents the persistence of the workpiece cutting stiffness in operation to advance the machining accuracy and machining efficiency.On the basis of theoretical models of cutting stiffness and deformation,finite element method (FEM) is applied to calculate the virtual displacements of the thin-walled part under given virtual loads at the nodes of the discrete surface.With the reference of deformation distribution of the thin-walled part,the milling material removal strategy is optimized to make the best of bracing ability of still uncut material.This material removal method is summarized as the lower stiffness region removed firstly and the higher stiffness region removed next.Analytical and experimental results show the availability,which has been verified by the blade machining test in this work,for thin-walled parts to reduce cutting deformation and meliorate machining quality.

Initial residual stress experiment and simulation of thin-walled parts for layer removal method

Thin-walled parts have low stiffness characteristic. Initial residual stress of thin-walled blanks is an important influence factor on machining stability. The present work is to verify the feasibility of an initial residual stress measurement of layer removal method. According to initial residual stress experiment for casting ZL205 A aluminum alloy tapered thin-walled blank by a common method,namely hole-drilling method,three finite element models with initial residual stress are established to simulate the layer removal method in ABAQUS and ANSYS software. By analyzing the results of simulation and experiments,the cutting residual stress inlayer removal process has a significant effect on measurement results. Reducing cutting residual stress is helpful to improve accuracy of layer removal method.

Mapping relationship analysis of welding assembly properties for thin-walled parts with finite element and machine learning algorithm

The finite element(FE)-based simulation of welding characteristics was carried out to explore the relationship among welding assembly properties for the parallel T-shaped thin-walled parts of an antenna structure.The effects of welding direction,clamping,fixture release time,fixed constraints,and welding sequences on these properties were analyzed,and the mapping relationship among welding characteristics was thoroughly examined.Different machine learning algorithms,including the generalized regression neural network(GRNN),wavelet neural network(WNN),and fuzzy neural network(FNN),are used to predict the multiple welding properties of thin-walled parts to mirror their variation trend and verify the correctness of the mapping relationship.Compared with those from GRNN and WNN,the maximum mean relative errors for the predicted values of deformation,temperature,and residual stress with FNN were less than 4.8%,1.4%,and 4.4%,respectively.These results indicate that FNN generated the best predicted welding characteristics.Analysis under various welding conditions also shows a mapping relationship among welding deformation,temperature,and residual stress over a period of time.This finding further provides a paramount basis for the control of welding assembly errors of an antenna structure in the future.

A model of deformation of thin-wall surface parts during milling machining process

A three-dimensional finite element model was established for the milling of thin-walled parts. The physical model of the milling of the part was established using the AdvantEdge FEM software as the platform. The aluminum alloy impeller was designated as the object to be processed and the boundary conditions which met the actual machining were set. Through the solution, the physical quantities such as the three-way cutting force, the tool temperature, and the tool stress were obtained, and the calculation of the elastic deformation of the thin-walled blade of the free-form surface at the contact points between the tool and the workpiece was realized. The elastic deformation law of the thin-walled blade was then predicted. The results show that the maximum deviation between the predicted value and the actual measured machining value of the elastic deformation was 26.055 μm; the minimum deviation was 2.011 μm, with the average deviation being 10.154 μm. This shows that the prediction is in close agreement with the actual result.

Numerical simulation analysis for deformation deviation and experimental verification for an antenna thin-wall parts considering riveting assembly with finite element method

In the process of thin-wall parts assembly for an antenna,the parts assembly deformation deviation is occurring due to the riveting assembly.In view of the riveting assembly deformation problems,it can be analyzed through transient and static simulation.In this work,the theoretical deformation model for riveting assembly is established with round head rivet.The simulation analysis for riveting deformation is carried out with the riveting assembly piece including four rivets,which comparing with the measuring points experiment results of riveting test piece through dealing with the experimental data using the point coordinate transform method and the space line fitting method.Simultaneously,the deformation deviation of the overall thin-wall parts assembly structure is analyzed through finite element simulation;and its results are verified by the measuring experiment for riveting assembly with the deformation deviation of some key points on the thin-wall parts.Through the comparison analysis,it is shown that the simulation results agree well with the experimental results,which proves the correctness and effectiveness of the theoretical analysis,simulation results and the given experiment data processing method.Through the study on the riveting assembly for thin-wall parts,it will provide a theoretical foundation for improving thin-wall parts assembly quality of large antenna in future.

Welding thermal characteristics analysis with numerical simulation for thin-wall parts assembly under different conditions

In order to analyze the welding thermal characteristics problem,the multiscale finite element(FE)model of T-shape thin-wall assembly structure for different thicknesses and the heat source model are established to emphatically study their welding temperature distributions under different conditions.Simultaneously,different welding technology parameters and welding directions are taken into account,and the fillet weld for different welding parameters is employed on the thin-wall parts.Through comparison analysis,the results show that different welding directions,welding thicknesses and welding heat source parameters have a certain impact on the temperature distribution.Meanwhile,for the thin-wall assembly structure of the same thickness,when the heat source is moving,the greater the moving speed,the smaller the heating area,and the highest temperature will decrease.Therefore,the welding temperature field distribution can be altered by adjusting welding parameters,heat source parameters,welding thickness and welding direction,which is conducive to reducing welding deformation and choosing an appropriate and optimal welding thickness of thin-wall parts and relative welding process parameters,thus improving thin-wall welding structure assembly precision in the actual large-size welding structure assembly process in future.

A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF RADIAL INERTIA ON THE ELASTO-PLASTIC COMBINED STRESS WAVE PROPAGATION IN THIN-WALLED TUBES

An in-depth analysis of propagation characteristics ofelasto-plastic combined stress waves in circular thin-walled tubeshas been made. In obtaining the simple-wave solution, however, mostresearches have ignored the influence of the circumferential stressrelated to the radial inertial ef- fect in the tubes. In this paperthe incremental elasto-plastic constitutive relations which areconve- nient for dynamic numerical analysis are adopted, and thefinite-difference method is used to study the evolution adpropagation of elasto-plastic combined stress waves in a thin-walledtube with the radial inertial effect of the tube considered. Thecalculation results are compared with those obtained when the radialinertial effect is not considered. The calculation results show thatthe radial inertial effect of a tube has a fairly great influence onthe propagation of elasto-plastic combined stress waves.

Deformation Analysis and Fixture Design of Thin-walled Cylinder in Drilling Process Based on TRIZ Theory

Thin-walled cylindrical workpiece is easy to deform during machining and clamping processes due to the insufficient rigidi.Moreover,it’s also difficult to ensure the perpendicularity of flange holes during drilling process.In this paper,the element birth and death technique is used to obtain the axial deformation of the hole through finite element simulation.The measured value of the perpendicularity of the hole was compared with the simulated value to verify then the rationality of the simulation model.To reduce the perpendicularity error of the hole in the drilling process,the theory of inventive principle solution(TRIZ)was used to analyze the drilling process of thin-walled cylinder,and the corresponding fixture was developed to adjust the supporting surface height adaptively.Three different fixture supporting layout schemes were used for numerical simulation of drilling process,and the maximum,average and standard deviation of the axial deformation of the flange holes and their maximum hole perpendicularity errors were comparatively analyzed,and the optimal arrangement was optimized.The results show that the proposed deformation control strategy can effectively improve the drilling deformation of thin-walled cylindrical workpiece,thereby significantly improving the machining quality of the parts.

Relative Varying Dynamics Based Whole Cutting Process Optimization for Thin‑walled Parts

Thin-walled parts are typically difficult-to-cut components due to the complex dynamics in cutting process.The dynamics is variant for part during machining,but invariant for machine tool.The variation of the relative dynamics results in the difference of cutting stage division and cutting parameter selection.This paper develops a novel method for whole cutting process optimization based on the relative varying dynamic characteristic of machining system.A new strategy to distinguish cutting stages depending on the dominated dynamics during machining process is proposed,and a thickness-dependent model to predict the dynamics of part is developed.Optimal cutting parameters change with stages,which can be divided by the critical thickness of part.Based on the dynamics comparison between machine tool and thickness-varying part,the critical thicknesses are predicted by an iterative algorithm.The proposed method is validated by the machining of three benchmarks.Good agreements have been obtained between prediction and experimental results in terms of stages identification,meanwhile,the optimized parameters perform well during the whole cutting process.

Elliptical vibration cutting of large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron by using diamond tool with active cutting edge shift

Large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron are crucial in aerospace,national defense,energy and precision physical experiments.However,the high machining accuracy and surface quality are difficult to achieve due to the serious tool wear and deformation when machining the parts with conventional cutting tools.In this paper,an elliptical vibration cutting(EVC)with active cutting edge shift(ACES)based on a long arbor vibration device is proposed for ultraprecision machining the pure iron parts by using diamond tool.Compared with cutting at a fixed cutting edge,the influence of ACES on the EVC was analyzed.Experiments in EVC of pure iron with ACES were conducted.The evolutions of the surface roughness,surface topography,and chip morphology with tool wear in EVC with ACES are revealed.The reasonable parameters of ultraprecision machining the pure iron parts by EVC with ACES were determined.It shows that the ACES has a slight influence on the machined surface roughness and surface topography.The diamond tool life can be significantly prolonged in EVC of pure iron with ACES than that with a fixed cutting edge,so that high profile accuracy and surface quality could be obtained even at higher nominal cutting speed.A typical thin-walled curved surface pure iron part with diameter φ240 mm,height 122 mm,and wall thickness 2 mm was fabricated by the presented method,and its profile error and surface roughness achieved PV 2.2μm and Ra less than 50 nm,respectively.

中国再制造产业的碳减排效应和经济影响分析

发展再制造有助于推动碳减排,但不同再制造产业规模下的碳减排效应和经济影响仍不明确。将再制造产业作为一个部门引入一般均衡模型,结合结构路径分析法,解析再制造如何影响碳排放和经济发展,并量化评估再制造带来的碳减排效应和经济影响。结果表明,再制造能够减少对电力生产和供应、金属冶炼的需求,从而带动碳排放总量下降0.02%~0.31%,但造成GDP 0.003%~0.043%的小幅下降;地方再制造产业的发展能够通过区域间贸易影响其他地区的生产活动,并进一步带动其他地区的碳减排;随着产业规模的扩大,再制造能创造更多就业岗位,但未来劳动力价格上升也可能制约其进一步发展。

基于有限元分析的薄壁圆环零件加工工艺研究

目的针对薄壁圆环零件刚性差、强度弱、加工过程中易发生受力变形的难题,基于薄壁圆环零件加工成形工艺,优化零件的加工工艺和装夹方式。方法考虑到工艺对零件加工质量的影响,对零件的加工方法和装夹方式进行研究,提出一种新的加工工装,运用ANSYS软件对零件装夹受力情况和振动变形进行有限元模拟仿真分析。结果该工装不仅能够防止零件发生应力集中,还提升了零件加工精度和表面质量,工装设计为一夹一顶方式,只需调整顶尖压紧力便可确保圆环件在加工中不会发生变形,同时拆装方便,提高了生产效率。结论对于薄壁圆环件的数控加工,可通过科学设计零件加工工艺流程和装夹工装,解决零件受力变形问题,保证薄壁圆环零件的尺寸、形位公差和表面粗糙度符合要求,提高了生产加工效率,满足产品批量生产使用要求,为类似薄壁件的加工提供了参考。

金刚石线锯成形切割工程陶瓷圆弧试验研究

针对工程陶瓷圆形零件难以成形加工的问题,提出了一种金刚石线锯成形加工工程陶瓷圆弧件的新方法,以圆弧面的径向跳动为衡量圆度指标,采用单因素实验法分析了线速度、转台转速和张紧力等工艺参数对圆弧件形状精度圆度、加工效率、线弓角度、表面粗糙度、表面形貌的影响规律。试验结果得出:在本试验参数范围内,线速度越大圆弧面的圆度越好、加工效率越高、线弓角度越小、表面粗糙度越好、表面质量越好;转台转速越小圆弧面的圆度越好、加工效率越高、线弓角度越小、表面粗糙度越好、表面质量越好;张紧力越大圆弧面的圆度越好、加工效率越高、线弓角度越小、表面粗糙度越好、表面质量越好。

航空发动机环形零件高精度孔位测具

针对航空发动机环形零件高精度孔位测具加工困难、加工周期长的现状,设计了一种航空发动机环形零件高精度孔位测具。介绍了测具的技术方案,分析了关键技术和优点。测具采用高精度电气分度技术,可以实现准确、高效检测,通用性强,适用范围广。

微小圆片零件装配自动化与组装夹具研究

微小圆片类零件尺寸小、重量轻。装配时存在操作困难、易受扰动,以及由于遮挡等原因不易通过机器视觉进行识别和轮廓提取。针对该类微小零件装配中自动化锁紧问题,提出了小零件装配的新方法,用大零件夹持小零件进行装配操作。结合此方法研制了自动化装配系统,并设计了具有逆序摆放,顺序装配特点的组装夹具。大零件夹持端采用曲率悬臂梁结构,两侧呈中心对称布置,可以夹持不同直径的圆片零件。理论分析结合有限元仿真表明,悬臂梁根部为主要失效部位,最大应力小于选取材料的屈服强度。自动化装配实验表明,某组件的中间片与上片、下片同轴度分别优于ϕ0.02和ϕ0.04,研制的组装夹具已应用于组件的装配生产,该方法也为其他微小型零件装配提供新的思路。

Influence of multiple structural parameters on buffer performance of a thin-walled circular tube based on the coupling modeling technique

Pyrotechnic devices are widely used in the aerospace and defense industries.However,these devices generate high-frequency and high-amplitude shock responses during their use,compromising safe operation of the system.In this paper,the application of a thin-walled circular tube as the energy absorber in pyrotechnic devices is investigated.To accurately predict the shock load and the buffer performance of the thin-walled circular tube,a coupled model connecting the energetic material combustion and finite element simulation is established.The validity of the coupled model is verified by comparing with experiments.Then,the collapse mechanism of the thin-walled circular tube is studied,and the influence of multiple structural parameters on its buffer performance is analyzed.The results show that the thin-walled circular tube effectively reduces the shock overload.The maximum shock overload reduced from 572612g to 11204g in the studied case.The structural parameters of the thin-walled circular tube mainly affect the deformation process and the maximum shock overload.The order of importance of structural parameters to the maximum shock overload is determined,among which the wall thickness has the most significant effect.

一种铁路机车车辆车轴产品过渡圆弧部位超声横波检测工艺

本研究对铁路机车车辆车轴产品过渡圆弧部位超声波径向检测进行了分析和研究,设计了一种针对铁路机车车辆车轴产品过渡圆弧部位的超声波横波检测工艺,以满足车轴产品过渡圆弧部位内部缺陷检测和判定的需要。

高精度航磁在大兴安岭中段新一轮找矿中的应用

在深入研究大兴安岭中段地质构造、各种航空物探异常特征的基础上,对航磁资料进行了剖析,解释了磁场与多金属成矿密切相关的线—环构造及其火山岩基底情况等,总结出多金属矿藏的磁异常特征及其与线环构造、岩体、地层之间的关系,旨在为该区进一步部署多金属矿产勘查提供参考。