Research on Open-circuit Fault Tolerant Control of Six-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Based on Fifth Harmonic Current Injection

This paper proposes a novel control approach for fault-tolerant control of dual three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) under one-phase open-circuit fault.A modified six-phase static coordinate transformation matrix and an extended rotating coordinate transformation matrix are investigated considering the influence of the fifth harmonic space on fault-tolerant control. These mathematical models are further analyzed in the fundamental space and the fifth harmonic space after the fault and to eliminate the coupling between the d-q axis voltage equation in the fundamental wave space and the d-q axis voltage equation in the fifth harmonic space, a secondary rotation coordinate transformation matrix is proposed. To achieve the purpose of reducing torque ripple, the fault-tolerant control method proposed in this paper not only takes the minimum copper loss as the constraint condition, but also injects the fifth harmonic current. The experimental result of current and torque is used to verify the accuracy of fault-tolerant control.

Rectifier Configurations Based on Harmonic Injecting and Counteracting Principle

谐波注入抵消方法能有效地抵消无源单相整流装置所引起的电流谐波，本文在分析这种方法原理的基础上，提出几种结构非常简单的低谐波整流装置．此外，本文还针对多个单相整流装置同时并联运行情况，探讨了用附加无源网络实现谐波的统一补偿．

Spectral shift of solid high-order harmonics from different channels in a combined laser field

We investigate theoretically the spectral shift of the high-order harmonic generation(HHG)in ZnO driven by a combined laser field by solving the two-band semiconductor Bloch equations(SBEs)in the velocity gauge.The combined laser field is synthesized by a fundamental laser pulse and its seventh-frequency laser pulse.When the seventh-frequency laser pulse is added to the rising or falling parts of the fundamental laser field,we find that the spectral blueshift or redshift appears,which is due to the unequal contribution of the rising and falling parts in the fundamental laser field to the harmonics.By analyzing the time-dependent conduction band population in k space,we found that,in addition to the tunneling ionization channel,there is also the resonant electron injection channels which is induced by the seventh-frequency laser pulse.The harmonics generated by the different channels show the spectral redshift or the spectral blueshift,respectively.Through analyzing the k-integrated transient conduction band population of the electrons from different channels,we found that if there is a certain delay in the process of the electron excitation,it will lead to the delay in the harmonic emission,which results in the spectral redshift of the harmonics.

A SINGLE-CAVITY MULTIPLE-DEVICE HARMONIC OSCILLATOR AT W-BAND

The equivalent circuit of single-cavity multiple-device fundamentaloscillator(SCMDFO)and that of single-device harmonic oscillator(SDHO)proposed byK.Kurokawa and K.Solbach,respectively,are extended and applied to a single-cavitymultiple-device harmonic oscillator(SCMDHO).By means of describing the functions ofnonlinearity of Gunn diodes,the performances of the SCMDHO are analyzed.It is foundthat the voltage amplitudes are similar to those of SDHO,and the ratio of maximum pow-er of harmonic to that of fundamental is identical to that in SDHO when the devices havesame parameters.The harmonic injection locking behavior is also investigated.The injec-tion locking range is greater than that of SDHO if locking gain remains constant.A2-Gunn diode harmonic oscillator was designed.It delivers 30mW output power at103GHz.The mechanical tuning range is 4.15GHz when the output power remains morethan 10mW.The desired operation mode is stable.

A chip-scale second-harmonic source via self-injection-locked all-optical poling

Second-harmonic generation allows for coherently bridging distant regions of the optical spectrum,with applications ranging from laser technology to self-referencing of frequency combs.However,accessing the nonlinear response of a medium typically requires high-power bulk sources,specific nonlinear crystals,and complex optical setups,hindering the path toward large-scale integration.Here we address all of these issues by engineering a chip-scale second-harmonic(SH)source based on the frequency doubling of a semiconductor laser self-injection-locked to a silicon nitride microresonator.The injection-locking mechanism,combined with a high-Q microresonator,results in an ultra-narrow intrinsic linewidth at the fundamental harmonic frequency as small as 41 Hz.Owing to the extreme resonant field enhancement,quasi-phase-matched second-order nonlinearity is photoinduced through the coherent photogalvanic effect and the high coherence is mapped on the generated SH field.We show how such optical poling technique can be engineered to provide efficient SH generation across the whole C and L telecom bands,in a reconfigurable fashion,overcoming the need for poling electrodes.Our device operates with milliwatt-level pumping and outputs SH power exceeding 2 mW,for an efficiency as high as 280%/W under electrical driving.Our findings suggest that standalone,highly-coherent,and efficient SH sources can be integrated in current silicon nitride photonics,unlocking the potential of x(2)processes in the next generation of integrated photonic devices.

单级三相谐波电流注入可升降压AC/DC变换器

为适应电动车充电电压宽范围变化需求,本文针对传统充电桩前级整流器拓扑开展研究,提出一种新式单级三相AC/DC变换器。该变换器集成了三相桥式不控整流电路与Cuk模块,为降低输入侧电流谐波分量,选用双向开关管构建谐波电流回馈通路,整体构造成单级式拓扑结构。文章阐述了变换器的电路结构及工作模态,通过建立变换器的等效模型推导出电压增益。变换器通过简单的控制逻辑即可实现正弦输入电流并拥有高功率因数。最后通过搭建变换器数字控制实验平台验证了所提变换器的可行性。

基于改进同步解调方式的三级式同步电机无位置传感器起动控制

针对航空三级式同步电机起动控制中存在的转子位置信息获取困难问题,在励磁电压高频谐波自注入方法分析的基础上,该文基于同步解调的基本思路,提出了一种无需极性判断和励磁电流采样环节的同步解耦信号生成方式,并根据主发电机中响应电压谐波的频谱特性设计了位置误差信息提取的精准谐波消除滤波器,可以降低转子位置估计闭环系统的阶次,增强系统的稳定性以适应更宽的转速范围。最后通过仿真和实验证明了所述改进同步解调方法能够实现高精度和宽转速范围的三级式同步电机无位置传感器起动控制。

基于谐波注入法的差分式非接触电压测量

当前基于电容耦合的传感器尚无有效、便捷的耦合电容动态校准方法,影响测量精度。因此,提出了基于谐波注入的差分式非接触电压测量方法,首先,利用感应探头与跨阻运算放大器将基频信号引入测量系统;其次,通过屏蔽罩,减小外界杂散电容变化带来的干扰,改进探头并引入差分式电路结构,消除运放输入电容的影响;再次,对测量电路注入谐波,并利用离散傅里叶变换(discrete Fourier transformation,DFT)实现对响应信号中基波信号与谐波信号的提取,通过计算谐波源与谐波响应信号的比值,求解出耦合电容参数,实现其动态校准;最后,将校准的电容参数代入基波方程,实现基波电压信号的测量。通过仿真结果表明,所提的测量方法可在10 kV的应用场景中满足对变化的耦合电容校正要求,且最大的电压测量误差小于0.4%。

谐波注入法降低永磁同步电机的转矩脉动

为了抑制永磁同步电机的转矩脉动,提高电机运行的稳定性,基于多种软件联合仿真的方法,提出了多同步旋转坐标系的主动谐波注入法来提高永磁同步电机运行的稳定性的方案。首先,建立了永磁同步电机的谐波数学模型,对各阶次谐波下的谐波状态方程进行完善;其次,基于现代控制理论的相关理论,通过采用PI控制器来追踪高次谐波的电流反馈环的方法,提取与注入了高次谐波;最后,采用多个软件联合仿真的方法,对永磁同步电机在整个控制系统的性能进行了分析。分析结果表明,通过反馈与前馈高次谐波注入,使得电机的转矩脉动从12.8%降低到了3.3%,从而说明所提出的方案达到了抑制永磁同步电机的转矩脉动的目的。

高压大容量混合型MMC半桥子模块下部IGBT损耗优化方法

模块化多电平换流器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)存在器件损耗分布不均的问题,尤其是在逆变工况下,半桥子模块下部绝缘栅双极晶体管(insulated gate bipolar transistor,IGBT)损耗远高于其他器件,导致其热应力与故障率均较高,是制约高压大容量换流器可靠运行的关键因素之一。为此,文中提出一种混合型MMC器件损耗分布优化方法。首先,计算混合型MMC中各器件的损耗,分析器件损耗的分布特性。其次,分析电容电压对器件损耗的影响规律,明确降低半桥子模块电容电压可减少其下部IGBT的损耗。然后,在不影响换流器外输出特性的前提下,提出计及三次谐波电压注入及桥臂输出电压指令值差异化分配的控制策略,通过最大程度降低半桥子模块电容电压,减少其下部IGBT损耗。最后,开展MATLAB/Simulink和PLECS的联合仿真以及MMC样机实验,仿真及实验结果验证了所提方法可以改善混合型MMC损耗分布不均的问题,有利于提高换流器的整体可靠性。

基于混合谐波注入的潜水感应电机电磁噪声削弱

针对感应电机在变频供电时会在绕组中产生时间谐波而导致电机的电磁振动和噪声增大的问题,提出了一种采用混合谐波注入的改进型正弦脉宽调制控制策略。以一台1120 kW的潜水感应电机为研究对象,通过对电机进行3、9次混合谐波注入,削弱了电压的调制波和载波谐波及其边带谐波分量,从而降低了电机的振动和噪声。对3、9次混合谐波注入方法中的谐波占比系数进行优化,进一步强化了对边带谐波的削弱效果,整体降低了电机噪声。最后通过对采用混合谐波注入方法的电机与优化前的常规电机进行铁耗、铜耗等方面的性能对比,验证了所提策略在不影响电机的基本性能的前提下,有效削弱了电机的电磁噪声。

基于无源电压纹波注入的24脉航空交直流变换器

针对航空线性交流直流变换拓扑输入侧电流谐波含量高的问题,本文提出一种基于无源电压纹波注入单元的多脉波航空变压整流器,它由12脉变压器、2组整流桥、1个平衡电抗器和无源电压纹波注入单元组成。结合平衡电抗器和无源电压纹波注入单元,该拓扑利用12脉变压器和2组整流桥实现了24脉波直流输出。本文详细描述了基于纹波电压极性,通过等比例交替调整2组整流桥输出电压矢量幅值,形成新的输出电压矢量,达到脉波倍增的过程;推导了相关表达式。本文对提出的变压整流器的工作模式、等效容量、源侧谐波含量等展开了详细分析;研制了样机,并通过实验研究验证了拓扑的可行性和正确性。

考虑故障归一化的五相永磁电机低转矩脉动容错控制

五相永磁电机具有功率密度高、容错能力强的优点,能够满足多电/全电飞机高可靠作动器的应用要求。针对五相永磁电机不同类型的故障,提出一种故障归一化的低转矩脉动容错控制方法。建立了五相永磁电机不同类型故障下的降阶解耦矩阵和故障电机数学模型,剖析了五相永磁电机开路故障时二次、四次谐波转矩脉动产生的机理,提出基于双谐振控制器的谐波注入算法。同时,提出了基于转子位置的旋转变换方法,将15种不同的相绕组开路故障归一化为3种类型的故障,简化了容错控制算法。实验结果验证了该容错控制策略能有效降低五相永磁电机容错运行时的转矩脉动,提高控制系统的可靠性。

一种基于同步策略的方波谐波注入振动噪声抑制方法

针对永磁同步电机传统谐波注入方法抑制振动噪声过程中,注入谐波电流频率在奈奎斯特频率附近时存在的频率混叠问题,文章提出了一种基于同步策略的方波谐波注入振动噪声抑制优化方法。首先分析永磁同步电机噪声问题,并对传统谐波注入方法的抑制机理、控制标定以及频率混叠现象进行了介绍;其次阐述了同步策略优化方法的实现原理,即保持逆变器开关频率与注入方波谐波电流频率同步变化,实现谐波电流幅值提升与阶次固定;最后通过试验对比,同步策略优化方法能够有效地改善频率混叠现象,48阶噪声平均降低6.4 dB,96阶噪声平均降低5.6 dB,均优于传统谐波注入方法。

Coordinated control of power loss and capacitor voltage ripple reduction for AC voltage boosted FBSM MMC with second harmonic circulating current injection

Reducing the converter loss,sub-module voltage ripple and handling DC short-circuit faults in high-voltage direct current systems are crucial for the economical and reliable operation of modular multilevel converters(MMCs).This study proposes a coordinated control method of power loss reduction and capacitor voltage balancing for AC voltage boosted full-bridge sub-module(FBSM)-MMC by controlling the second harmonic component in the circulating current.The relationship between converter loss and second harmonic circulating current(SHCC)is firstly derived for AC voltage boosted FBSM-MMC.From the analysis,it can be seen that the converter loss and ripple can be optimised by injecting the SHCC into the arm current when compared with SHCC elimination.Simulation results of an AC voltage boosted FBSM-MMC with typical parameters using PSCAD/EMTDC confirm the feasibility and validity of the proposed loss and ripple reduction method.

Unvoiced/voiced classification and voiced harmonic parameters estimation using the third-order statistics

Unvoiced/voiced classification of speech is a challenging problem especially under conditions of low signal-to-noise ratio or the non-white-stationary noise environment. To solve this problem, an algorithm for speech classification, and a technique for the estimation of palrwise magnitude frequency in voiced speech am proposed. By using third order spectrum of speech signal to remove noise, in this algorithm the least spectrum difference to get refined pitch and the max harmonic number is given. And this algorithm utilizes spectral envelope to estimate signal-to-noise ratio of speech harmonics. Speech classification, voicing probability, and harmonic parameters of the voiced frame can be obtained. Simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm, under complicated background noise, especially Gaussian noise, can effectively classify speech in high accuracy for voicing probability and the voiced parameters.

Nonlinear optics in the electron-hole continuum in 2D semiconductors:two-photon transition, second harmonic generation and valley current injection

We investigate two-photon transitions to the electron-hole scattering continuum in monolayer transition-metal dichalcogenides, and identify two contributions to this nonlinear optical process with opposite circularly polarized valley selection rules. In the non-interacting limit, the competition between the two contributions leads to a crossover of the selection rule with the increase of the two-photon energy. With the strong Coulomb interaction between the electron and hole, the two contributions excite electron-hole scattering states in orthogonal angular momentum channels, while the strength of the transition can be substantially enhanced by the interaction. Based on this picture of the two-photon transition, the second harmonic generation(SHG) in the electron-hole continuum is analyzed, where the Coulomb interaction is shown to greatly alter the relative strength of different cross-circular polarized SHG processes. Valley current injection by the quantum interference of one-photon and two-photon transition is also investigated in the presence of the strong Coulomb interaction, which significantly enhances the injection rate.

Effective generation of optical quadruple frequency millimeter-wave based on fiber laser using injection rational harmonic mode-locked technique

A method to generate the optical quadruple frequency millimeter-wave with high power efficiency is pro- posed and demonstrated based on the combination of the injection 2nd-order rational harmonic mode- locked fiber ring laser technique and the fiber grating notch filter. In this approach, the fiber Bragg grating notch filter is inserted into the laser cavity to prevent the undesired optical carrier, so that the pump power can be converted to 2nd-order harmonic wave more efficiently. In our experiment, the power efficiency of optical quadruple frequency millimeter-wave （40 GHz） generation is ten folds of that of our previous method based only on the rational harmonic mode-locked technique.

注入谐波电流的长初级双边直线感应电机推力波动优化研究

长初级双边直线感应电机(DLIM)的端部效应会引起推力波动,影响电机稳定运行。为降低电机推力波动,采用注入谐波电流方法抑制纵向端部效应引起的两倍滑差频率的推力波动,推导出注入谐波电流后电机气隙磁密和电磁推力的解析表达式。求解出使推力波动分量的合成结果为0时,应注入谐波电流频率、相位、幅值的表达式,并分析注入谐波电流对气隙磁密、推力特性的影响。最后建立长初级双边直线感应电机的有限元模型,仿真计算注入谐波电流的相关参数,分析比较注入谐波电流前后气隙磁密和推力特性,并将仿真结果与解析计算结果对比,二者具有很高的一致性。结果表明注入谐波电流可大幅降低推力波动,为长初级双边直线感应电机推力波动的优化研究提供理论依据。

基于谐波信号注入的含逆变型分布式电源配电网电流差动保护

随着逆变型分布式电源(IIDG)高比例、灵活接入,传统的保护原理逐渐难以满足配电网的安全运行要求。与此同时,基于电力电子设备的主动探测思想提供了新思路。为此,充分利用电压源换流器的可控性,提出了适用于IIDG的谐波信号主动注入方法及其控制参数选取原则。然后,分析含T接IIDG配电网在区内外故障后所呈现的谐波电流故障特征,并揭示T接负荷分支对上述特征的影响规律,进而提出了一种基于谐波信号主动注入的含高比例IIDG配电网电流差动保护方案。最后,通过PSCAD/EMTDC仿真验证了所提方法的动作性能。测试结果表明,当存在T接分支时,所提方法仍能有效识别区内外故障,且无需额外的信号注入设备,经济性较好。