Previous studies have investigated the efficiency in teaching listener and speaker repertoires in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder(ASD).Some investigations focused on listener responding by function,fe...Previous studies have investigated the efficiency in teaching listener and speaker repertoires in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder(ASD).Some investigations focused on listener responding by function,feature,and class(LRFFC)and intraverbal by function,feature,and class(FFC).For some children,teaching intraverbal FFC was more efficient because it resulted in a better emergence effect of a related untaught repertoire(LRFFC).For other children,teaching LRFFC along with tacting pictures was more efficient,resulting in a better emergence effect of a related untaught repertoire(intraverbal FFC).In these cases,it is not clear whether the tact increased the efficiency of LRFFC training because a comparison with a condition in which tacts were not required was not conducted.This investigation consisted of a replication with two children diagnosed with ASD.Three instructional sequences were compared:teaching LRFFC-probing intraverbal;teaching LRFFC+tacts-probing intraverbal;teaching intraverbal-probing LRFFC.For a child,all sequences were equally efficient because all related untaught repertoires emerged without errors.However,the acquisition of intraverbals during training occurred with variability.In the case of the second child,the most efficient sequence consisted of teaching intraverbals,resulting in the emergence of LRFFC without errors.In both cases of teaching LRFFC,the emergence of related intraverbals was partial and acquisition of the trained repertoires occurred with variability.The case that did not demand tact responses was slightly more efficient.Data were discussed in the sense that the best instructional sequence may vary from learner to learner.展开更多
BACKGROUND There is growing evidence proving that many human carcinomas, including colon cancer, can overexpress immunoglobulin(Ig); the non B cancer cell-derived Ig usually displayed unique V(D)J rearrangement patter...BACKGROUND There is growing evidence proving that many human carcinomas, including colon cancer, can overexpress immunoglobulin(Ig); the non B cancer cell-derived Ig usually displayed unique V(D)J rearrangement pattern that are distinct from B cell-derived Ig. Especially, the cancer-derived Ig plays important roles in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. However, it still remains unclear if the colon cancer-derived Ig can display unique V(D)J pattern and sequencing, which can be used as novel target for colon cancer therapy.AIM To investigate the Ig repertoire features expressed in human colon cancer cells.METHODS Seven cancerous tissue samples of colon adenocarcinoma and corresponding noncancerous tissue samples were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting using epithelial cell adhesion molecule as a marker for epithelial cells. Ig repertoire sequencing was used to analyze the expression profiles of all 5 classes of Ig heavy chains(IgH) and the Ig repertoire in colon cancer cells and corresponding normal epithelial cells.RESULTS We found that all 5 IgH classes can be expressed in both colon cancer cells and normal epithelial cells. Surprisingly, unlike the normal colonic epithelial cells that expressed 5 Ig classes, our results suggested that cancer cells most prominently express IgG. Next, we found that the usage of Ig in cancer cells caused the expression of some unique Ig repertoires compared to normal cells. Some VH segments, such as VH3-7, have been used in cancer cells, and VH3-74 was frequently present in normal epithelial cells. Moreover, compared to the normal cell-derived Ig, most cancer cell-derived Ig showed unique VHDJH patterns.Importantly, even if the same VHDJH pattern was seen in cancer cells and normal cells, cancer cell-derived IgH always displayed distinct hypermutation hot points.CONCLUSION We found that colon cancer cells could frequently express IgG and unique IgH repertoires, which may be involved in carcinogenesis of colon cancer. The unique IgH repertoire has the potential to be used as a novel target in immune therapy for colon cancer.展开更多
Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a public health threat that affects 257 million people worldwide and can progress to liver cirrhosis,liver failure,and hepatocellular carcinoma.The HBV antigen-induced adaptive immun...Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a public health threat that affects 257 million people worldwide and can progress to liver cirrhosis,liver failure,and hepatocellular carcinoma.The HBV antigen-induced adaptive immune response plays an important role in HBV clearance.Immune repertoire sequencing(IRS)has been used to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the immune system,find novel ways to treat HBV infection,and evaluate the genetic responses and immune characteristics of individuals infected by HBV or immunized by HBV vaccine.This review summarizes the human immune repertoire analysis methodology,and the application of the IRS in the prediction of HBV infection progression,treatment,and vaccination.展开更多
Signals within animals’vocal communication are considered functional referential and context-specific.Even in the absence of the context,receivers are expected to acquire the information of calls and respond specific...Signals within animals’vocal communication are considered functional referential and context-specific.Even in the absence of the context,receivers are expected to acquire the information of calls and respond specificallyWhereas the framework was supported by plenty of evidence,its exhaustivity in describing all animal vocalisations has been questioned.Here,we investigated the vocal repertoire of a cooperatively breeding species,Azure-winged Magpie(Cyanopica cyanus),to present evidence for referential signals.The results showed that Azure-winged Magpies had a relatively large vocal repertoire,consisting of twelve distinct calls.These calls were associated with the context including movement,begging for food,contact,vigilance against predators,etc.However,even the predator-specific alarm calls would induce various responses of receivers.This implies that multiple pieces of information are involved in the vocalisation,which could be utilised by the receiver to select an appropriate response based on the surroundings.Our study gives a detailed description of the context and function of the vocal repertoire in Azure-winged Magpies,laying the foundation for further investigation on the developmental mechanisms of bird vocalisations.This study also suggests that the referential signals of animal vocalisations may not be limited to the context-specific responses of receivers and need to be discussed from a broader perspective.展开更多
Targeted genotyping is an extremely powerful approach for the detection of known genetic variations that are biologically or clinically important.However,for non-model organisms,large-scale target geno-typing in a cos...Targeted genotyping is an extremely powerful approach for the detection of known genetic variations that are biologically or clinically important.However,for non-model organisms,large-scale target geno-typing in a cost-effective manner remains a major challenge.To address this issue,we present an ultrahigh-multiplex,in-solution probe array-based high-throughput diverse marker genotyping(HD-Marker)approach that is capable of targeted genotyping of up to 86000 loci,with coverage of the whole gene repertoire,in what is a 27-fold and six-fold multiplex increase in comparison with the conventional Illumina GoldenGate and original HD-Marker assays,respectively.We perform extensive analyses of var-ious ultrahigh-multiplex levels of HD-Marker(30 k-plex,56 k-plex,and 86 k-plex)and show the power and excellent performance of the proposed method with an extremely high capture rate(about 96%)and genotyping accuracy(about 96%).With great advantages in terms of cost(as low as 0.0006 USD per geno-type)and high technical flexibility,HD-Marker is a highly efficient and powerful tool with broad appli-cation potential for genetic,ecological,and evolutionary studies of non-model organisms.展开更多
文摘Previous studies have investigated the efficiency in teaching listener and speaker repertoires in children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder(ASD).Some investigations focused on listener responding by function,feature,and class(LRFFC)and intraverbal by function,feature,and class(FFC).For some children,teaching intraverbal FFC was more efficient because it resulted in a better emergence effect of a related untaught repertoire(LRFFC).For other children,teaching LRFFC along with tacting pictures was more efficient,resulting in a better emergence effect of a related untaught repertoire(intraverbal FFC).In these cases,it is not clear whether the tact increased the efficiency of LRFFC training because a comparison with a condition in which tacts were not required was not conducted.This investigation consisted of a replication with two children diagnosed with ASD.Three instructional sequences were compared:teaching LRFFC-probing intraverbal;teaching LRFFC+tacts-probing intraverbal;teaching intraverbal-probing LRFFC.For a child,all sequences were equally efficient because all related untaught repertoires emerged without errors.However,the acquisition of intraverbals during training occurred with variability.In the case of the second child,the most efficient sequence consisted of teaching intraverbals,resulting in the emergence of LRFFC without errors.In both cases of teaching LRFFC,the emergence of related intraverbals was partial and acquisition of the trained repertoires occurred with variability.The case that did not demand tact responses was slightly more efficient.Data were discussed in the sense that the best instructional sequence may vary from learner to learner.
基金Key support projects of the National Natural Science Foundation's major research program,No.91642206Major international cooperation projects of the National Natural Science Foundation,No.81320108020+2 种基金Beijing Natural Science Foundation,No.7182171Research institute fund of NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology,Peking University,No.BMU2018JDJS010Nonprofit central research institute fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences,No.2018PT31039
文摘BACKGROUND There is growing evidence proving that many human carcinomas, including colon cancer, can overexpress immunoglobulin(Ig); the non B cancer cell-derived Ig usually displayed unique V(D)J rearrangement pattern that are distinct from B cell-derived Ig. Especially, the cancer-derived Ig plays important roles in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. However, it still remains unclear if the colon cancer-derived Ig can display unique V(D)J pattern and sequencing, which can be used as novel target for colon cancer therapy.AIM To investigate the Ig repertoire features expressed in human colon cancer cells.METHODS Seven cancerous tissue samples of colon adenocarcinoma and corresponding noncancerous tissue samples were sorted by fluorescence-activated cell sorting using epithelial cell adhesion molecule as a marker for epithelial cells. Ig repertoire sequencing was used to analyze the expression profiles of all 5 classes of Ig heavy chains(IgH) and the Ig repertoire in colon cancer cells and corresponding normal epithelial cells.RESULTS We found that all 5 IgH classes can be expressed in both colon cancer cells and normal epithelial cells. Surprisingly, unlike the normal colonic epithelial cells that expressed 5 Ig classes, our results suggested that cancer cells most prominently express IgG. Next, we found that the usage of Ig in cancer cells caused the expression of some unique Ig repertoires compared to normal cells. Some VH segments, such as VH3-7, have been used in cancer cells, and VH3-74 was frequently present in normal epithelial cells. Moreover, compared to the normal cell-derived Ig, most cancer cell-derived Ig showed unique VHDJH patterns.Importantly, even if the same VHDJH pattern was seen in cancer cells and normal cells, cancer cell-derived IgH always displayed distinct hypermutation hot points.CONCLUSION We found that colon cancer cells could frequently express IgG and unique IgH repertoires, which may be involved in carcinogenesis of colon cancer. The unique IgH repertoire has the potential to be used as a novel target in immune therapy for colon cancer.
基金Supported by The National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.61972007 and No.30671855the International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China,No.2014DFR31200Ministry of Science and Technology of China,No.2017ZX10202202.
文摘Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a public health threat that affects 257 million people worldwide and can progress to liver cirrhosis,liver failure,and hepatocellular carcinoma.The HBV antigen-induced adaptive immune response plays an important role in HBV clearance.Immune repertoire sequencing(IRS)has been used to investigate the molecular mechanisms behind the immune system,find novel ways to treat HBV infection,and evaluate the genetic responses and immune characteristics of individuals infected by HBV or immunized by HBV vaccine.This review summarizes the human immune repertoire analysis methodology,and the application of the IRS in the prediction of HBV infection progression,treatment,and vaccination.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3202104)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20211151)。
文摘Signals within animals’vocal communication are considered functional referential and context-specific.Even in the absence of the context,receivers are expected to acquire the information of calls and respond specificallyWhereas the framework was supported by plenty of evidence,its exhaustivity in describing all animal vocalisations has been questioned.Here,we investigated the vocal repertoire of a cooperatively breeding species,Azure-winged Magpie(Cyanopica cyanus),to present evidence for referential signals.The results showed that Azure-winged Magpies had a relatively large vocal repertoire,consisting of twelve distinct calls.These calls were associated with the context including movement,begging for food,contact,vigilance against predators,etc.However,even the predator-specific alarm calls would induce various responses of receivers.This implies that multiple pieces of information are involved in the vocalisation,which could be utilised by the receiver to select an appropriate response based on the surroundings.Our study gives a detailed description of the context and function of the vocal repertoire in Azure-winged Magpies,laying the foundation for further investigation on the developmental mechanisms of bird vocalisations.This study also suggests that the referential signals of animal vocalisations may not be limited to the context-specific responses of receivers and need to be discussed from a broader perspective.
基金the grant support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (32130107, 32002446 and 32102778)Project of Sanya Yazhouwan Science and Technology City Management Foundation (SKJC-KJ-2019KY01)+1 种基金China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARATaishan Scholar Project Fund of Shandong Province of China
文摘Targeted genotyping is an extremely powerful approach for the detection of known genetic variations that are biologically or clinically important.However,for non-model organisms,large-scale target geno-typing in a cost-effective manner remains a major challenge.To address this issue,we present an ultrahigh-multiplex,in-solution probe array-based high-throughput diverse marker genotyping(HD-Marker)approach that is capable of targeted genotyping of up to 86000 loci,with coverage of the whole gene repertoire,in what is a 27-fold and six-fold multiplex increase in comparison with the conventional Illumina GoldenGate and original HD-Marker assays,respectively.We perform extensive analyses of var-ious ultrahigh-multiplex levels of HD-Marker(30 k-plex,56 k-plex,and 86 k-plex)and show the power and excellent performance of the proposed method with an extremely high capture rate(about 96%)and genotyping accuracy(about 96%).With great advantages in terms of cost(as low as 0.0006 USD per geno-type)and high technical flexibility,HD-Marker is a highly efficient and powerful tool with broad appli-cation potential for genetic,ecological,and evolutionary studies of non-model organisms.
