Research on the Status Quo and Supervision Mechanism of Food Safety in China

Food safety supervision mechanism is a strong guarantee to promote the smooth implementation of China's food safety laws and regulations,and it is implemented through legal,administrative,economic,moral and other integrated policy instruments,as well as media publicity,quality traceability,network tracking,information disclosure and other non-administrative means. Along with strengthening supervision and control means,the people's food safety in China is safeguarded,and the healthy development of the food industry is promoted.

Economy supervision mode of electricity market and its incentive mechanism

The analysis of a supervision environment is the first step for a company to enter the new electricity market. Transmission and distribution assets are the main investment targets of a company. The overseas power market belongs to the regulated industry;whether it is a stock M&A project or a green land bidding project, the regulatory environment determines the assets. The level of return and investment risk that guides the operation strategy of existing overseas assets, has a significant impact on the investment and operations of international companies. A comprehensive and rapid assessment of the regulatory environment can help the project teams of international companies understand the macroenvironment of the target electricity market within a short period, quickly identify investment risks, qualitatively analyze the return level of the underlying assets, shorten the decision time, capture investment opportunities, and enhance the team. Efficiency and quality of work are factors of great importance.

Study on Strengthening Supervision of the Third-party Laboratory by Suzhou Municipal Government

As public service testing structure of testing products,the quality of product testing report issued by the third-party laboratory has a great impact on the healthy development of market economy.In the face of the new situation of rapid economic development,the third-party laboratory develops rapidly,but the government supervision is not in place,which restricts the healthy and orderly development of the third-party laboratory.Therefore,it is very necessary to study how the government effectively supervises the third-party laboratory.This paper takes Suzhou as an example.On the basis of in-depth investigation,using the theory of service government,this paper analyzes the current situation of Suzhou municipal government’s supervision of third-party laboratories,and probes into the problems existing in the supervision and management system,the supervision is not comprehensive,and the independence of the supervision team is not strong.Based on the advanced experience of foreign countries in supervising the third-party laboratory,this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions to promote the Suzhou municipal government to strengthen the supervision of the third-party laboratory from the aspects of improving the implementation rules of laws and regulations,increasing the investment,strengthening the equipment update and team building,increasing the punishment for violations of laws and regulations,and giving full play to the masses and industry supervision.

Key Points of Supervision of Third-Party Payment Business:A Comparative Analysis of China's Mainland and Macao

China's Mainland has witnessed remarkable achievements in payment innovations based on internet and financial technologies in recent years,whereas Macao has made little progress in financial technologies,especially in payment technologies.Based on the concept and types of third-party payment business in China's Mainland and Macao,as well as to investigate the causes for Macao’s lack of innovation in third-party payment,this study compares their differences from two aspects:business licensing authorities and key points of supervision.By comparison,although the classification and methods of third-party payment businesses are different between China's Mainland and Macao,they are all managed and licensed by a unified supervision department.Moreover,the key points of supervision in both places are similar,but unlike China's Mainland,which takes financial risk prevention as the principle and financial technology as the means to encourage innovation,Macao showed obvious deficiencies.In order to further deepen the connection between the financial markets of China's Mainland and Macao as well as boost financial technologies in Macao,this study aims to provide some suggestions and references for the development of cross-border payment systems.

Optimization of Safety Production Supervision Mode of Coalmining Enterprises

In view of the fact that safety production supervision of coal mines in China features low efficacy, this paper applies principles of cybernetics to simulate the dynamic process of safety supervision, and proposes that institutional variables be controlled to support intermediate goals, which in turn contribute to the ultimate safety production objective. Rather than focusing all attention on safety issues of working faces, supervising departments of coalmines are advised to pay much more attention to institutional factors that may impact people’s attitude and behavior, which are responsible for most coalmine accidents. It is believed that such a shift of attention can effectively reduce coalmining production accidents and greatly enhance supervision efficacy.

The Impact of Government Supervision and Consumer Purchasing Behavior on Food Safety

This paper aims at the theoretical analysis to the impact of government supervision and consumer purchasing behavior on food quality security, so as to look for safety strategies and measures to strengthen and improve the level of food safety in China. Reputation mechanism is introduced and Bayesian approach is based on, in which government supervision as well as consumer purchasing behavior is taken as crucial factors to impact on the food quality security. As to the proposed quantitative indicators, government supervision includes exposure rate, fine and etc.;at the same time, consumer purchasing behavior includes consumer’s WTP for security food and consumer expectations to food safety. Taking China’s dairy industry as an example, it makes simulation by Netlog. The results show that consumer purchasing behavior alone has little effect on the dairy companies’ decision-making to be honest or counterfeiting enterprises. However, combination government supervision with purchasing behavior has great impact, and plays very good effects on food safety.

前景理论视角下废旧动力电池回收监管演化博弈分析

废旧动力电池具有较强的负外部性,违背了新能源汽车设计的初衷。为促进废旧动力电池有效回收,将前景理论与演化博弈论耦合,综合考虑政府、企业(汽车生产)和公众之间的利益,促使政府和公众对企业进行共同监督,构建三方博弈模型。针对初始意愿、罚款组成、风险态度系数和损失规避系数的不同情况,进行模拟数值仿真,并结合现实中废旧动力电池的认识度、奖惩机制和盈利信心进行分析。研究表明:提高公众或政府的初始监督意愿,可以促进企业回收废旧动力电池;当企业的回收策略为亏损时,提高企业对公众的补偿金额、降低企业的风险态度系数和损失规避系数,可以促进企业积极回收;在废旧动力电池回收过程中,共同监督的效果优于单独监督。

挂牌督办:中国式行政督查制度

为有效应对日趋复杂的安全治理形势,发轫于社会治安治理而后被推广至生态环保、安全生产等领域的挂牌督办制度,将中国特色的督查机制创造性融入复杂的治理场景之中,取得了显著的治理成效,成为近年来被频繁使用和研究的中国公共管理关键词。挂牌督办所蕴含的政治压力、社会压力和时间压力形成了强大的政治势能,促使地方政府及其职能部门等督办客体迅即强化其政治执行力、组织协同力和社会回应力,进而在较短的时间内完成中央政策目标、提升安全治理效能。同时,我们应秉持理性科学的态度客观评估挂牌督办的治理绩效,在厘清其效能边界的基础上,以更高质量的研究工作清晰识别其运行的底层逻辑,为确保挂牌督办制度始终发挥正向功能提供对策参考。

信用修复机制及在市场监管领域的实践研究

随着社会信用体系建设的深入推进,信用修复制度在理论研究和实践应用中逐渐成为关注焦点,发挥着维护信用主体合法权益、鼓励重塑信用、激发市场活力的积极作用。通过系统梳理信用修复的概念和信用修复的制度探索,厘清了当前社会信用体系建设中的信用修复规范,并从信用修复的方式、主体、客体和程序方面对信用修复机理进行了阐述;以市场监管领域信用修复实践作为切入点,对当前信用修复的实施现状和存在问题进行系统分析,并给出了加强信用修复机制建设的措施建议。

地方财政治理能力:共生治理机制与模型测度

基于共生理论与财政治理耦合分析,在搭建三维“共生单元-共生环境-共生模式”框架基础上,构建地方财政共生治理能力评价指标体系,剖析、阐释与归纳地方财政共生治理增值的实现机制,并结合2018—2022年全国28个地级及以上城市的预决算数据与审计发现问题整改数据,采用面板熵权topsis法对样本地区财政治理能力进行测度。测度结果表明:空间层面上,各城市地方财政共生治理水平一定程度上呈现出与地区生产总值正相关的趋势,以及东部地区高、中西部地区低的非均衡空间分布特点;时间层面上,随着时间的推移呈现先下降后上升的趋势,地区间差异呈现先上升后下降的趋势;治理主体上,人大与审计机关的治理效能与地区财政收支规模、经济发展水平等不相关。

融合片段对比学习的弱监督动作定位方法

针对现有基于注意力机制的弱监督动作定位方法对动作边界处的片段容易错误分类的问题,提出一种融合片段对比学习的弱监督动作定位方法。首先,引入三个分支的注意力机制,分别测量每个视频帧是动作实例、上下文以及背景的可能性;其次,基于得到的注意力值构建对应分支的类激活序列;然后,通过片段挖掘算法构造正负样本对;最后,利用片段对比学习引导网络将模糊片段正确归类。实验结果表明,当交并比(IoU)取值0.5时,在THUMOS14与ActivityNet1.3两个公共数据集上,所提方法的平均检测精度(mAP)分别达到了33.9%和40.1%,相较于DGCNN(Dynamic Graph modeling for weakly-supervised temporal action localization Convolutional Neural Network)弱监督动作定位模型在上述两个数据集上分别提升1.1和2.9个百分点,验证了所提方法的有效性。

基于关键区域遮挡与重建的人脸表情识别

为了解决自然场景下人脸表情识别任务中的无用信息干扰和遮挡对识别性能的影响问题,提出一种基于关键区域遮挡与重建的人脸表情识别模型。利用多尺度特征提取网络,提取人脸图像的全局特征。根据68个人脸关键点划分出68个关键区域,并通过插值法提取68个关键区域的特征,同时采用注意力机制学习关键区域特征之间的先验关系。设计自监督的遮挡与重建模块,对关键区域特征进行随机遮挡,并利用已知区域信息来预测和重建被遮挡区域的特征,从而提高模型在自然场景下的表情识别性能。设计多个实验验证了该模型的泛化能力,并通过消融实验验证了模型中每个模块的有效性。实验结果表明,该模型在真实世界的情感面孔数据集(RAF-DB)和Occlusion-RAF-DB数据集上分别达到了88.44%和86.09%的识别准确率,相比于视觉Transformer(Vi T)等模型有效地提升了自然场景下人脸表情识别的性能。

土木工程学科博士研究生培养质量提升的体系构建研究

高层次人才培养和创新创造是研究生教育的重要使命。近期,多部门联合发文要求加快新时代研究生教育改革。只有按照“四个面向”为国家破解“卡脖子”技术,取得原创新科技成果才能成为国家战略科技力量。围绕“立德树人、服务需求、提高质量、追求卓越”的新发展思路,结合同济大学深化综合改革方案和建设世界一流大学的总体需要,对于土木工程学科博士研究生培养质量提升体系的构建进行研究,进一步突显人才培养的质量与内涵,着重强调课程和培养中间环节的质量保证和过程监督、研究生培养分流退出机制、学院和导师的主体责任,构建闭环管理体系以提升博士研究生培养质量。

基于BERT的两次注意力机制远程监督关系抽取

针对词向量语义信息不完整以及文本特征抽取时的一词多义问题,提出基于BERT(Bidirectional Encoder Representation from Transformer)的两次注意力加权算法(TARE)。首先,在词向量编码阶段,通过构建Q、K、V矩阵使用自注意力机制动态编码算法,为当前词的词向量捕获文本前后词语义信息;其次,在模型输出句子级特征向量后,利用定位信息符提取全连接层对应参数,构建关系注意力矩阵;最后,运用句子级注意力机制算法为每个句子级特征向量添加不同的注意力分数,提高句子级特征的抗噪能力。实验结果表明:在NYT-10m数据集上,与基于对比学习框架的CIL(Contrastive Instance Learning)算法相比,TARE的F1值提升了4.0个百分点,按置信度降序排列后前100、200和300条数据精准率Precision@N的平均值(P@M)提升了11.3个百分点;在NYT-10d数据集上,与基于注意力机制的PCNN-ATT(Piecewise Convolutional Neural Network algorithm based on ATTention mechanism)算法相比,精准率与召回率曲线下的面积(AUC)提升了4.8个百分点,P@M值提升了2.1个百分点。在主流的远程监督关系抽取(DSER)任务中,TARE有效地提升了模型对数据特征的学习能力。

党和国家监督贯通协调机制研究

党和国家监督贯通协调机制,是权力监督与权利监督的功能互补和有机结合,是跳出历史周期率“两个答案”即党的自我革命和人民监督理论的制度成果。党和国家监督贯通协调机制总体架构由党的集中统一领导机制、党内监督主导机制以及纪检监察监督统筹机制来支撑。党的集中统一领导机制涵盖党对监督体系中的各个监督要素的全面领导,是构建党和国家监督体系的基本前提和根本保证。党内监督主导机制是监督体系中各类监督的方向引领和重要示范。纪检监察统筹机制的功能是:跟进和落实党内监督、保障和接受人大监督、指导和衔接行政监督、衔接和加强司法监督、保障和支持民主监督、接受和引导群众监督及舆论监督、整合和协调审计财会统计监督力量,使党和国家监督体系的制度效能得到充分发挥。

党和国家监督体系视域下检监衔接的法理意涵与机制完善

从党和国家监督体系视域下研究监察机关与检察机关的衔接,既是充分发挥检察机关在反腐败斗争中职能作用的必然要求,也是以法律监督现代化推进治理体系与治理能力现代化的现实回应。在加强新时代检察机关法律监督的语境下,检察职能与监察职能的关系是相互配合和相互制约,而这种配合和制约具体体现在办理职务犯罪案件上。健全检察机关与监察机关在惩治职务犯罪中的配合制约机制,要针对监检衔接制度运行现状及存在的诸多不足,从法理依据和对策措施上提出完善“提前介入”“退回补充调查”“自行补充侦查”“相关司法人员职务犯罪管辖”机制的思路和建议。

多视野精细分析下的弱监督目标定位算法

针对多尺度目标定位精度较差,难以捕获完整目标边界的问题,设计一种多视野精细分析模块并融入通道与空间注意力机制抑制背景噪声的干扰,获取多尺度目标的高分辨率特征。利用随机特征选取模块获取特征图随机位置的组合,聚合多个位置图获取最具辨别性的位置及其它位置的信息,融合浅层生成的类激活图与聚合类激活图获取细粒度位置信息,捕获完整的目标边界。与现有的弱监督定位方法相比,在解决多尺度目标定位效果差和局部最优问题上具有一定的优势。

乡村治理监督的内化机制及其调适路径——以湖北省咸宁市通城县Z村为例

治理监督是促进乡村有效治理、推动乡村治理体系和治理能力现代化的重要保障。随着国家监督体系的完善,监督要素日益深入并内化到乡村治理过程中。从实践来看,治理监督的内化包括完善基层组织、凝聚治理共同体、形成规则共治等3个阶段。其中,组织继替的筛选机制、公共信任的整合机制、规则治理的约束机制是其得以内化的实践机制。当前,乡村治理监督内化面临组织持续继替难以保证、协商自治空间难以维持、主体共治意识普遍不强等现实困境。因此,需要引导后备人才返乡生活、释放基层治理协商空间以及提升基层组织动员能力,以保障“监督治村”的常态化与实效性。

基于注意力机制和提示学习联合训练的上下位关系识别研究

专利术语间的上下位关系是一种重要的语义关系,专利文本中术语间的上下位关系识别在专利检索、查询扩展、知识图谱构建等多个领域发挥着重要作用。然而,专利文本领域的多样性、语言表述的复杂性使得术语间的上下位关系识别仍然面临许多挑战。文中提出一种融合提示学习和注意力机制的术语上下位关系识别方法,该方法基于远程监督框架,将术语之间的最短依存路径作为辅助特征融入提示模板,使用图神经网络将术语间的共现信息融入提示学习和注意力机制联合训练过程。在专利文本测试数据集上的实验结果表明,所提方法的AUC值、F1值达到94.94%和89.33%,相较于PARE模型分别提升了3.82%和3.17%。该方法有效地去除了使用远程监督方法标注的数据集的噪声,避免了掩码语言模型的训练目标和下游任务的不匹配问题,充分利用了预训练语言模型中存在的语言知识信息。

高职院校课程思政评价工作机制创新研究——以清远职业技术学院为例

当前各职业院校都在推进课程思政建设,课程思政育人质量的评价体系是保障课程思政建设的重要手段。清远职业技术学院在推进课程思政建设方面,成立课程思政评价组织机构,建立目标与标准体系,搭建信息化平台,构建基于“SDDI”循环的“4451”课程思政质量监督与评价工作管控机制,形成了一整套适合学院发展的课程思政质量保证工作运行体系,对职业院校开展课程思政建设理论研究与实践工作具有一定的指导作用。