On Similarities and Differences between Relative Pronouns in Relative Clauses

This paper,in two installments,attempts to clarify the finer points in the similarities and differences in the usage of relative pronouns,who,that and which,while they are in relative clauses.They are illustrated and justified with examples.The paper,through the comparison of the usages of who,that and which,has shown their similarities and differences from one another.It will enable us to master their usages and help us in studying relative clauses.

The Use of First Person Pronouns in Master dissertation

This writing is quantitative and qualitative empirical study of how first person pronouns are employed in master dissertations by advanced learners.The results reveal that the variations in the use of the first person pronouns do exist.It will help the advanced learners get a better understanding of the first person pronouns and write a perfect introduction,usually written both in English and in Chinese,in order to be accepted by the international publications and gain a better academic exchange.

Error Analysis of Personal Pronouns Use in English Writing of Junior High School Students:With the Tutored Students as Subjects

In recent years,analyses of linguistic errors in junior high English writing have been widely carried out in China.However,those studies that specialize in the misuse of personal pronouns are relatively rare.On the basis of Error Analysis theory,this paper regarded the tutored six students in Grade 8 by the author as the subjects, summarized three types of errors in personal pronouns use and their causes by analyzing subjects’writing samples and conducting interviews,and finally put forward some suggestions so as to contribute to the teaching and learning of junior high English writing.

A Comparative Study of Empty Pronouns Between English and Chinese

The thesis is a comparative study of empty pronouns between English and Chinese under the frame work of GB theory.Following the introductory part,the existence of PRO and pro has been researched in both English and Chinese.Then,the two kinds of empty pronouns are respectively compared between the two languages.A comparison has been made between English and Chinese in terms of their generation,distribution,classification,reference and interpretation to explore both the similarities and differences.Disputable issues have been covered and we tried to find out a solution.As a whole,English shares the same classification with Chinese except for pro.They do not have substantial differences in property,but PRO used in the two languages have distinction in concrete sentence structures.Since English possesses no pro,we have focused on its presence in Chinese.This total difference can clearly show us the difference between the two languages.This thesis aims at exploring the distinctive features and properties of English and Chinese by comparison so as to bring enlightenment to the translation in this aspect and gain a better understanding of the two languages in the structure.

Applicationof Transferin Chinese Students' Learningon Reflexive Pronouns

The thesis is designed to investigate what the Chinese reflexive transfer is and how it works on the basis of behaviorism.Through the analysis of binding theory, mismatches between Chinese reflexive and English reflexive would be discussed in two main aspects, namely, long-distance binding and subject orientation. To test and support the argument, more sufficient teaching data would be processed from questionnaire. At the end of the analysis, it is supposed to put forward suggestions for teaching English reflexive to Chinese students.

A Diachronic Study of the Phenomena of Personal Pronouns with Attributives in Southeast Asia Huayu

Based on the phenomenon of personal pronouns with attributives,this paper investigates the development and evolution of grammar in Southeast Asia Huayu.The results showed that the personal pronouns with attributives have shown an upward development trend in the centuries-old Huayu,as evidenced by the increasing number and frequency of their use,and the expansion of the range of personal pronouns that can carry attributives as well as the types of attributives.In addition,investigating the use of this linguistic phenomenon in Huayu,Putonghua,and Mandarin in a global perspective,it can be found that the three maintain a greater consistency.

The Sociolinguistic Research on the Second Personal Pronouns "Ni" and "Nin" in Chinese

The personal pronoun is the indispensable and essential component in all languages.In modern standard Chinese,the second personal pronouns encompass two variations:the generic term "Ni" and the honorific term "Nin".No matter the speaker choose "Ni" or "Nin",it indicates the relationship between two interlocutors.This paper,based on the theories of sociolinguistics,mainly explores the pragmatic meanings of the second personal pronouns "Ni" and "Nin".The research obtain these conclusions:even if this pair of personal pronoun received the contextual constraints in the concrete utilization,but they can also derive a lot of pragmatic variations and deixis variations,the interlocutors will select distinct second personal pronouns to achieve the particular communicative goals.

河北孟村方言疑问代词的非疑问用法

与普通话的疑问代词非疑问用法相比,孟村方言的疑问代词非疑问用法有自己的特色。表全指时,孟村方言采用三种方式:直接用疑问代词、疑问代词重叠和加不定性标记“任”。它们与表示无条件意义的连词(称为前项关联词)、副词“都”和“也”(称为后项关联词)共现情况不一样:第一种表达方式能构成A、B、C三种句式,第二、三种方式能构成C、D两种句式。第二、三种方式限于“谁”“哪”“嘛(儿)”三个单音节疑问代词,组合能力受限。表借指时,孟村方言“总=么”出现在列举项之前,总括所有的同类项。表虚指和独用的“总=么着”“总=着”有一些用法是普通话所没有的,“总=么着”表示用于指称当前的某种情状,强调该情状符合自己的预期。

“V+他+NP”的句法结构及其生成研究

现有的分析将“V+他+NP”结构中的“他”普遍定义为“虚化”,不能准确而又统一地揭示语言事实。本文借助生成语法的相关概念和理论,在前人研究的基础上,对“V+他+NP”结构中的三种典型结构做出了统一的分析,得出结论是“他”所在的句法位置不同,导致了歧义的产生。通过引入“轻代词”这一概念,进而成功地解释了“V+他+NP”结构之典型第三种类型与数量成分共现以及结构动词排斥动态助词与补语助词“得”“了”等现象。

连城姑田方言的复指代词“伊”

对连城姑田方言的“伊”字句的结构类型、使用条件进行考察,并从祈使句类、非祈使句类以及较为特殊的无宾语的“伊”字句角度分析“伊”的性质与功用。“伊”由于语义上的羡余,指代意义大为弱化,其在“伊”字句中的作用总体上相当于句末语气词,且在无宾语条件下增加了表达主观情感、转移焦点、礼貌调节等功能。姑田话“伊”字句的适用范围的特殊性,具有一定类型学上的意义。

“吾”“我”差异新解及其对先秦自我演变的启示

从第一人称代词入手探究自我相关性质与结构是自我心理学的重要方法之一。古汉语中有多个第一人称代词,先秦文献中的“吾”“我”差异一直是古汉语领域的研究重点,变为现代汉语中以“我”为主的转型期也处于这一时期。从自我心理学角度,依据心理距离理论及古汉语领域关于“吾”“我”差异的研究,两者的主要差异在于前者相对于后者离个体经验自我的心理距离更近。“吾”“我”差异在先秦文献中的逐渐消失,并转变为以“我”为主可为中国人自我在先秦思想文化转型时期的演变提供线索。

古代汉语与现代日语第一人称代词使用对比--以《论语》及其现代日语译本为例

聚焦于中国古典名著《论语》及其现代日语译本,从第一人称代词之省略、第一人称代词之翻译、第一人称代词之“礼”等方面探讨了古代汉语与现代日语第一人称代词的使用情况。研究结果表明,《论语》的原文和现代日语译文中第一人称代词使用数量相差不大,这与古代汉语和现代日语的表达中都有大量的第一人称代词省略的现象有关;在第一人称代词翻译的过程中,对某个古代汉语第一人称代词的现代日语译词的选择并不固定,且存在诸多增译和减译的情况;古代汉语和现代日语的表达都十分重视“礼”,为了适应不同场合的需要,不同种类的第一人称代词应运而生。

Similarities and Differences of Anaphoric Pronoun in Chinese and English

In both English and Chinese, pronouns are used with great frequency. And there are numerous usages of pronoun anaphors. The similarities and differences are summarized with the comparison of pronoun anaphors in English and Chinese.

中国学术新手学术文本中we的使用探究

自称语we常见于多人合著的论文中,也见于以硕士研究生为代表的学术新手的学术文本中。自称语的运用可以建构作者身份,体现作者的语用能力,但前人研究对学术新手自称语使用的身份建构意识未进行充分概括。鉴于此,本研究自建学术新手和专家的英语学术语篇语料库,基于词汇认知变化理论框架对比分析学术新手和专家这两个群体对we的使用异同。结果显示,学术新手和专家在we的指代意义和功能意义的使用上均存在不同偏好,且存在不同程度的指代意义模糊和功能意义重叠现象。学术新手和专家对we的使用差异体现了读者意识和身份建构意识对自称语使用的影响。