Optimization of Fixture Number in Large Thin-Walled Parts Assembly Based on IPSO

There are lots of researches on fixture layout optimization for large thin-walled parts.Current researches focus on the positioning problem,i.e.,optimizing the positions of a constant number of fixtures.However,how to determine the number of fixtures is ignored.In most cases,the number of fixtures located on large thin-walled parts is determined based on engineering experience,which leads to huge fixture number and extra waste.Therefore,this paper constructs an optimization model to minimize the number of fixtures.The constraints are set in the optimization model to ensure that the part deformation is within the surface profile tolerance.In addition,the assembly gap between two parts is also controlled.To conduct the optimization,this paper develops an improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO)algorithm by integrating the shrinkage factor and adaptive inertia weight.In the algorithm,particles are encoded according to the fixture position.Each dimension of the particle is assigned to a sub-region by constraining the optional position range of each fixture to improve the optimization efficiency.Finally,a case study on ship curved panel assembly is provided to prove that our method can optimize the number of fixtures while meeting the assembly quality requirements.This research proposes a method to optimize the number of fixtures,which can reduce the number of fixtures and achieve deformation control at the same time.

Development of Fixture Layout Optimization for Thin-Walled Parts:A Review

An increasing number of researchers have researched fixture layout optimization for thin-walled part assembly during the past decades.However,few papers systematically review these researches.By analyzing existing literature,this paper summarizes the process of fixture layout optimization and the methods applied.The process of optimization is made up of optimization objective setting,assembly variation/deformation modeling,and fixture layout optimization.This paper makes a review of the fixture layout for thin-walled parts according to these three steps.First,two different kinds of optimization objectives are introduced.Researchers usually consider in-plane variations or out-of-plane deformations when designing objectives.Then,modeling methods for assembly variation and deformation are divided into two categories:Mechanism-based and data-based methods.Several common methods are discussed respectively.After that,optimization algorithms are reviewed systematically.There are two kinds of optimization algorithms:Traditional nonlinear programming and heuristic algorithms.Finally,discussions on the current situation are provided.The research direction of fixture layout optimization in the future is discussed from three aspects:Objective setting,improving modeling accuracy and optimization algorithms.Also,a new research point for fixture layout optimization is discussed.This paper systematically reviews the research on fixture layout optimization for thin-walled parts,and provides a reference for future research in this field.

Optimization of material removal strategy in milling of thin-walled parts

The optimal material removal strategy can improve a geometric accuracy and surface quality of thin-walled parts such as turbine blades and blisks in high-speed ball end milling.The dominant conception in the material removal represents the persistence of the workpiece cutting stiffness in operation to advance the machining accuracy and machining efficiency.On the basis of theoretical models of cutting stiffness and deformation,finite element method (FEM) is applied to calculate the virtual displacements of the thin-walled part under given virtual loads at the nodes of the discrete surface.With the reference of deformation distribution of the thin-walled part,the milling material removal strategy is optimized to make the best of bracing ability of still uncut material.This material removal method is summarized as the lower stiffness region removed firstly and the higher stiffness region removed next.Analytical and experimental results show the availability,which has been verified by the blade machining test in this work,for thin-walled parts to reduce cutting deformation and meliorate machining quality.

Initial residual stress experiment and simulation of thin-walled parts for layer removal method

Thin-walled parts have low stiffness characteristic. Initial residual stress of thin-walled blanks is an important influence factor on machining stability. The present work is to verify the feasibility of an initial residual stress measurement of layer removal method. According to initial residual stress experiment for casting ZL205 A aluminum alloy tapered thin-walled blank by a common method,namely hole-drilling method,three finite element models with initial residual stress are established to simulate the layer removal method in ABAQUS and ANSYS software. By analyzing the results of simulation and experiments,the cutting residual stress inlayer removal process has a significant effect on measurement results. Reducing cutting residual stress is helpful to improve accuracy of layer removal method.

Mapping relationship analysis of welding assembly properties for thin-walled parts with finite element and machine learning algorithm

The finite element(FE)-based simulation of welding characteristics was carried out to explore the relationship among welding assembly properties for the parallel T-shaped thin-walled parts of an antenna structure.The effects of welding direction,clamping,fixture release time,fixed constraints,and welding sequences on these properties were analyzed,and the mapping relationship among welding characteristics was thoroughly examined.Different machine learning algorithms,including the generalized regression neural network(GRNN),wavelet neural network(WNN),and fuzzy neural network(FNN),are used to predict the multiple welding properties of thin-walled parts to mirror their variation trend and verify the correctness of the mapping relationship.Compared with those from GRNN and WNN,the maximum mean relative errors for the predicted values of deformation,temperature,and residual stress with FNN were less than 4.8%,1.4%,and 4.4%,respectively.These results indicate that FNN generated the best predicted welding characteristics.Analysis under various welding conditions also shows a mapping relationship among welding deformation,temperature,and residual stress over a period of time.This finding further provides a paramount basis for the control of welding assembly errors of an antenna structure in the future.

A model of deformation of thin-wall surface parts during milling machining process

A three-dimensional finite element model was established for the milling of thin-walled parts. The physical model of the milling of the part was established using the AdvantEdge FEM software as the platform. The aluminum alloy impeller was designated as the object to be processed and the boundary conditions which met the actual machining were set. Through the solution, the physical quantities such as the three-way cutting force, the tool temperature, and the tool stress were obtained, and the calculation of the elastic deformation of the thin-walled blade of the free-form surface at the contact points between the tool and the workpiece was realized. The elastic deformation law of the thin-walled blade was then predicted. The results show that the maximum deviation between the predicted value and the actual measured machining value of the elastic deformation was 26.055 μm; the minimum deviation was 2.011 μm, with the average deviation being 10.154 μm. This shows that the prediction is in close agreement with the actual result.

Numerical simulation analysis for deformation deviation and experimental verification for an antenna thin-wall parts considering riveting assembly with finite element method

In the process of thin-wall parts assembly for an antenna,the parts assembly deformation deviation is occurring due to the riveting assembly.In view of the riveting assembly deformation problems,it can be analyzed through transient and static simulation.In this work,the theoretical deformation model for riveting assembly is established with round head rivet.The simulation analysis for riveting deformation is carried out with the riveting assembly piece including four rivets,which comparing with the measuring points experiment results of riveting test piece through dealing with the experimental data using the point coordinate transform method and the space line fitting method.Simultaneously,the deformation deviation of the overall thin-wall parts assembly structure is analyzed through finite element simulation;and its results are verified by the measuring experiment for riveting assembly with the deformation deviation of some key points on the thin-wall parts.Through the comparison analysis,it is shown that the simulation results agree well with the experimental results,which proves the correctness and effectiveness of the theoretical analysis,simulation results and the given experiment data processing method.Through the study on the riveting assembly for thin-wall parts,it will provide a theoretical foundation for improving thin-wall parts assembly quality of large antenna in future.

Welding thermal characteristics analysis with numerical simulation for thin-wall parts assembly under different conditions

In order to analyze the welding thermal characteristics problem,the multiscale finite element(FE)model of T-shape thin-wall assembly structure for different thicknesses and the heat source model are established to emphatically study their welding temperature distributions under different conditions.Simultaneously,different welding technology parameters and welding directions are taken into account,and the fillet weld for different welding parameters is employed on the thin-wall parts.Through comparison analysis,the results show that different welding directions,welding thicknesses and welding heat source parameters have a certain impact on the temperature distribution.Meanwhile,for the thin-wall assembly structure of the same thickness,when the heat source is moving,the greater the moving speed,the smaller the heating area,and the highest temperature will decrease.Therefore,the welding temperature field distribution can be altered by adjusting welding parameters,heat source parameters,welding thickness and welding direction,which is conducive to reducing welding deformation and choosing an appropriate and optimal welding thickness of thin-wall parts and relative welding process parameters,thus improving thin-wall welding structure assembly precision in the actual large-size welding structure assembly process in future.

PHYSICAL MODELLING OF ISOTHERMAL DIE FORGING PROCESS OF Ti-ALLOY STRUCTURAL AIR-FRAME PART WITH ETYPE CROSS-SECTION AND VARYING THICKNESS RIB

Isothermal flashless die forging process of Ti - alloy structural air - frame part with varying thickness rib has been modelled in this paper.The results of present study show that a upside - down trapezoid rib would be formed and buckling would occure as blank is reduced,if the thickness of billet is maller than or equal to the thickness of rib. During modelling process of structural air frame part with E type cross - section rib, the saddle or lap would be formed finally at the middle of transverse rib between ribs with increase in deformation.If metal is allowed to flow out at confluence of longitudinal and transverse rib, the lop defect would be eliminated,, but a pipe cavity is obvious on corresponding loca- tion of blank. of defect formation depends on distance of metal flow ,friction,temperature homoge- neity of the blank and complexity of the part.

Deformation Analysis and Fixture Design of Thin-walled Cylinder in Drilling Process Based on TRIZ Theory

Thin-walled cylindrical workpiece is easy to deform during machining and clamping processes due to the insufficient rigidi.Moreover,it’s also difficult to ensure the perpendicularity of flange holes during drilling process.In this paper,the element birth and death technique is used to obtain the axial deformation of the hole through finite element simulation.The measured value of the perpendicularity of the hole was compared with the simulated value to verify then the rationality of the simulation model.To reduce the perpendicularity error of the hole in the drilling process,the theory of inventive principle solution(TRIZ)was used to analyze the drilling process of thin-walled cylinder,and the corresponding fixture was developed to adjust the supporting surface height adaptively.Three different fixture supporting layout schemes were used for numerical simulation of drilling process,and the maximum,average and standard deviation of the axial deformation of the flange holes and their maximum hole perpendicularity errors were comparatively analyzed,and the optimal arrangement was optimized.The results show that the proposed deformation control strategy can effectively improve the drilling deformation of thin-walled cylindrical workpiece,thereby significantly improving the machining quality of the parts.

Relative Varying Dynamics Based Whole Cutting Process Optimization for Thin‑walled Parts

Thin-walled parts are typically difficult-to-cut components due to the complex dynamics in cutting process.The dynamics is variant for part during machining,but invariant for machine tool.The variation of the relative dynamics results in the difference of cutting stage division and cutting parameter selection.This paper develops a novel method for whole cutting process optimization based on the relative varying dynamic characteristic of machining system.A new strategy to distinguish cutting stages depending on the dominated dynamics during machining process is proposed,and a thickness-dependent model to predict the dynamics of part is developed.Optimal cutting parameters change with stages,which can be divided by the critical thickness of part.Based on the dynamics comparison between machine tool and thickness-varying part,the critical thicknesses are predicted by an iterative algorithm.The proposed method is validated by the machining of three benchmarks.Good agreements have been obtained between prediction and experimental results in terms of stages identification,meanwhile,the optimized parameters perform well during the whole cutting process.

Elliptical vibration cutting of large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron by using diamond tool with active cutting edge shift

Large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron are crucial in aerospace,national defense,energy and precision physical experiments.However,the high machining accuracy and surface quality are difficult to achieve due to the serious tool wear and deformation when machining the parts with conventional cutting tools.In this paper,an elliptical vibration cutting(EVC)with active cutting edge shift(ACES)based on a long arbor vibration device is proposed for ultraprecision machining the pure iron parts by using diamond tool.Compared with cutting at a fixed cutting edge,the influence of ACES on the EVC was analyzed.Experiments in EVC of pure iron with ACES were conducted.The evolutions of the surface roughness,surface topography,and chip morphology with tool wear in EVC with ACES are revealed.The reasonable parameters of ultraprecision machining the pure iron parts by EVC with ACES were determined.It shows that the ACES has a slight influence on the machined surface roughness and surface topography.The diamond tool life can be significantly prolonged in EVC of pure iron with ACES than that with a fixed cutting edge,so that high profile accuracy and surface quality could be obtained even at higher nominal cutting speed.A typical thin-walled curved surface pure iron part with diameter φ240 mm,height 122 mm,and wall thickness 2 mm was fabricated by the presented method,and its profile error and surface roughness achieved PV 2.2μm and Ra less than 50 nm,respectively.

U型框类零件双向拉深成形研究

针对U型框类零件成形质量不稳定、修整手工量大等问题,通过对零件结构的分析研究,借助CATIA对其进行了工艺补充面设计,并借助数值模拟对成形过程进行了仿真,研究了双向拉深成形工艺,设计了一种特有传力方式的双向拉深模具结构;选取凸凹模间隙、摩擦因数、压边力及拉深速度4个因素为优化变量,通过正交试验得出最优工艺参数组合,即压边力大小为30 kN、摩擦因数为0.1、凸凹模间隙为1.6 mm、拉深速度为6000 mm·s^(-1);最后针对拉深后回弹现象,对校正模进行了分析和设计并修整。生产试验表明,此模具结构可以很好地改善零件成形质量,提高效率并满足生产及设计要求。

大型精密回转滚筒的焊接结构设计及制造

介绍了大型放射治疗设备旋转机架中回转滚筒的受载特性及结构特点,分析了滚筒焊接结构设计的要求及难点,讨论了减小焊接变形及残余应力的方法。通过项目的实施验证,证明设计思路及工艺手段可以有效保证滚筒的焊接质量,对同类零件的设计制造具有一定借鉴作用。

复合材料零件固化成型框架式模具制造技术

复合材料热压罐成型框架式模具在航空、航天等领域得到大量应用,其制造方法和成本成为研究的热点。本文根据框架式模具的特点,利用多点成型技术,分析框架式模具典型结构和制造难点,提出了多点成型制造方法,给出了制造流程。该方法不仅提高了模具制造精度,缩短了制造周期,而且降低了制造成本,是一种值得推广的方法。

内爬式塔吊附墙架设计的研究

塔吊的安全在施工中至关重要,随着内爬式塔吊在高层结构施工中被广泛采用,设计安全、可靠并可以周转使用的附墙架是保障施工安全的重要前提。本文针对内爬式塔吊的附墙架设计,通过大量的计算分析,提出了附墙架本身和所附着的剪力墙的承载力验算方法。

双塔连体高层混合结构抗震性能研究

外钢框架-混凝土核心筒结构体系被认为是适合我国国情的高层建筑结构体系之一,我国已有多个采用这种结构体系的单塔楼工程实例,但对双塔连体高层混合结构的研究较少。本文针对上海国际设计中心不等高双塔连体混合结构,进行了7度多遇地震、基本烈度、罕遇地震和8度罕遇地震阶段的模拟地震振动台试验研究,得到了结构的破坏模式,并对模型结构和原型结构的动力反应进行了详细的分析,最后提出了此类结构设计的一些建议。研究表明,高位连体的竖向地震反应比较明显,设计中应适当考虑动力放大效应;在各水准地震作用下结构整体变形均呈现弯曲型;主塔楼核心筒在中震下可以保证"不坏",但结构小震下的层间位移略超过规范限值。

基于骨架树的机械零件三维模型检索方法

提出了一种基于骨架树进行机械零件三维模型检索的方法。检索分为两个阶段。第一阶段首先提取机械零件三维模型骨架,然后将骨架转换成骨架树并用邻接矩阵来描述骨架树的拓扑结构特征,通过比较邻接矩阵特征值之和迅速完成零件拓扑结构匹配,实现零件的初步筛选。将大量与待匹配模型拓扑结构差异较大的模型过滤掉,极大地减少了第二阶段的匹配计算量。第二阶段首先寻找匹配的骨架子树,其次在匹配子树的基础上搜索骨架枝匹配对,进而采用空间离散曲线的曲率和弗朗内特标架进行空间曲线相似性计算,得到整个骨架形状相似度。通过实例验证与试验分析,该方法快速有效,具有较高的准确性和良好的鲁棒性。

全三维模型驱动的复杂产品智能制造

为适应以现代飞机为代表的复杂产品对制造效率和质量提升的需求,综合生产数据和制造知识两类信息处理,提出了全三维模型驱动的智能制造模式。建立了全三维设计和制造模型的数字量定义、传递与控制模式,通过扩展承载内容提升模型的适用性,通过协同设计提升模型对工艺的适应性,从而用面向制造的全三维设计模型驱动制造的高效化;以工件模型的数字量传递提高制造效率,以考虑变形补偿的工艺模型控制制造的准确度,从而以面向工艺链的精确制造模型驱动制造的可控化;建立了制造知识的数字化表达、管理和集成应用模式,采用工艺领域知识的系统化建模对源头各异的制造知识进行集中分类存储,采用成熟度控制生产数据向知识的转化来实现企业知识的螺旋式上升以及工艺领域知识的表达和科学管理;以多层次的推理提高模型设计的效率和准确度,以XML的几何数据交换将智能设计工具与已有计算机辅助系统相集成,实现复杂外形零件数字量的快速、精确定义。结合飞机框肋零件的制造,说明了全三维模型驱动的智能制造过程。实例零件制造结果表明,该技术可一步达到成形精度要求、显著缩短制造周期,并可用于指导飞机各类零部件智能化制造系统的构建,促使制造活动由经验依赖的试错模式向智能化的高效高质量模式转变。

石板坡长江大桥钢混结合段局部应力分析

结合石板坡长江大桥的设计及施工特点,运用大型有限元软件ANSYS建立了石板坡大桥钢混结合段结构分析的空间有限元模型,钢箱梁用shell63壳单元模拟,混凝土箱梁用solid95实体单元模拟,预应力钢绞线用link8单元模拟,并采用约束方程模拟预应力筋和混凝土间的粘结作用。根据运营过程中的最不利荷载工况,分析了钢混结合段在4种工况下的应力状态,检验了设计的安全性与合理性。结果表明,除钢箱梁锚垫板下预应力管道支承钢板以及与混凝土箱梁结合面折角处存在应力集中现象、部分拉应力超出混凝土的抗拉强度外,结构总体受力合理,内部应力满足设计要求;鉴于钢混结合段的构造与受力都很复杂,建议在此部分的混凝土箱梁采用钢纤维混凝土作为加强措施。