Optimization of Fixture Number in Large Thin-Walled Parts Assembly Based on IPSO

There are lots of researches on fixture layout optimization for large thin-walled parts.Current researches focus on the positioning problem,i.e.,optimizing the positions of a constant number of fixtures.However,how to determine the number of fixtures is ignored.In most cases,the number of fixtures located on large thin-walled parts is determined based on engineering experience,which leads to huge fixture number and extra waste.Therefore,this paper constructs an optimization model to minimize the number of fixtures.The constraints are set in the optimization model to ensure that the part deformation is within the surface profile tolerance.In addition,the assembly gap between two parts is also controlled.To conduct the optimization,this paper develops an improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO)algorithm by integrating the shrinkage factor and adaptive inertia weight.In the algorithm,particles are encoded according to the fixture position.Each dimension of the particle is assigned to a sub-region by constraining the optional position range of each fixture to improve the optimization efficiency.Finally,a case study on ship curved panel assembly is provided to prove that our method can optimize the number of fixtures while meeting the assembly quality requirements.This research proposes a method to optimize the number of fixtures,which can reduce the number of fixtures and achieve deformation control at the same time.

Development of Fixture Layout Optimization for Thin-Walled Parts:A Review

An increasing number of researchers have researched fixture layout optimization for thin-walled part assembly during the past decades.However,few papers systematically review these researches.By analyzing existing literature,this paper summarizes the process of fixture layout optimization and the methods applied.The process of optimization is made up of optimization objective setting,assembly variation/deformation modeling,and fixture layout optimization.This paper makes a review of the fixture layout for thin-walled parts according to these three steps.First,two different kinds of optimization objectives are introduced.Researchers usually consider in-plane variations or out-of-plane deformations when designing objectives.Then,modeling methods for assembly variation and deformation are divided into two categories:Mechanism-based and data-based methods.Several common methods are discussed respectively.After that,optimization algorithms are reviewed systematically.There are two kinds of optimization algorithms:Traditional nonlinear programming and heuristic algorithms.Finally,discussions on the current situation are provided.The research direction of fixture layout optimization in the future is discussed from three aspects:Objective setting,improving modeling accuracy and optimization algorithms.Also,a new research point for fixture layout optimization is discussed.This paper systematically reviews the research on fixture layout optimization for thin-walled parts,and provides a reference for future research in this field.

Optimization of material removal strategy in milling of thin-walled parts

The optimal material removal strategy can improve a geometric accuracy and surface quality of thin-walled parts such as turbine blades and blisks in high-speed ball end milling.The dominant conception in the material removal represents the persistence of the workpiece cutting stiffness in operation to advance the machining accuracy and machining efficiency.On the basis of theoretical models of cutting stiffness and deformation,finite element method (FEM) is applied to calculate the virtual displacements of the thin-walled part under given virtual loads at the nodes of the discrete surface.With the reference of deformation distribution of the thin-walled part,the milling material removal strategy is optimized to make the best of bracing ability of still uncut material.This material removal method is summarized as the lower stiffness region removed firstly and the higher stiffness region removed next.Analytical and experimental results show the availability,which has been verified by the blade machining test in this work,for thin-walled parts to reduce cutting deformation and meliorate machining quality.

Initial residual stress experiment and simulation of thin-walled parts for layer removal method

Thin-walled parts have low stiffness characteristic. Initial residual stress of thin-walled blanks is an important influence factor on machining stability. The present work is to verify the feasibility of an initial residual stress measurement of layer removal method. According to initial residual stress experiment for casting ZL205 A aluminum alloy tapered thin-walled blank by a common method,namely hole-drilling method,three finite element models with initial residual stress are established to simulate the layer removal method in ABAQUS and ANSYS software. By analyzing the results of simulation and experiments,the cutting residual stress inlayer removal process has a significant effect on measurement results. Reducing cutting residual stress is helpful to improve accuracy of layer removal method.

Mapping relationship analysis of welding assembly properties for thin-walled parts with finite element and machine learning algorithm

The finite element(FE)-based simulation of welding characteristics was carried out to explore the relationship among welding assembly properties for the parallel T-shaped thin-walled parts of an antenna structure.The effects of welding direction,clamping,fixture release time,fixed constraints,and welding sequences on these properties were analyzed,and the mapping relationship among welding characteristics was thoroughly examined.Different machine learning algorithms,including the generalized regression neural network(GRNN),wavelet neural network(WNN),and fuzzy neural network(FNN),are used to predict the multiple welding properties of thin-walled parts to mirror their variation trend and verify the correctness of the mapping relationship.Compared with those from GRNN and WNN,the maximum mean relative errors for the predicted values of deformation,temperature,and residual stress with FNN were less than 4.8%,1.4%,and 4.4%,respectively.These results indicate that FNN generated the best predicted welding characteristics.Analysis under various welding conditions also shows a mapping relationship among welding deformation,temperature,and residual stress over a period of time.This finding further provides a paramount basis for the control of welding assembly errors of an antenna structure in the future.

A model of deformation of thin-wall surface parts during milling machining process

A three-dimensional finite element model was established for the milling of thin-walled parts. The physical model of the milling of the part was established using the AdvantEdge FEM software as the platform. The aluminum alloy impeller was designated as the object to be processed and the boundary conditions which met the actual machining were set. Through the solution, the physical quantities such as the three-way cutting force, the tool temperature, and the tool stress were obtained, and the calculation of the elastic deformation of the thin-walled blade of the free-form surface at the contact points between the tool and the workpiece was realized. The elastic deformation law of the thin-walled blade was then predicted. The results show that the maximum deviation between the predicted value and the actual measured machining value of the elastic deformation was 26.055 μm; the minimum deviation was 2.011 μm, with the average deviation being 10.154 μm. This shows that the prediction is in close agreement with the actual result.

Numerical simulation analysis for deformation deviation and experimental verification for an antenna thin-wall parts considering riveting assembly with finite element method

In the process of thin-wall parts assembly for an antenna,the parts assembly deformation deviation is occurring due to the riveting assembly.In view of the riveting assembly deformation problems,it can be analyzed through transient and static simulation.In this work,the theoretical deformation model for riveting assembly is established with round head rivet.The simulation analysis for riveting deformation is carried out with the riveting assembly piece including four rivets,which comparing with the measuring points experiment results of riveting test piece through dealing with the experimental data using the point coordinate transform method and the space line fitting method.Simultaneously,the deformation deviation of the overall thin-wall parts assembly structure is analyzed through finite element simulation;and its results are verified by the measuring experiment for riveting assembly with the deformation deviation of some key points on the thin-wall parts.Through the comparison analysis,it is shown that the simulation results agree well with the experimental results,which proves the correctness and effectiveness of the theoretical analysis,simulation results and the given experiment data processing method.Through the study on the riveting assembly for thin-wall parts,it will provide a theoretical foundation for improving thin-wall parts assembly quality of large antenna in future.

Welding thermal characteristics analysis with numerical simulation for thin-wall parts assembly under different conditions

In order to analyze the welding thermal characteristics problem,the multiscale finite element(FE)model of T-shape thin-wall assembly structure for different thicknesses and the heat source model are established to emphatically study their welding temperature distributions under different conditions.Simultaneously,different welding technology parameters and welding directions are taken into account,and the fillet weld for different welding parameters is employed on the thin-wall parts.Through comparison analysis,the results show that different welding directions,welding thicknesses and welding heat source parameters have a certain impact on the temperature distribution.Meanwhile,for the thin-wall assembly structure of the same thickness,when the heat source is moving,the greater the moving speed,the smaller the heating area,and the highest temperature will decrease.Therefore,the welding temperature field distribution can be altered by adjusting welding parameters,heat source parameters,welding thickness and welding direction,which is conducive to reducing welding deformation and choosing an appropriate and optimal welding thickness of thin-wall parts and relative welding process parameters,thus improving thin-wall welding structure assembly precision in the actual large-size welding structure assembly process in future.

Deformation Analysis and Fixture Design of Thin-walled Cylinder in Drilling Process Based on TRIZ Theory

Thin-walled cylindrical workpiece is easy to deform during machining and clamping processes due to the insufficient rigidi.Moreover,it’s also difficult to ensure the perpendicularity of flange holes during drilling process.In this paper,the element birth and death technique is used to obtain the axial deformation of the hole through finite element simulation.The measured value of the perpendicularity of the hole was compared with the simulated value to verify then the rationality of the simulation model.To reduce the perpendicularity error of the hole in the drilling process,the theory of inventive principle solution(TRIZ)was used to analyze the drilling process of thin-walled cylinder,and the corresponding fixture was developed to adjust the supporting surface height adaptively.Three different fixture supporting layout schemes were used for numerical simulation of drilling process,and the maximum,average and standard deviation of the axial deformation of the flange holes and their maximum hole perpendicularity errors were comparatively analyzed,and the optimal arrangement was optimized.The results show that the proposed deformation control strategy can effectively improve the drilling deformation of thin-walled cylindrical workpiece,thereby significantly improving the machining quality of the parts.

Relative Varying Dynamics Based Whole Cutting Process Optimization for Thin‑walled Parts

Thin-walled parts are typically difficult-to-cut components due to the complex dynamics in cutting process.The dynamics is variant for part during machining,but invariant for machine tool.The variation of the relative dynamics results in the difference of cutting stage division and cutting parameter selection.This paper develops a novel method for whole cutting process optimization based on the relative varying dynamic characteristic of machining system.A new strategy to distinguish cutting stages depending on the dominated dynamics during machining process is proposed,and a thickness-dependent model to predict the dynamics of part is developed.Optimal cutting parameters change with stages,which can be divided by the critical thickness of part.Based on the dynamics comparison between machine tool and thickness-varying part,the critical thicknesses are predicted by an iterative algorithm.The proposed method is validated by the machining of three benchmarks.Good agreements have been obtained between prediction and experimental results in terms of stages identification,meanwhile,the optimized parameters perform well during the whole cutting process.

Elliptical vibration cutting of large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron by using diamond tool with active cutting edge shift

Large-size thin-walled curved surface parts of pure iron are crucial in aerospace,national defense,energy and precision physical experiments.However,the high machining accuracy and surface quality are difficult to achieve due to the serious tool wear and deformation when machining the parts with conventional cutting tools.In this paper,an elliptical vibration cutting(EVC)with active cutting edge shift(ACES)based on a long arbor vibration device is proposed for ultraprecision machining the pure iron parts by using diamond tool.Compared with cutting at a fixed cutting edge,the influence of ACES on the EVC was analyzed.Experiments in EVC of pure iron with ACES were conducted.The evolutions of the surface roughness,surface topography,and chip morphology with tool wear in EVC with ACES are revealed.The reasonable parameters of ultraprecision machining the pure iron parts by EVC with ACES were determined.It shows that the ACES has a slight influence on the machined surface roughness and surface topography.The diamond tool life can be significantly prolonged in EVC of pure iron with ACES than that with a fixed cutting edge,so that high profile accuracy and surface quality could be obtained even at higher nominal cutting speed.A typical thin-walled curved surface pure iron part with diameter φ240 mm,height 122 mm,and wall thickness 2 mm was fabricated by the presented method,and its profile error and surface roughness achieved PV 2.2μm and Ra less than 50 nm,respectively.

T型件单边螺栓连接方钢管混凝土柱-钢梁框架抗震性能研究

为研究T型件单边螺栓连接方钢管混凝土柱-钢梁组合框架的抗震性能,设计了一榀由T型件与单边螺栓相连的1:2缩尺的组合框架,并通过拟静力加载试验对框架的承载能力、滞回性能、刚度退化、耗能能力和延性性能进行了分析,并与一榀T型件单边螺栓连接方钢管柱-钢梁框架进行了对比分析,结果表明:两试件滞回曲线均较为饱满,无明显捏缩,方钢管混凝土柱-钢梁组合框架要比方钢管柱-钢梁框架的承载力高,且初始刚度要高出19%,但其耗能能力和延性均有所降低,两试件加载后期承载力下降均较缓慢,且水平位移达到了层间位移角1/30,表明两试件均具有良好的抗震性。

筒形件错距旋压成形工艺参数优化

错距旋压成形过程高度非线性,特别是对于多目标优化问题,其工艺参数与目标函数之间的关系一般很难用精确的数学函数表达。该文基于正交试验,以旋压件椭圆度、直线度、壁厚偏差为评价指标,选择旋压进给比、总减薄率、轴向错距为试验因素,获得16组正交试验数据。采用灰色关联度方法对所构造的正交试验数据进行分析处理,将多目标优化问题转化为单目标优化问题;应用支持向量机网络回归模型,并结合遗传算法对错距旋压过程进行寻优,获得了优化的20钢筒形件错距旋压成形工艺参数。试验结果表明,所获得的优化工艺参数可有效提高旋压制件的成形质量。

扩径率和重叠量对机械扩径制品品质的影响

通过有限元数值模拟和实验 ,研究了扩径率和重叠量对制品品质的影响及其规律。结果表明 ,扩径率是影响制品横断面尺寸精度的一个主要因素。制品的椭圆度近似为扩径率的三次函数 ,且在 2 0 %附近有最小值 ;壁厚局部变薄量可以近似表示为扩径率的线性函数。

航空导管先进成形技术的研究进展

针对航空领域对轻量化高性能复杂导管先进制造的迫切要求,系统综述了航空导管精确弯曲成形技术以及多通类导管精确成形技术。航空导管的弯曲技术主要包括常规导管的数控绕弯成形技术、三维导管的自由弯曲成形技术以及超小弯曲半径导管的充液剪切成形技术;多通类导管先进成形技术主要包括液压胀形技术以及T‐Drill成形技术。本文从工艺原理、技术优势、发展趋势等方面对航空导管技术进行了系统的阐述和介绍。

管件外压成形的数值模拟及屈曲特征分析

对采用液体介质在管坯外部施加压力,使坯料横截面缩小并成形到置于其内部的芯模上的外压成形方法进行了有限元数值模拟研究.分析了影响管件屈曲变形特征和成形过程的主要因素.研究表明:随着管坯长度的增加,环向屈曲波数减少,临界屈曲压力降低;随着管坯厚度的增加,环向屈曲波数减少,临界屈曲压力升高;带有一定不圆缺陷的管坯的临界屈曲压力与理想管坯相比降低很多,但在成形后期对壁厚和成形效果无明显影响.

双轴柔性滚弯技术的实验研究

提出了双轴柔性滚弯管状零件的概念，介绍了采用聚氨酯轮的柔性滚弯装置并分析了其工作原理和特性，对双轴滚弯技术进行了比较系统的基础工艺研究，得出了工件直径和刚性轴直径及其轴间进给量之间的经验关系。结果表明，存在一临界进给量，当进给超出该值后工件直径不再随进给量的增大而减小，从而达到一个极限尺寸，同时该极限尺寸和刚性轴的直径成正比。文末对该技术应用中的关键问题进行了讨论，为该技术的实际应用奠定了理论基础。

内高压成形技术研究与应用新进展

介绍近年来在内高压成形机理、工艺、设备和应用方面的最新进展。针对大截面差管件,弯曲轴线异型截面构件和枝杈管3类工艺,给出典型零件缺陷形式、形状精度、壁厚分布和工艺参数的影响。详细介绍了皱纹控制与利用,降低整形压力的方法和内压与轴向力耦合作用下管材的塑性失稳起皱分析。最后给出了研制的典型内高压成形件及在汽车、航天、航空中的应用。

双轴柔性滚弯技术的有限元分析

利用有限元软件 ANSYS建立了双轴柔性滚弯技术的分析模型 ,成功模拟了工件滚弯成形和回弹的实际过程。利用有限元计算结果 ,对影响工件回弹成形的参数进行了分析研究 ,验证了实验中得出的柔性滚弯技术的重要特征。与实验结果对比 ,本文有限元分析具有较高的精度 。

加载条件对内高压成形管件尺寸精度的影响

为了研究内高压成形管件横截面尺寸变化规律,获得管件横截面尺寸精度的调控方法,采用内高压成形实验研究了内压和合模力加载条件对低碳钢变径管直径尺寸精度的影响规律。结果表明:随着内压从60 MPa增加到210 MPa,变径管直径逐渐增加,卸压出模后管件发生0.045%~0.075%的回弹,当内压为150 MPa时,获得的管件直径尺寸精度最高。随着合模力增加,变径管水平方向的直径尺寸逐渐增大,竖直方向的直径尺寸逐渐减小,横截面不圆度增大,导致尺寸精度降低。因此,在内高压成形中,可通过增加模具尺寸或采用可变合模力加载以降低合模力对管件横截面尺寸精度的影响,也可通过控制内压使模具弹性变形量恰好等于管件回弹量,从而使管件最终直径尺寸等于设计值,以保证管件的横截面尺寸精度。