A Study of Washback Effect on Nautical English for Second Mate and Third Mate

The impacts of testing on teaching and learning are called backwash effect which can be divided into positive effect and negative one.Nautical English test aims to assess students' English competence by means of the Examination of Seafarers for Competency Certificate.This is an important nationwide testing and is bound to exert effects on nautical English teaching and learning.This study investigates nautical English teachers and examinees through questionnaire and interview to have a general understanding of how they evaluate it,as well as what effects the testing have on teaching and learning.

大学的一个神话:第三部门理念的兴起与展望

大学精神即人类理性精神。作为文化传承与知识创新的大本营 ,大学的独立与超然被视为理所当然却又难以企及。第三部门理念有可能激发起变革高等教育体制的热情与期待 ,但经费来源的二元化并不能摆脱“代理人”的角色困境 ,中国大学能否成为政府或企业的“合作伙伴” ,最终仍取决于国家意志。

浅谈新任职自由三副船员上船工作注意事项

新任职的自由三副船员一般从学校毕业不久,工作资历较浅,缺乏上船经验,没有专门的公司对其管理培训,往往出现各种问题。上船时容易被骗,船上工作中容易出现纰漏,航行值班时心理压力大,不能很快的适应新工作。文中通过总结初次上船时的一些经验,供即将任职三副的自由船员参考。