Examining the Burden Reduction Policy for Primary and Secondary School Teachers in China:A Framework Analysis Centered on the Rational Selection of Institutional Doctrine

The“burden reduction”policy aims to reduce the workload of primary and secondary school teachers to alleviate their burdens.While it has improved the quality of teachers,implementation challenges still exist.This study utilizes rational choice institutionalism and Ostrom’s institutional analysis and development framework to examine the policy.By considering the preferences of the Ministry of Education,local governments,schools,and teachers,it explores interactions and outcomes,identifies challenges,and provides policy suggestions.

Dilemmas and Optimization of Third-Party Assessment System in Chinese Fair Competition Review

The current predominant self-review mechanism by policy-making bodies suffers from deficiencies such as insufficient motivations, limited review capabilities, and weak external supervision. Third-party assessment, characterized by independence and specialization, is designed to mitigate these shortcomings. However, the implementation of third-party assessment faces challenges too. This paper intends to improve the third-party assessment system and to realize the legislative purpose of the system. Based on social research, discussions and exchanges with relevant parties, and the existing research results, this paper analyzes the challenges and possible optimization measures for the third-party assessment. The challenges include repulsion from policy-making bodies, insufficient independence of assessment bodies, disparity of assessment quality, and limited application of assessment outcomes. Possible optimization measures include promoting fair competition culture, increasing the acceptance of third-party assessment from policy-making bodies, enhancing the quality of third-party assessment, clarifying the relationship between policy-making bodies and assessment bodies, ensuring the independence of third-party assessments, and promoting the application of assessment results.

PHP平台开源ORM库Doctrine的应用

研究了传统数据库访问技术的缺点、ORM技术的原理和优点,以及PHP平台的ORM实现库Doctrine的技术要点,最后介绍了Doctrine技术在项目中的实际应用效果。

The Christian Doctrines of Salvation at the Earlier Stages of The Pilgrim's Progress

John Bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress has been written to preach the Christian doctrines of salvation.Therefore its allegorical protagonists have gradually gone through four stages of development on the path to salvation.This paper is focused on the earlier two stages,that is,the repentance of sins and the temptations after conversion.

The Doctrine of Human Personality--Political Doctrine of the Future

The Doctrine of Human Personality wants to be the main political doctrine of mankind, which wishes to begin a new era of political, economical and social relations worldwide. A New World Order is ultimately necessary because the age of National States has passed long ago and all relations among the citizens of Earth are influenced and dominated by Globalization, thus it needs a single world Government and a global Parliament. For too long darkness kept a tight grip on mankind, now it is the time to put an end to this darkness and let humanity begin its true evolution through this new doctrine, the Doctrine of Human Personality.

Three Versions on tian's Translations in Doctrine of the Mean

Since ancient times,"heaven"has been indispensable in the traditional books of the communist party of China.The English translation of traditional books has become the mainstream of The Times.Currently,the translation levels of the translated versions are uneven,and there are great differences in the translation of some keywords.This paper mainly discusses the different translations of"heaven"in section 1 of the English translation of theof the Mean by James Legge,Gu Hongming,Roger T.Ames and David Hall.

Analysis on the Cy-Pres Doctrine in the Public Benefit Trust

Public benefit trust is of great significance to the development of social public welfare, and the cy-pres doctrine as a special principle of public benefit trust, plays an important role in protecting the continuation of public benefit trust, and the realization and reasonable use of high-efficiency trust properties. In this paper, therefore, the origin, establishment, and development trend of the approximation principle as well as its current legislative situation in China are studied, and also its applicability of the Cy-Pres doctrine in China＇s public benefit trust is briefly evaluated, so as to further deepen the understanding of the Cy-Pres doctrine and develop the public benefit trust undertakings in China.

Retrospect on the Thought of Clean Government in History and Today -- Based on the Doctrine of Evil Human Nature of Syun Zih

In recent years,with the accelerating development of the socialist market economy and the process of globalization,corruption has appeared and become more and more serious,causing serious harm to the interests of the state and people,so the construction of a clean and honest government draws people’s attention.The doctrine of evil human nature of Syun Zih explained profound theories concerning the nature of human beings and the view of interest with simple language,from which the origin of the construction of a clean and honest government could be found.As a result,we can have a right starting point,representing the fundamental interests of the overwhelming majority of people in the long-term exploration.The doctrine of evil human nature of Syun Zih plays an irreplaceable role in the correct understanding and analysis of the construction of a clean and honest government and the construction of the incorrupt government culture.

Dalai Disavows Guardian of Buddhist Doctrine

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Understanding the Importance of Effective Third-Party Risk Management on Data Governance

With a view to adopting to the globalized business landscape,organizations rely on third-party business relationships to enhance their operations,expand their capabilities,and drive innovation.While these collaborations offer numerous benefits,they also introduce a range of risks that organizations must carefully mitigate.If the obligation to meet the regulatory requirements is added to the equation,mitigating the third-party risk related to data governance,becomes one of the biggest challenges.

Strategies for China’s Response to and Improvement of Third-Party Funding in International Investment Arbitration

China should prioritize the establishment and enhancement of a third-party funding system.It should actively refine the existing arbitration rules,addressing any loopholes in the current regulatory framework.Comprehensive measures should be implemented to regulate third-party funding,aligning with international trends.This is crucial not only to safeguard the foreign investment of the Chinese government and enterprises but also to position China as a globally influential arbitration center.

单位犯罪教义学的两个问题

刑法教义学体系中应区别自然人构建单位或法人的教义学理论。对法人进行制裁,应首先考虑三点:法人是否具有人格;法人是否具有刑事责任能力;法人是否具有独立承担刑事谴责的可能性。立足法制统一原则,从刑法与民商法的关系来看,刑法并没有确认某一主体人格的功能,在民法上承认法人具有人格,在刑法上也就不能否认法人不具有人格。单位人格的特殊性,实质上决定了对单位承担刑事责任的哲学根据不是其具有相对的意志自由,而是其内部治理结构存在着弊端。组织体责任论的“内核”应采取规则组织体的观念,从合规的角度对单位进行分析,单位犯罪成立的判断流程设计应当在构成要件的适格性阶段进行。

论我国民事诉讼法学的法理化——兼论法理学与法教义学的关系

我国民事诉讼法学历经注释学到规范研究的方法迭代。着眼于规范研究超然于现行立法和司法实践,受法理学和部门法学之影响,民事诉讼法教义学被青睐和提倡。囿于我国民事诉讼立法和司法的发展阶段,尤其是当事人主义诉讼体制转型尚未最终完成,民事诉讼法教义学存在异化可能,即低估理论对实践的指引作用,盲从于立法和司法实践,消解来之不易的诉讼理论共识,蕴含退回职权主义诉讼体制之系统风险。停留在注释和实证分析的民事诉讼法教义学也终将枯竭其思想体系而退化为单纯的知识体系,最终由“深科学”退步为“浅科学”。充分肯定和贯彻当事人主义,实现法理在法律体系和审判实践中的泛在,这既是改革开放以来我国民事诉讼体制转型和研究方法革新的有益经验,亦是民事诉讼法教义学的中国式现代化必须坚持的目标与路径。

辩证法的理论思维、实践智慧和学说体系

辩证法的理论思维和实践智慧源于人的生活经验和生命体验,但只有“进入广阔的研究领域”并“通晓思维的历史和成就”,才能真实地掌握辩证法的理论思维和实践智慧。对于辩证法的最大误解,就是把思想的内容和形式、概念的内涵和外延、哲学的理论和方法割裂开了,把辩证法变成了没有思想内容、概念规定、理论内涵的纯粹的“工具”或“方法”。辩证法的实践智慧,不仅是如何看待和对待“人生”的智慧,也是如何看待和对待“历史”的智慧,还是分析、研究、解决“问题”的智慧。把辩证法的理论思维和实践智慧升华为学理化、体系化的概念系统就是辩证法的理论或学说。自觉地掌握和运用辩证法的理论思维和实践智慧,需要学习和研究学理化、体系化的辩证法理论。构建中国自主哲学知识体系,就要在总结辩证法史的基础上,创建具有新的思想内涵、时代内涵、文明内涵的当代中国辩证法理论。

基于子午流注的气交灸法在脑卒中后气虚型尿潴留病人中的应用

目的:探讨基于子午流注的气交灸法治疗脑卒中后气虚型尿潴留病人的临床效果。方法:选取2022年1月—2023年1月在我院住院治疗的60例脑卒中后气虚型尿潴留病人,采用随机数字表法将其分为治疗组和对照组,各30例,对照组给予脑卒中后尿潴留护理常规护理,治疗组在对照组的基础上实施基于子午流注的气交灸法,比较两组治疗前、治疗2周后膀胱残余尿量、治疗后的临床疗效和满意度。结果:治疗2周后,治疗组膀胱残余尿量、临床疗效和满意度均优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:基于子午流注的气交灸法能有效减少脑卒中后气虚型尿潴留病人的残余尿量,改善临床疗效,提高病人满意度。

企业重罪合规改革的理论基础与制度建构

企业重罪合规改革在刑法上面临的主要争议是正当化事由尚不明晰,以及是否违反罪刑法定、罪责刑相适应等刑法的基本原则。应当肯定的是,企业重罪合规改革具有充分的理论基础与重要的现实意义。在改革过程中,重罪合规应当划分为事前重罪合规与事后重罪合规两个方向。在组织体责任模式下,企业在事前制定有效的合规计划,并有效落实合规计划可以排除单位责任;企业事后合规义务的履行可以熔断企业刑事责任,进而带来刑罚上的从宽处罚,并解决罪责刑不相适应的问题。为了能够使企业合规改革在遵循罪刑法定原则的前提下得到充分落实,立法机关应当对《刑法》第30条、第31条以及分则有关条款进行修正,并由司法机关制定关于企业合规有效性的司法解释,以确保其在实践中的应用。

“枢经学说”的哲学思考

中医“枢经学说”源自经典著作《黄帝内经》中的“开阖枢”理论,该理论最初用于解释三阴三阳的作用和相互关系,经引申、衍化、发展、升华后,用来分析、阐释、推演中医现象,指导中医临床。通过探讨“开阖枢”与经络之气、脏腑功能、五官九窍、肢体关节的关系,阐释了枢经学说的关系本体论内涵;通过探讨认识客体的历史客观性、认识主体的主观能动性、科学的实践观,阐释了枢经学说之辨证的认识论内涵;并且提出了下一步的研究愿景和初步构想。

沿人体经络穴位排汗现象的发现

经络学说是中医核心理论之一,许多中医文献载有经络与穴位的内容,针灸铜人等教具亦标有穴位,常见的针灸经穴图通常标有十四经穴位。但是经络与穴位究竟是如何发现的至今仍是一个谜,经络与穴位的真实性也一度受到质疑。道家认为练功者能够通过返观内视觉察到经络穴位的存在,这些主观觉察结果尚需客观证据的证明及科学方法的验证。笔者发现在练拳、针刺、喝黄酒等刺激之后,人体会有十四经穴位排汗现象,该现象在冬至等节气前后更明显。这些发现不仅有助于揭示经络穴位发现之谜、证实经络穴位的客观存在,也为深入探索经络本质提供新途径。

有限责任公司股东离婚时的股权分割问题研究

隐名股东说、股权利益分离说在应对有限责任公司股东离婚而导致的股权分割问题之时均将股权视为可分之利益或者基于隐性身份可予以直接让渡;而司法裁判实务中虽注重股权的人身性,但直接分割方案的采纳却最终实现了与理论界策略的殊途同归。股权作为独立的民事权利,自应成为包含人身性和财产性的不可分割之整体。涉及股权于离婚之时可划分的财产利益应包含三个部分:夫妻双方在婚姻期间购买股权的价款、股权在婚后产生的收益以及未来一定年限内可产生的预期性财产收益。股权的资本性决定了其自身的增值性,而实际致使双方争议的利益焦点为第三部分的“可预期性财产收益”;作为财产性争议所依托的人身性可明确为夫妻仅一方为公司之股东。基于此,在划分可预期性财产收益之时,首先应尊重夫妻之间的意思自治,由双方协商在公司存续期间于未来一定年限内按比例分配股权所得收益;双方协商不成之时,由人民法院参考相关因素判决股权收益于未来一定年限之内的具体分配期间及比例。

《中庸》思想在教师专业道德生成中的运用

《中庸》思考人之所以为人生成道德的特殊意义。教师工作承载着育人以德、以德促学的专业任务,蕴含反省吾身、社会交往、惠及他人等多个层面。而《中庸》思想中的“中节”强调个体内在规约,“忠恕”意在和谐人际关系,“至诚”极尽善意智慧,与教师专业道德取向正相契合。教师专业道德的生成遵循由自我内部强化到德性外部辐射的基本逻辑:“博学慎思”将专业道德知识的学习作用于教师的思维感知,重塑文化诉求的平衡;“慎独自修”使教师自觉融合外在价值刺激,浮现道德潜在意识,形成道德内驱力;“诚身明善”通过实践将教师的个体道德与社会道德相碰撞并内化合一,纾解社会交往的冲突;“至诚无息”使教师自我道德致力于外化,抚慰内心挣揣,获得卓然的专业道德境界与体验。