Optimization of Fixture Number in Large Thin-Walled Parts Assembly Based on IPSO

There are lots of researches on fixture layout optimization for large thin-walled parts.Current researches focus on the positioning problem,i.e.,optimizing the positions of a constant number of fixtures.However,how to determine the number of fixtures is ignored.In most cases,the number of fixtures located on large thin-walled parts is determined based on engineering experience,which leads to huge fixture number and extra waste.Therefore,this paper constructs an optimization model to minimize the number of fixtures.The constraints are set in the optimization model to ensure that the part deformation is within the surface profile tolerance.In addition,the assembly gap between two parts is also controlled.To conduct the optimization,this paper develops an improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO)algorithm by integrating the shrinkage factor and adaptive inertia weight.In the algorithm,particles are encoded according to the fixture position.Each dimension of the particle is assigned to a sub-region by constraining the optional position range of each fixture to improve the optimization efficiency.Finally,a case study on ship curved panel assembly is provided to prove that our method can optimize the number of fixtures while meeting the assembly quality requirements.This research proposes a method to optimize the number of fixtures,which can reduce the number of fixtures and achieve deformation control at the same time.

Development of Fixture Layout Optimization for Thin-Walled Parts:A Review

An increasing number of researchers have researched fixture layout optimization for thin-walled part assembly during the past decades.However,few papers systematically review these researches.By analyzing existing literature,this paper summarizes the process of fixture layout optimization and the methods applied.The process of optimization is made up of optimization objective setting,assembly variation/deformation modeling,and fixture layout optimization.This paper makes a review of the fixture layout for thin-walled parts according to these three steps.First,two different kinds of optimization objectives are introduced.Researchers usually consider in-plane variations or out-of-plane deformations when designing objectives.Then,modeling methods for assembly variation and deformation are divided into two categories:Mechanism-based and data-based methods.Several common methods are discussed respectively.After that,optimization algorithms are reviewed systematically.There are two kinds of optimization algorithms:Traditional nonlinear programming and heuristic algorithms.Finally,discussions on the current situation are provided.The research direction of fixture layout optimization in the future is discussed from three aspects:Objective setting,improving modeling accuracy and optimization algorithms.Also,a new research point for fixture layout optimization is discussed.This paper systematically reviews the research on fixture layout optimization for thin-walled parts,and provides a reference for future research in this field.

Optimization of material removal strategy in milling of thin-walled parts

The optimal material removal strategy can improve a geometric accuracy and surface quality of thin-walled parts such as turbine blades and blisks in high-speed ball end milling.The dominant conception in the material removal represents the persistence of the workpiece cutting stiffness in operation to advance the machining accuracy and machining efficiency.On the basis of theoretical models of cutting stiffness and deformation,finite element method (FEM) is applied to calculate the virtual displacements of the thin-walled part under given virtual loads at the nodes of the discrete surface.With the reference of deformation distribution of the thin-walled part,the milling material removal strategy is optimized to make the best of bracing ability of still uncut material.This material removal method is summarized as the lower stiffness region removed firstly and the higher stiffness region removed next.Analytical and experimental results show the availability,which has been verified by the blade machining test in this work,for thin-walled parts to reduce cutting deformation and meliorate machining quality.

Deformation Analysis and Fixture Design of Thin-walled Cylinder in Drilling Process Based on TRIZ Theory

Thin-walled cylindrical workpiece is easy to deform during machining and clamping processes due to the insufficient rigidi.Moreover,it’s also difficult to ensure the perpendicularity of flange holes during drilling process.In this paper,the element birth and death technique is used to obtain the axial deformation of the hole through finite element simulation.The measured value of the perpendicularity of the hole was compared with the simulated value to verify then the rationality of the simulation model.To reduce the perpendicularity error of the hole in the drilling process,the theory of inventive principle solution(TRIZ)was used to analyze the drilling process of thin-walled cylinder,and the corresponding fixture was developed to adjust the supporting surface height adaptively.Three different fixture supporting layout schemes were used for numerical simulation of drilling process,and the maximum,average and standard deviation of the axial deformation of the flange holes and their maximum hole perpendicularity errors were comparatively analyzed,and the optimal arrangement was optimized.The results show that the proposed deformation control strategy can effectively improve the drilling deformation of thin-walled cylindrical workpiece,thereby significantly improving the machining quality of the parts.

A Quick and Practical Approach for Concept-design of Submerged Thin-walled Stiffened Cylinders

Goal based and limit state design is nowadays a well-established approach in many engineering fields.Ship construction rules started introducing such concepts since early 2000.However,classification societies’rules do not provide hints on how to verify limit states and to determine the structural layout of submerged thin-walled stiffened cylinders,whose most prominent examples are submarines.Rather,they generally offer guidance and prescriptive formulations to assess shell plating and stiffening members.Such marine structures are studied,designed and built up to carry payloads below the sea surface.In the concept-design stage,the maximum operating depth is the governing hull scantling parameter.Main dimensions are determined based on the analysis of operational requirements.This study proposes a practical conceptdesign approach for conceptual submarine design,aimed at obtaining hull structures that maximize the payload capacity in terms of available internal volume by suitably adjusting structural layout and stiffening members’scantling,duly accounting for robustness and construction constraints as well as practical fabrication issues.The proposed scantling process highlights that there is no need of complex algorithms if sound engineering judgment is applied in setting down rationally the hull scantling problem.A systematic approach based on a computer-coded procedure developed on purpose was effectively implemented and satisfactorily applied in design practice.

Initial residual stress experiment and simulation of thin-walled parts for layer removal method

Thin-walled parts have low stiffness characteristic. Initial residual stress of thin-walled blanks is an important influence factor on machining stability. The present work is to verify the feasibility of an initial residual stress measurement of layer removal method. According to initial residual stress experiment for casting ZL205 A aluminum alloy tapered thin-walled blank by a common method,namely hole-drilling method,three finite element models with initial residual stress are established to simulate the layer removal method in ABAQUS and ANSYS software. By analyzing the results of simulation and experiments,the cutting residual stress inlayer removal process has a significant effect on measurement results. Reducing cutting residual stress is helpful to improve accuracy of layer removal method.

Mapping relationship analysis of welding assembly properties for thin-walled parts with finite element and machine learning algorithm

The finite element(FE)-based simulation of welding characteristics was carried out to explore the relationship among welding assembly properties for the parallel T-shaped thin-walled parts of an antenna structure.The effects of welding direction,clamping,fixture release time,fixed constraints,and welding sequences on these properties were analyzed,and the mapping relationship among welding characteristics was thoroughly examined.Different machine learning algorithms,including the generalized regression neural network(GRNN),wavelet neural network(WNN),and fuzzy neural network(FNN),are used to predict the multiple welding properties of thin-walled parts to mirror their variation trend and verify the correctness of the mapping relationship.Compared with those from GRNN and WNN,the maximum mean relative errors for the predicted values of deformation,temperature,and residual stress with FNN were less than 4.8%,1.4%,and 4.4%,respectively.These results indicate that FNN generated the best predicted welding characteristics.Analysis under various welding conditions also shows a mapping relationship among welding deformation,temperature,and residual stress over a period of time.This finding further provides a paramount basis for the control of welding assembly errors of an antenna structure in the future.

A model of deformation of thin-wall surface parts during milling machining process

A three-dimensional finite element model was established for the milling of thin-walled parts. The physical model of the milling of the part was established using the AdvantEdge FEM software as the platform. The aluminum alloy impeller was designated as the object to be processed and the boundary conditions which met the actual machining were set. Through the solution, the physical quantities such as the three-way cutting force, the tool temperature, and the tool stress were obtained, and the calculation of the elastic deformation of the thin-walled blade of the free-form surface at the contact points between the tool and the workpiece was realized. The elastic deformation law of the thin-walled blade was then predicted. The results show that the maximum deviation between the predicted value and the actual measured machining value of the elastic deformation was 26.055 μm; the minimum deviation was 2.011 μm, with the average deviation being 10.154 μm. This shows that the prediction is in close agreement with the actual result.

Numerical simulation analysis for deformation deviation and experimental verification for an antenna thin-wall parts considering riveting assembly with finite element method

In the process of thin-wall parts assembly for an antenna,the parts assembly deformation deviation is occurring due to the riveting assembly.In view of the riveting assembly deformation problems,it can be analyzed through transient and static simulation.In this work,the theoretical deformation model for riveting assembly is established with round head rivet.The simulation analysis for riveting deformation is carried out with the riveting assembly piece including four rivets,which comparing with the measuring points experiment results of riveting test piece through dealing with the experimental data using the point coordinate transform method and the space line fitting method.Simultaneously,the deformation deviation of the overall thin-wall parts assembly structure is analyzed through finite element simulation;and its results are verified by the measuring experiment for riveting assembly with the deformation deviation of some key points on the thin-wall parts.Through the comparison analysis,it is shown that the simulation results agree well with the experimental results,which proves the correctness and effectiveness of the theoretical analysis,simulation results and the given experiment data processing method.Through the study on the riveting assembly for thin-wall parts,it will provide a theoretical foundation for improving thin-wall parts assembly quality of large antenna in future.

Welding thermal characteristics analysis with numerical simulation for thin-wall parts assembly under different conditions

In order to analyze the welding thermal characteristics problem,the multiscale finite element(FE)model of T-shape thin-wall assembly structure for different thicknesses and the heat source model are established to emphatically study their welding temperature distributions under different conditions.Simultaneously,different welding technology parameters and welding directions are taken into account,and the fillet weld for different welding parameters is employed on the thin-wall parts.Through comparison analysis,the results show that different welding directions,welding thicknesses and welding heat source parameters have a certain impact on the temperature distribution.Meanwhile,for the thin-wall assembly structure of the same thickness,when the heat source is moving,the greater the moving speed,the smaller the heating area,and the highest temperature will decrease.Therefore,the welding temperature field distribution can be altered by adjusting welding parameters,heat source parameters,welding thickness and welding direction,which is conducive to reducing welding deformation and choosing an appropriate and optimal welding thickness of thin-wall parts and relative welding process parameters,thus improving thin-wall welding structure assembly precision in the actual large-size welding structure assembly process in future.

Relative Varying Dynamics Based Whole Cutting Process Optimization for Thin‑walled Parts

Thin-walled parts are typically difficult-to-cut components due to the complex dynamics in cutting process.The dynamics is variant for part during machining,but invariant for machine tool.The variation of the relative dynamics results in the difference of cutting stage division and cutting parameter selection.This paper develops a novel method for whole cutting process optimization based on the relative varying dynamic characteristic of machining system.A new strategy to distinguish cutting stages depending on the dominated dynamics during machining process is proposed,and a thickness-dependent model to predict the dynamics of part is developed.Optimal cutting parameters change with stages,which can be divided by the critical thickness of part.Based on the dynamics comparison between machine tool and thickness-varying part,the critical thicknesses are predicted by an iterative algorithm.The proposed method is validated by the machining of three benchmarks.Good agreements have been obtained between prediction and experimental results in terms of stages identification,meanwhile,the optimized parameters perform well during the whole cutting process.

Elliptical vibration cutting of large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron by using diamond tool with active cutting edge shift

Large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron are crucial in aerospace,national defense,energy and precision physical experiments.However,the high machining accuracy and surface quality are difficult to achieve due to the serious tool wear and deformation when machining the parts with conventional cutting tools.In this paper,an elliptical vibration cutting(EVC)with active cutting edge shift(ACES)based on a long arbor vibration device is proposed for ultraprecision machining the pure iron parts by using diamond tool.Compared with cutting at a fixed cutting edge,the influence of ACES on the EVC was analyzed.Experiments in EVC of pure iron with ACES were conducted.The evolutions of the surface roughness,surface topography,and chip morphology with tool wear in EVC with ACES are revealed.The reasonable parameters of ultraprecision machining the pure iron parts by EVC with ACES were determined.It shows that the ACES has a slight influence on the machined surface roughness and surface topography.The diamond tool life can be significantly prolonged in EVC of pure iron with ACES than that with a fixed cutting edge,so that high profile accuracy and surface quality could be obtained even at higher nominal cutting speed.A typical thin-walled curved surface pure iron part with diameter φ240 mm,height 122 mm,and wall thickness 2 mm was fabricated by the presented method,and its profile error and surface roughness achieved PV 2.2μm and Ra less than 50 nm,respectively.

缸体类零件内腔硬质阳极氧化加极装置设计与改进

[目的]某型号压气缸在现场安装时出现过盈配合问题,内腔硬质阳极氧化膜厚度分布不均及顶部膜厚过大是主因。[方法]设计并制作了加极装置,结合阳极氧化试验和有限元分析对其中的辅助电极进行改进。[结果]使用加极装置后,内腔阳极氧化膜厚度分布均匀,都在要求的10~20μm范围内。[结论]在硬质阳极氧化过程中使用合适的加极装置有利于控制缸体零件内腔阳极氧化膜的厚度,提高膜厚均匀性。

高端液压支架表面处理工艺选型探讨

液压支架的表面处理工艺作为高可靠长寿命液压支架的关键技术之一,已经成为煤矿开采的一个重要研究课题。通过各种实验研究及实际使用效果总结,对液压支架油缸外圆、内壁、内脏件、联接件及结构件的各种表面处理工艺进行了具体的讨论分析,提出了各种表面处理工艺的使用环境和适用范围,为高端液压支架的表面处理工艺的选型提供了参考依据。

Chatter stability and precision during high-speed ultrasonic vibration cutting of a thin-walled titanium cylinder

Titanium alloys are widely used in the aviation and aerospace industries due to their unique mechanical and physical properties.Specifically,thin-walled titanium(Ti)cylinders have received increasing attention for their applications as rocket engine casings,aircraft landing gear,and aero-engine hollow shaft due to their observed improvement in the thrust-to-weight ratio.However,the conventional cutting(CC)process is not appropriate for thin-walled Ti cylinders due to its low thermal conductivity,high strength,and low stiffness.Instead,high-speed ultrasonic vibration cutting(HUVC)assisted processing has recently proved highly effective for Ti-alloy machining.In this study,HUVC technology is employed to perform external turning of a thinwalled Ti cylinder,which represents a new application of HUVC.First,the kinematics,tool path,and dynamic cutting thickness of HUVC are evaluated.Second,the phenomenon of mode-coupling chatter is analyzed to determine the effects and mechanism of HUVC by establishing a critical cutting thickness model.HUVC can increase the critical cutting thickness and effectively reduce the average cutting force,thus reducing the energy intake of the system.Finally,comparison experiments are conducted between HUVC and CC processes.The results indicate that the diameter error rate is 10%or less for HUVC and 51%for the CC method due to a 40%reduction in the cutting force.In addition,higher machining precision and better surface roughness are achieved during thin-walled Ti cylinder manufacturing using HUVC.

电热水壶手柄旋转抽芯模具设计

根据分析某电热水壶手柄的结构特点,结合其性能要求设计了一副复杂抽芯的注塑模具,通过采用定模侧向优先抽芯机构,成功解决了塑件在定模侧倒扣的脱模难题。侧向抽芯机构解决了动模侧倒扣脱模的问题。定距开模顺序保护机构为抽芯顺序提供保障,实现模具安全生产。一次油缸驱动的曲柄旋转抽芯机构解决了在动模侧狭长圆弧形大行程倒扣的脱模难题。侧分型抽芯机构优化了模具分型选择,使模具在制作过程中更加高效便捷,缩短了模具的制作周期,降低人工成本的同时还解决了塑件在注塑生产过程中易发生粘模和顶出问题,无顶出机构的设计使模具的制作成本降低了20%左右,生产效率提高了15%左右,在实际生产过程中由此模具制成的塑件的成型品质良好,符合生产要求。

供热机组低压缸零出力工况下热经济性分析

低压缸零出力运行是当前供热机组灵活性改造的主要方式。依据电网现行深调峰补偿政策,核算机组不同工况下的收益是现场面临的实际问题。研究一种基于热平衡规律的变工况快速算法,能够在保证基本计算准确度的情况下快速计算出机组变工况后运行状态。以某350 MW超临界供热机组为例,分别计算100%TMHCR(最大供热)和40%THA工况下低压缸零出力运行前后的发电功率、供热功率及热耗等参数,进而计算出发电供热收益。结果显示,100%TMHCR工况低压缸零出力运行能够降低发电负荷约8%,提升供热负荷27%,40%THA工况可将发电负荷降低至25%Pe,经济效益显著。

薄壁圆筒零件的加工工艺

针对薄壁圆筒零件在车削加工时容易产生振动及变形的问题,分析原因,并改进装夹方式,优化夹具。在此基础上,提出薄壁圆筒零件的加工工艺,提高加工效率和产品合格率,为企业节约成本。

一个液压缸在游乐设施上应用案例浅析

液压缸在大型游乐设施中应用非常广泛,部分液压缸作为大型游乐设施中的重要受力部件或者单一失效部件,直接关系乘客的生命安全。本文分析了一个火箭弹射游乐设施上液压缸选型的设计鉴定案例,指出了该液压缸设计选型中存在的问题,阐述了常规标准液压缸选型方法和非标准液压缸设计方法存在的问题,最后对标准液压缸的设计选型方法及游乐设施标准提出了意见与建议。

导筒类薄壁件外圆磨削工艺

船用柴油机导筒组件在工作中需进行往复运动,其外圆圆柱度等形位公差要求较高。对于外圆,一般采用磨削加工。在分析外圆磨削精度影响因素的基础上,提出新的导筒类薄壁件外圆磨削工艺。介绍了新的外圆磨削工艺所使用的工装和装夹方法,并给出了实测外圆磨削精度。