A new higher-order shear deformation theory and refined beam element of composite laminates

A new higher-order shear deformation theory based on global-local superposition technique is developed. The theory satisfies the free surface conditions and the geometric and stress continuity conditions at interfaces. The global displacement components are of the Reddy theory and local components are of the internal first to third-order terms in each layer. A two-node beam element based on this theory is proposed. The solutions are compared with 3D-elasticity solutions. Numerical results show that present beam element has higher computational efficiency and higher accuracy.

Layerwise third-order shear deformation theory with transverse shear stress continuity for piezolaminated plates

Regarding laminated structures,an electromechanically coupled Finite Element(FE)model based on Layerwise Third-Order Shear Deformation(LW-TOSD)theory is proposed for sta-tic and dynamic analysis.LW-TOSD ensures the continuity of in-plane displacements and trans-verse shear stresses.The current LW-TOSD can be applied to arbitrary multi-layer laminated structures with only seven Degrees of Freedom(DOFs)for each element node and eliminates the use of the shear correction factors.Moreover,a shear penalty stiffness matrix is constructed to sat-isfy artificial constraints to optimize the structural shear strain.A dynamic finite element model is obtained based on LW-TOSD using the Hamilton's principle.First,the accuracy of the current model is validated by comparing with literature and ABAQUS results.Then,this study carries out numerical investigations of piezolaminated structures for different width-to-thickness ratios,length-to-width ratios,penalty stiffness matrix,boundary conditions,electric fields and dynamics.

On well-posedness of two-phase nonlocal integral models for higher-order refined shear deformation beams

Due to the conflict between equilibrium and constitutive requirements,Eringen’s strain-driven nonlocal integral model is not applicable to nanostructures of engineering interest.As an alternative,the stress-driven model has been recently developed.In this paper,for higher-order shear deformation beams,the ill-posed issue(i.e.,excessive mandatory boundary conditions(BCs)cannot be met simultaneously)exists not only in strain-driven nonlocal models but also in stress-driven ones.The well-posedness of both the strain-and stress-driven two-phase nonlocal(TPN-Strain D and TPN-Stress D)models is pertinently evidenced by formulating the static bending of curved beams made of functionally graded(FG)materials.The two-phase nonlocal integral constitutive relation is equivalent to a differential law equipped with two restriction conditions.By using the generalized differential quadrature method(GDQM),the coupling governing equations are solved numerically.The results show that the two-phase models can predict consistent scale-effects under different supported and loading conditions.

Vibration and Instability of Third⁃Order Shear Deformable FGM Sandwich Cylindrical Shells Conveying Fluid

The vibration and instability of functionally graded material(FGM)sandwich cylindrical shells conveying fluid are investigated.The Navier-Stokes relation is used to describe the fluid pressure acting on the FGM sandwich shells.Based on the third-order shear deformation shell theory,the governing equations of the system are derived by using the Hamilton’s principle.To check the validity of the present analysis,the results are compared with those in previous studies for the special cases.Results manifest that the natural frequency of the fluid-conveying FGM sandwich shells increases with the rise of the core-to-thickness ratio and power-law exponent,while decreases with the rise of fluid density,radius-to-thickness ratio and length-to-radius ratio.The fluid-conveying FGM sandwich shells lose stability when the non-dimensional flow velocity falls in 2.1-2.5,which should be avoided in engineering application.

Nonlinear dynamics of angle-ply composite laminated thin plate with third-order shear deformation

An asymptotic perturbation method is presented based on the Fourier expansion and temporal rescaling to investigate the nonlinear oscillations and chaotic dynamics of a simply supported angle-ply composite laminated rectangular thin plate with parametric and external excitations.According to the Reddy's third-order plate theory,the governing equations of motion for the angle-ply composite laminated rectangular thin plate are derived by using the Hamilton's principle.Then,the Galerkin procedure is applied to the partial differential governing equation to obtain a two-degrees-of-freedom nonlinear system including the quadratic and cubic nonlinear terms.Such equations are utilized to deal with the resonant case of 1:1 internal resonance and primary parametric resonance-1/2 subharmonic resonance.Furthermore,the stability analysis is given for the steady-state solutions of the averaged equation.Based on the averaged equation obtained by the asymptotic perturbation method,the phase portrait and power spectrum are used to analyze the multi-pulse chaotic motions of the angle-ply composite laminated rectangular thin plate.Under certain conditions the various chaotic motions of the angle-ply composite laminated rectangular thin plate are found.

基于n阶剪切变形理论的表面梯度脱碳汽车前轴弯曲分析

汽车前轴在热锻和热处理过程中,材料的表面会发生一定深度的脱碳,脱碳层的力学性能随脱碳深度呈梯度变化,影响了前轴在载荷下的弯曲性能。利用分段函数构建两侧表面功能梯度变化、内部性能均匀的简支夹芯梁,根据n阶剪切变形理论研究梁在两点载荷作用下的弯曲行为。利用虚功原理推导出位移场控制方程,采用Navier解析方法得到简支边界条件下梁的弯曲行为,并与相关文献中的实例进行比较。结果表明:n阶剪切变形理论具有良好的精度与可靠性;梁的挠度与转角随脱碳指数k的增大而增大,并于k≈10处达到准稳态;脱碳深度大于5 mm时,脱碳层厚度对梁弯曲时产生应力的影响比梁的高度变化带来的影响更大;两侧脱碳深度不对称时,物理中性面发生迁移;梁的弯曲挠度与转角随梁的厚度、宽度的增大而减小,但梁的厚度变化的影响更大。

双参数弹性基功能梯度圆柱管自由振动的高阶梁理论解

基于高阶剪切变形梁理论,推导了Winkler-Pasternak弹性基径向功能梯度空心圆柱管自由振动行为的控制方程。该方法无须引入剪切修正系数,自动满足空心圆柱管内外表面剪应力自由边界条件。通过引入辅助函数,将关于挠度和转角的耦合控制方程化为单一高阶微分控制方程。给出了典型边界条件下功能梯度空心圆柱管的频率和振型。将计算结果与已有文献结果对比,验证了所提理论的精度。可以为工程中常见的Winkler-Pasternak弹性基梁结构提供更高精度的一维弹性理论解,研究结果表明,功能梯度材料的梯度参数和弹性地基刚度系数对固有频率值影响显著。与高阶固有频率相比,刚度系数对低阶固有频率的影响更加明显。

高阶剪切变形理论下Pasternak地基上FG-CNTRC梁自由振动及屈曲分析

功能梯度碳纳米管增强复合材料(functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite,FG-CNTRC)作为新一代先进复合材料,因其优越的力学性能而被研究者们广泛关注。该研究以Pasternak地基上FG-CNTRC梁为研究对象,基于不同高阶剪切变形理论,将一种具有插值特性的无网格法——稳定移动克里金插值(stabilized moving Kriging interpolation,SMKI)应用于求解Pasternak地基上FG-CNTRC梁的自由振动及屈曲问题。基于稳定移动克里金插值和不同高阶剪切变形理论给出FG-CNTRC梁的位移场,利用Hamilton原理和最小势能原理分别推导了Pasternak地基上FG-CNTRC梁的自由振动和屈曲控制方程。采用MATLAB软件编制了相关程序,将该研究解与解析解或文献解对比,证明了该方法在计算Pasternak地基上FG-CNTRC梁自由振动与屈曲的有效性及准确性。最后,还讨论了不同高阶剪切变形理论、地基系数、碳纳米管体积分数等对其自振频率和屈曲临界荷载的影响。

Vibration of functionally graded sandwich doubly curved shells using improved shear deformation theory

Nonlinear forced vibrations and natural frequency of sandwich functionally graded material doubly curved shallow shell with a rectangular base are investigated. The sandwich functionally graded material(FGM) doubly curved shell is subjected to a harmonic point load at centre. The sandwich doubly curved shell with homogeneous face sheets and FGM face sheets is considered respectively when the natural frequencies are studied. Reddy's third order shear deformation theory is expanded in which stretching effects in thickness are considered by introducing the secant function. Hamilton's principle and von-Karman type nonlinear geometric equation are applied to obtain partial differential equation of the FGM sandwich doubly curved shell. Comparative studies with other shear deformation theories are carried out to validate the present formulation. Navier method is used to discuss the natural vibration frequencies of the FGM sandwich doubly curved shell. Numerical simulation is applied to demonstrate the nonlinear dynamic responses of the FGM sandwich doubly curved shell. Multiple periods, quasi-period and chaos are detected for the dynamic system for different core thickness.

Size-dependent sinusoidal beam model for dynamic instability of single-walled carbon nanotubes

In this study, a model for dynamic instability of embedded single-walled car- bon nanotubes （SWCNTs） is presented. SWCNTs are modeled by the sinusoidal shear deformation beam theory （SSDBT）. The modified couple stress theory （MCST） is con- sidered in order to capture the size effects. The surrounding elastic medium is described by a visco-Pasternak foundation model, which accounts for normal, transverse shear, and damping loads. The motion equations are derived based on Hamilton＇s principle. The differential quadrature method （DQM） in conjunction with the Bolotin method is used in order to calculate the dynamic instability region （DIR） of SWCNTs. The effects of differ- ent parameters, such as nonlocal parameter, visco-Pasternak foundation, mode numbers, and geometrical parameters, are shown on the dynamic instability of SWCNTs. The re- sults depict that increasing the nonlocal parameter shifts the DIR to right. The results presented in this paper would be helpful in design and manufacturing of nano-electromechanical system （NEMS） and micro-electro-mechanical system （MEMS）.

Thermo-mechanical Behaviors of Functionally Graded Shape Memory Alloy Timoshenko Composite Beams

This paper focuses on the thermo-mechanical behaviors of functionally graded(FG)shape memory alloy(SMA)composite beams based on Timoshenko beam theory.The volume fraction of SMA fiber is graded in the thickness of beam according to a power-law function and the equivalent parameters are formulated.The governing differential equations,which can be solved by direct integration,are established by employing the composite laminated plate theory.The influences of FG parameter,ambient temperature and SMA fiber laying angle on the thermo-mechanical behaviors are numerically simulated and discussed under different boundary conditions.Results indicate that the neutral plane does not coincide with the middle plane of the composite beam and the distribution of martensite is asymmetric along the thickness.Both the increments of the functionally graded parameter and ambient temperature make the composite beam become stiffer.However,the influence of the SMA fiber laying angle can be negligent.This work can provide the theoretical basis for the design and application of FG SMA structures.

General analytical solution to bending of composite laminated beams with delaminations

Based on the first-order shear deformable beam theory, a refined model for composite beams containing a through-the-width delamination is presented, and the deformation at the delamination front is considered. Different from the ordinary delami- nated beam theory, each of the perfectly bonded portions of the new model is constructed as two separated beams along the interface without assuming a plane section at the de- lamination front. The governing equations of the delaminated portions and bonded ones are established, combined with continuity conditions of displacements and internal forces. Solutions of delaminated composite beams with different boundary conditions, delamina- tion locations and sizes axe shown in excellent agreement with the finite element results, showing efficiency and applicability of the present model.

Determination of Shear Center of Arbitrary Cross-Section

In structural analysis, it is often necessary to determine the geometrical properties of cross section. The location of the shear center is greater importance for an arbitrary cross section. In this study, the problems of coupled shearing and torsional were analyzed by using the finite element method. Namely, the simultaneous equations with respect to the warping, shear deflection, angle of torsion and Lagrange’s multipliers are derived by finite element approximation. Solving them numerically, the matrix of the shearing rigidity and torsional rigidity is obtained. This matrix indicates the coupled shearing and torsional deflection. The shear center can be obtained determining the coordinate axes so as to eliminate the non-diagonal terms. Several numerical examples are performed and show that the present method gives excellent results for an arbitrary cross section.

变曲率均质梁结构的振动特性研究

曲梁结构具有外形美观、力学性能好和承载能力强等一系列优点,在建筑、桥梁、船舶和航空航天等领域得到广泛应用。首先,基于一阶剪切变形梁理论和哈密尔顿原理建立四种典型曲梁结构(即圆弧曲梁、椭圆曲梁、抛物曲梁和双曲曲梁)在复杂边界条件下的统一动力学分析模型。其次,对上述曲梁结构模型进行收敛性验证并确定最佳截断数和边界弹簧刚度的取值。然后,对已建立曲梁结构模型进行准确性验证并证明其可以快速求解复杂边界条件下曲梁结构的振动特性。最后,研究结构参数、边界条件和脉冲载荷类型对曲梁结构振动特性的影响。分析结果表明,曲梁结构厚度、弹性边界条件以及脉冲载荷类型对曲梁结构的振动特性具有不同程度的影响。

压电功能梯度层合梁的力-电-热耦合梁单元及最优振动控制

给出了一个压电功能梯度层合梁振动分析的两节点力-电-热耦合梁单元,并将其用于功能梯度层合梁的振动最优控制。在这个多场耦合梁单元中,功能梯度材料的等效力学性能用Voigt或Mori-Tanaka模型表征;梁的位移场用Shi改进的三阶剪切变形板理论描述;压电层的电势场用Layer-wise理论分层表征,且呈高阶非线性电势场的压电层可离散成数个子层。用Hamilton原理推导了压电功能梯度梁的力-电-热耦合单元列式,用拟协调元法给出了多场耦合梁单元的高计算效率的显式单元刚度矩阵,以及采用线性二次型(LQR)最优控制算法进行压电功能梯度层合梁的最优振动控制。使用所得力-电-热耦合梁单元进行了压电功能梯度层合梁的静力和动力分析。数值算例表明,所得力-电-热耦合梁单元可靠、准确和高效,LQR最优控制算法得到最优控制电压可有效抑制功能梯度梁的振动且实现控制系统能量的优化。

基于铁木辛柯梁理论的工字梁剪切变形计算方法研究

飞机机翼通常采用工字梁作为支撑结构,然而由于工字梁的几何参数改变,理论计算会受到影响,梁理论的选择会直接影响计算结果。目前,现有的工字梁挠度计算主要基于欧拉-伯努利梁理论,未充分考虑梁弯曲时存在的剪切变形。因此,本文提出了一种基于铁木辛柯梁理论的考虑剪切作用的工字梁计算方法,用于针对受集中力影响的工字梁进行计算。通过表征剪切变形对梁变形的影响,获得了剪切变形对梁的作用规律,并解释了剪切变形在梁中的变形机制。研究表明,当工字悬臂梁靠近固定端一定范围内以及梁的跨高比小于5时,计算时应考虑剪切变形的影响。该计算方法得出的内力计算理论结果与仿真及电测法结果基本一致,可以应用于实际工程计算中。

Dynamic Loadings Induced Vibration of Third Order Shear Deformable FG-CNTRC Beams:Gram-Schmidt-Ritz Method

This research work deals with a study on dynamic behavior of functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite(FG-CNTRC)beams under various types of dynamic loads.Carbon nanotubes(CNTs)are used as the reinforcing materials that distribute continuously across the beam thickness.By using third order shear deformable theory(TSDT)in this current study,the straightness and normality of the transverse normal after deformation are unconstrained.The equations of motion based on TSDT are solved by Gram-Schmidt-Ritz method in which the displacement functions are generated via Gram-Schmidt procedure.Additionally,the time-integration of Newmark is also employed to carry out dynamic response of the beams under dynamic loads.Several effects such as material distributions,types of dynamic loads,boundary conditions and so on are taken into account.According to numerical results,it can be revealed that adding small amount of CNTs can reduce considerably the dynamic amplitude of FG-CNTRC beams.Moreover,the dynamic analysis of beam-like structures plays an important role in structural design because mass inertia matrix of the beam being involved in the equations of motion,which yields much larger deflection than that predicted by simple static analysis.

含分层复合材料层合梁弯曲问题的一般解法

基于一阶剪切梁理论,考虑分层边缘区域的变形特点,提出了含穿透分层复合材料梁模型.与传统分层模型不同,该文将未分层部分看作上下子梁,放弃了传统模型中分层前缘横截面始终保持平面的假设.通过分层前缘的位移连续条件和内力连续条件,建立了粘合段和分层段的控制方程.并且,应用该模型对不同边界条件下含不同分层尺寸对称和非对称分层的复合材料层合梁弯曲问题进行了求解,结果与三维有限元计算的结果一致,从而证明了模型的有效性和适用性.

基于一阶剪切变形理论的新型复合材料层合板单元

基于一阶剪切变形理论(FSDT),本文构造一种新型的20自由度(每结点5个自由度),四边形复合材料层合板单元,适合于任意铺设情形的层合板的计算。它是按如下方式构造的:(1) 单元每边的转角和剪应变由Timoshenko层合厚梁理论来确定;(2) 对单元域内的转角场和剪应变场进行合理的插值;(3) 引入平面内双线性位移场来体现层合板面内与弯曲的耦合作用。本文单元,记为TMQ20,不存在剪切闭锁现象,在计算单层的各向同性板时可以退化为文[1]中优质的中厚板单元TMQ。在文[2]中将给出本文单元对于层合板问题的详细数值算例。

考虑剪切变形效应的受竖向集中荷载作用的单跨斜梁研究

为解决中、小跨径斜梁结构分析中采用初等梁理论而不考虑剪切变形的影响而导致计算挠度偏小的问题,基于Timoshenko深梁理论的力法及图乘法,推导了考虑剪切变形影响的单跨斜深梁在竖向集中荷载作用下的内力和变形计算公式,并用有限元软件对所推导的计算公式进行了验证。结果表明:本文理论解析结果与有限元结果吻合较好,证明了本文理论公式的正确性。通过对标准A型单跨斜箱梁桥的跨径比、斜交角、平面形状等参数进行分析得到跨径越小、斜交角越大,剪切效应对斜梁挠度的影响越大;剪切效应对平行四边形斜梁的挠度影响最大,对等腰梯形斜梁的挠度影响最小;中、小跨径斜梁桥挠度计算时应采用考虑剪切变形影响的Timoshenko深梁理论,否则会低估挠度结果;所推导的斜深梁桥内力与变形计算公式能方便设计人员的使用,有助于推动斜梁桥计算理论的深化和拓展,丰富了斜梁桥的计算方法。