Warm bending mechanism of extrados and intrados of large diameter thin-walled CP-Ti tubes

In order to develop the warming bending technology of the large diameter thin-walled（LDTW） commercial pure titanium alloy CP-Ti tubes, the warm bending mechanism of the extrados and intrados of LDTW CP-Ti tubes was researched. By EBSD analysis and Vickers hardness test, the changes of microstructure and strength of the tubes at different bending temperatures of 293, 423 and 573 K, were analyzed. The results show： 1） The extrados of the bent tube deforms mainly by slip, along with few twinning, and the preferred orientation is similar to that of the initial tube; the intrados of the bent tube experiences compression deformation mainly by {1 012} tensile twinning, and the twinning makes the preferred orientation of wall materials change sharply. 2） The Vickers hardness values of both the extrados and intrados of the samples after bending increase greatly; the Vickers hardness values of the intrados are much higher than those of the extrados, and Vickers hardness values of the RD-TD planes are always higher than those of the RD-LD planes, which are related to the different deformation mechanisms.

Effects of process parameters on numerical control bending process for large diameter thin-walled aluminum alloy tubes

Numerical control(NC) bending experiments with different process parameters were carried out for 5052O aluminum alloy tubes with outer diameter of 70 mm, wall thickness of 1.5 mm, and centerline bending radius of 105 mm. And the effects of process parameters on tube wall thinning and cross section distortion were investigated. Meanwhile, acceptable bending of the 5052O aluminum tubes was accomplished based on the above experiments. The results show that the effects of process parameters on bending process for large diameter thin-walled aluminum alloy tubes are similar to those for small diameter thin-walled tubes, but the forming quality of the large diameter thin-walled aluminum alloy tubes is much more sensitive to the process parameters and thus it is more difficult to form.

Forming Characteristics of Al-alloy Large-diameter Thin-walled Tubes in NC-bending Under Axial Compressive Loads

Tube thinning control without wrinkling occurring is a key problem urgently to be solved for improving the forming qualities in numerical control （NC） bending processes of large-diameter Al-alloy thin-walled tubes （AATTs）. It may be a way solving this problem to exert axial compression loads （ACL） on the tube end in the bending. Thus, this article establishes a three-dimensional （3D） elastic-plastic explicit finite element （FE） model for the bending under ACL and has its reliability verified. Through a multi-index orthogonal experiment design, a combination of process parameters, each expressed by a proper range, for this FE model is derived to overcome the compression instability on tube ends. By combining the FE model with a wrinkling energy prediction model, an in-depth study is conducted on the forming characteristics of large-diameter AATTs with small bending radii and it can be concluded that （1） The larger the tube diameters and the smaller the bending radii, the larger the induced tangent tension stress zones on tube intrados, by which the tube maximum tangent compression stress zones will be partitioned in the bending processes; thus, the smaller the ACL roles in decreasing thinning degrees and the larger the compression instability possibilities on tube ends. （2） The tube wrinkling possibilities under ACL are larger than without ACL acting in the earlier forming periods, and smaller in the later ones. （3） For the tubes with a size factor less than 80, the ACL roles in decreasing thinning degrees are stronger than in increasing wrinkling possibilities.

Forming limits under multi-index constraints in NC bending of aluminum alloy thin-walled tubes with large diameters

With increasing diameters of aluminum alloy thin-walled tubes (AATTs), the tube forming limits, i.e. the minimum bending factors, and their predictions under multi-index constraints including wrinkling, thinning and flattening have been being a key problem to be urgently solved for improving tube forming potential in numerical control (NC) bending processes of AATTs with large diameters. Thus in this paper, a search algorithm of the forming limits is put forward based on a 3D elastic-plastic finite element (FE) model and a wrinkling energy prediction model for the bending processes under axial compression loading (ACL) or not. This algorithm enables to be considered the effects of process parameter combinations including die, friction parameters on the multi-indices. Based on this algorithm, the forming limits of the different size tubes are obtained, and the roles of the process parameter combinations in enabling the limit bending processes are also revealed. The followings are found: the first, within the appropriate ranges of friction and clearances between the different dies and the tubes enabling the bending processes with smaller bending factors, the ACL enables the tube limit bending processes after a decrease of the mandrel ball thickness and diameters; then, without considering the effects of the tube geometry sizes on the tube constitutive equations, the forming limits will be decided by the limit thinning values for the tubes with diameters smaller than 80 mm, while the wrinkling for the tubes with diameters no less than 80 mm. The forming limits obtained from this algorithm are smaller than the analytical results, and reduced by 57.39%; the last, the roles of the process parameter combinations in enabling the limit bending processes are verified by experimental results.

Modeling of laser adjustment for large diameter tubes using robotic kinematic theories

Laser adjustment is a new technique that employs laser forming processes to align components along specific directions. To develop a laser adjustment solution with a minimal number of bends, herein, a new modeling and calculation method that uses robotic kinematic theories is introduced. A numerical example and the corresponding laser adjustment solution are presented. The simulation results suggest that a straight tube with a flange connector can be adjusted to match the corresponding connector with three bends. Finally, the simulation results were verified using experiments. The maximum deviation was approximately 0.4 mm and the deviation of the flange connector was smaller, showing that a good adjustment quality could be achieved using the specific adjustment solution.

用于风电钢塔筒的加劲钢管压弯性能试验研究

薄壁圆钢管广泛应用于风电机组锥筒型钢塔筒中,其在径厚比较大时易出现局部失稳,进而导致塔筒承载能力下降。该文提出了一种可用于风电钢塔筒的纵向加劲钢圆钢管结构形式,并进行了6个试件的压弯加载试验,以研究加劲肋形式及径厚比大小对加劲圆钢管压弯性能的影响。试验结果表明:在相同用钢量下,加劲肋有效改善了钢管的局部屈曲,改变了结构的破坏形态,增大了钢管的塑性发展程度,从而提升了钢管的承载力及延性,其中T型加劲肋的增强效果更为明显。并将试验模型与有限元建模进行对照,互相验证了准确性。最后使用现有设计标准对试验结果进行了初步评估,无加劲肋试件与各设计标准吻合良好,但现有计算方法低估了加劲试件的承载力。

连续管技术与装备在深层页岩气开发中的浅析

为了促进深层页岩气连续管技术进步,提高连续管装备在深层页岩气井的作业能力和安全水平,总结深层页岩气连续管作业技术与装备发展现状,调研深层页岩气连续管作业技术与装备面临的挑战;分析深层页岩气连续管作业技术与装备的发展需求,总结深层页岩气连续管作业技术与装备研究难点。基于此,提出了深层页岩气连续管作业技术与装备发展方向和研究建议,即配备大管径、超长下深能力连续管作业装备,推进延长下深技术发展,持续提升作业安全性,加强数字化连油建设及发挥辅助配套的作用等。同时提出了大管径、超长下深能力连续管作业装备的结构形式和现场作业流程,大管径、大容量滚筒的结构和作业模式,延长下深新作法、提升连续管作业安全性的具体措施和辅助配套的用法和配套要求,对深层页岩气连续管作业具有很强的指导意义。未来连续管应用需适应深层超深层、超长水平段、套管变形井等复杂井作业需求,是深层页岩气连续管作业技术与装备发展及现场应用的主要方向。

大直径钢筋混凝土顶管管周力学性能研究

为分析大直径钢筋混凝土顶管管周力学性能变化规律,文中以某综合管廊工程为依托,对大直径钢筋混凝土顶管管周压力特性、接触压力空间分布规律以及泥浆压力对顶进力的影响规律进行研究。结果表明,所有位置管周接触压力在15~250 kPa波动;所有位置的管周接触有效土压力基本集中在0~80 kPa,孔壁整体表现相对稳定。13号管节和16号管节对应位置的顶部接触压力波形性基本一致,接触压力值差距不大,即同步注浆区域轴向各管节对应部位的接触压力和泥浆压力变化规律基本一致。

大直径灌注桩桩身完整性综合判定及缺陷处理

桩身完整性是制约大直径灌注桩承载力发挥的关键因素之一。文中以闽东某工程为例,分析低应变法、声波透射法、钻芯法等特点,运用多种检测方法综合分析判定完整性类别,基于检测结果进行缺陷原因分析及处理。结果表明,在工程实践中,应综合运用多种检测方法分析缺陷在桩身横向和纵向的分布占比,并考虑缺陷的类型和严重程度,综合分析判定完整性类别,对于大直径灌注桩较深部位的局部缺陷,利用钻芯孔并采用双重管高压注浆法处理是可行、有效的。

小型水库长距离大管径沉管施工方法探究

以某小型水库沉管工程为背景,对长距离大管径沉管在小型水库中的施工方法进行了探讨,针对水域面积小导致的工作面有限、沉管所需起重能力大、起重船舶组织困难、水下河床土层地质较硬等问题,分别提出了采用沉管平台及更换液压振动锤等针对性解决措施。同时,探讨了沉管平台施工的管道托运、起吊、焊接、下沉等各关键节点的施工方法,解决了长距离大管径沉管在有限水域作业无法使用大型设备以及沉桩的难题,以期为同类型沉管施工提供参考。

上海银都路越江隧道工程总体设计

以上海银都路越江隧道工程为例,基于区域周边建设条件情况,通过对功能定位和服务对象的分析,结合交通流量预测结果论证工程车道规模,明确通道采用的主要技术标准,并重点对通道的总体方案、平纵横布置及关键节点设计等内容进行详细的分析。该隧道采用直径15 m双管双层超大直径盾构断面下穿黄浦江,可为同类水下盾构隧道设计提供借鉴。

大口径薄壁小弯曲半径数控弯管有限元建模和实验

针对大口径薄壁小弯曲半径管件在航空航天领域日益迫切的需求,在对数控弯曲过程的实验和理论分析基础上,选用动态显式有限元平台ABAQUS/Explicit,以50mm×1mm(外径×壁厚)系列不锈钢和铝合金大口径薄壁小弯曲半径管件为例,实现了包括弯管、抽芯、卸模回弹的完整的数控弯曲有限元模型的建立,结合实验研究对比讨论了大口径小弯曲半径管件弯曲过程建模的难点和解决方法。

大口径316L不锈钢管数控弯曲回弹规律研究

针对Φ123 mm×3.97 mm×350 mm规格的大口径316L厚壁不锈钢管,基于显/隐式弹塑性有限元仿真结合实验研究,对其数控弯曲卸载后的回弹现象进行了研究.采用单向拉伸试验和三维数字散斑动态应变测量方法获得了大口径316L不锈钢管大应变范围(真应变为49.02%)的力学性能参数,通过摩擦磨损实验获得管材316L不锈钢与45钢模具材料在不同压力和转速条件下的摩擦系数.基于ABAQUS平台,建立了大口径316L不锈钢管弯曲、抽芯、卸载回弹全过程数控弯曲有限元模型,并实验验证了所建模型的可靠性.研究表明,大口径316L不锈钢管回弹现象显著,在350 mm弯曲半径(相对弯曲半径D/t为2.846)条件下达到7.2°左右.芯棒伸出量e、芯球个数n和弯曲角度θ对卸载回弹有显著影响.

大尺寸薄壁钛合金筒体旋压成形质量影响因素

针对大尺寸薄壁TC4钛合金筒体旋压成形,分析了工件质量影响因素,并研究了旋压成形典型缺陷成形机理和控制方法。结果表明旋压道次和变形量对工件质量影响显著,旋压道次增多,变形量过大,工件精度降低;采用微扩径反旋、坯料分区温度控制等措施,可以有效解决旋压过程中易出现的壁厚和直径超差、反挤、鼓包等缺陷。

航空航天复杂曲面构件精密成形技术的研究进展

对于当前航空航天飞行器中广泛存在的金属复杂曲面构件的高性能发展需求,提出研发针对叶片类零件、大口径薄壁弯管以及复杂钣金构件的楔横轧短流程制坯、颗粒填料辅助推弯成形以及高能率冲击液压成形等精密成形技术,分别从工艺原理、设备、模具及典型零部件应用等方面对上述技术的研究进展进行阐述和介绍。

网架结构大直径螺栓球节点性能试验研究

近年来大直径高强度螺栓在网架结构螺栓球节点中的应用有增多的趋势。对由钢管、锥头、螺栓(M68～M90)、球体等组成的节点承载力进行试验研究,介绍了试验方法、评定准则、节点中各部件的受力性能、破坏特征等。研究表明钢管锥头是整个节点中的薄弱环节,容易沿径向开裂,强度明显低于钢管强度,壁厚不足、材料屈服强度偏低、锻造质量欠佳是锥头强度不足的原因;大多数螺栓承载力难以达到规定的检验要求;出现了球体孔内螺纹剪坏、螺栓被拔出的破坏现象。为了工程安全,网架结构大直径高强度螺栓球节点的设计和制造质量必须引起特别重视。

铝合金大口径薄壁管数控弯曲实验研究

铝合金大口径薄壁管小弯曲半径数控弯曲成形过程中更容易发生起皱、截面畸变和壁厚减薄等缺陷。文章根据成形缺陷产生的原因对弯管模具结构和设备装置进行了改进,包括模具内锁设计、紧凑型柔性芯棒、模具并紧杆和长内衬顶推。在此基础上,采用实验研究方法,对Φ70mm×1.5mm×105mm(外径×壁厚×弯曲半径)的大口径薄壁铝合金管数控弯曲成形质量及应变规律进行了分析,并研究了顶推装置在大口径薄壁铝合金管数控弯曲成形中的效用。

大径厚比超薄壁筒形件变薄旋压鼓形

应用于核电技术AP1000核主泵的屏蔽套属于大径厚比超薄壁筒形零件,制造精度要求极高。文章通过实验与数值模拟,研究Hastelloy C-276合金大径厚比超薄壁筒形零件变薄旋压,分析旋轮前筒坯的鼓形现象,得到了工艺参数对鼓形的影响规律,并提出了实现稳定旋压的工艺措施。

助推作用对大口径铝合金薄壁管数控弯曲壁厚减薄和回弹的影响

以有限元软件Dynaform为平台,建立了大口径薄壁管数控弯曲及回弹的有限元模型,分析了压块助推速度和压块与管子之间的摩擦系数对壁厚减薄和回弹角的影响规律。结果表明,压块与管子之间没有摩擦或者压块的助推速度为0.9、助推速度为1.0且压块和管子间摩擦系数为0.1的条件下,管子壁厚减薄超过航空标准中允许的最大减薄量0.4375mm。在压块的助推速度不变的条件下,压块与管子之间摩擦系数从0.1增加到0.3,能够有效地降低管外侧的壁厚减薄,但是回弹角也会明显增大。当压块与管子之间的摩擦系数为定值时,助推速度从1.0增加到1.2,对管外侧壁厚减薄的改善作用不大,回弹角没有明显变化。

工艺参数对大径厚比薄壁筒形件旋压成形质量的影响研究

内径偏差和壁厚偏差是评价筒形件旋压成形质量的重要指标。针对Hastelloy C276大径厚比薄壁筒形件,建立了三维弹塑性有限元模型,采用正交设计法安排试验,研究了减薄率、进给率、坯模间隙和芯模转数对反旋成形内径偏差和壁厚偏差的影响规律。研究表明:减薄率和进给率对成形质量影响显著,而坯模间隙和芯模转数影响相对较小。随着减薄率的增大,内径偏差和壁厚偏差增大;随着进给率的增大,内径偏差减小而壁厚偏差增大;随着坯模间隙的增大,内径偏差增大;随着芯模转速的增大,内径偏差先增大后减小。