Three-dimensional Finite Element Analysis of the Mechanical Properties of Helical Thread Connection

Conventional analytical and numerical methods for the mechanical properties of helical threads are relied on many assumptions and approximations and thus hardly yield satisfied results. A parameterized 3D finite element model of bolted joints with real helical thread geometry is established and meshed with refined hexahedral elements. The Von Mises plasticity criterion, kinematic hardening rule of materials and interfacial contacts are employed to make it possible for the suggested model be able to approach real assembly conditions. Then, the mechanical properties of bolted joints with different thread pitches, thread numbers and modular ratios are investigated, including the contact pressure distribution at joint interfaces, the axial load distribution and stress concentration in screw threads during the loading and unloading process. Simulation results indicate that the load distribution in screw threads produced by the suggested model agrees well the results from CHEN’s photoelastic tests. In addition, an interesting phenomenon is found that tightening the bolt with a large preload first and then adjusting the clamping force by unloading can make the load distribution more uniform and reduce the maximum residual equivalent stress in thread roots by up to 40%. This research provides a simple and practical approach to constructing the 3D finite element model and predicting the mechanical properties of helical thread connection.

Three-dimensional finite element analysis on effects of tunnel construction on nearby pile foundation

A three-dimensional finite element simulation was carried out to investigate the effects of tunnel construction on nearby pile foundation.The displacement controlled model (DCM) was used to simulate the tunneling-induced volume loss effects.The numerical model was verified based on the results of a centrifuge test and a set of parametric studies was implemented based on this model.There is good agreement between the trend of the results of the centrifuge test and the present model.The results of parametric studies show that the tunnelling-induced pile internal force and deformation depend mainly on the pile?tunnel distance,the pile length to tunnel depth ratio and the volume loss.Two different zones are separated by a 45° line projected from the tunnel springline.Within the zone of influence,the pile is subjected to tensile force and large settlement;whereas outside the zone of influence,dragload and small settlement are induced.It is also established that the impact of tunnelling on a pile group is substantially smaller as compared with a single pile in the same location with the rear pile in a group,demonstrating a positive pile group effect.

Validation and application of three-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis with tetrahedron finite element meshed block

In the last decade, three dimensional discontin- uous deformation analyses （3D DDA） has attracted more and more attention of researchers and geotechnical engineers worldwide. The original DDA formulation utilizes a linear displacement function to describe the block movement and deformation, which would cause block expansion under rigid body rotation and thus limit its capability to model block de- formation. In this paper, 3D DDA is coupled with tetrahe- dron finite elements to tackle these two problems. Tetrahe- dron is the simplest in the 3D domain and makes it easy to implement automatic discretization, even for complex topol- ogy shape. Furthermore, element faces will remain planar and element edges will remain straight after deformation for tetrahedron finite elements and polyhedral contact detection schemes can be used directly. The matrices of equilibrium equations for this coupled method are given in detail and an effective contact searching algorithm is suggested. Valida- tion is conducted by comparing the results of the proposed coupled method with that of physical model tests using one of the most common failure modes, i.e., wedge failure. Most of the failure modes predicted by the coupled method agree with the physical model results except for 4 cases out of the total 65 cases. Finally, a complex rockslide example demon- strates the robustness and versatility of the coupled method.

Evaluation value of three-dimensional finite element model analysis for bone mineral density and bone metabolism activity in patients with osteoporosis

Objective: To study the evaluation value of three-dimensional finite element model analysis for bone mineral density (BMD) and bone metabolism activity in patients with osteoporosis. Methods: A total of 218 patients who were diagnosed with osteoporosis in the hospital between February 2014 and January 2017 were collected as observation group, and 100 healthy volunteers who received physical examination in the hospital during the same period were selected as normal control group. The femoral head of the two groups was analyzed by three-dimensional finite element model, and the femoral head BMD levels and serum bone metabolism index contents were measured. Pearson test was used to evaluate the evaluation value of femoral head three-dimensional finite element model for osteoporosis. Results: The cancellous bone and cortical bone Von Mises stress value of observation group were lower than those of normal control group, and femoral neck BMD value of observation group was lower than that of normal control group;serum bone metabolism index BGP content was lower than that of normal control group while NBAP, TRACP-5b and CTX-1 contents were higher than those of normal control group. Pearson test showed that the cancellous bone and cortical bone Von Mises stress value of patients with osteoporosis were directly correlated with BMD value and bone metabolism index contents. Conclusion: The three-dimensional finite element model analysis resultsof patients with osteoporosis can objectively reflect the femoral headBMD value and bone metabolism activity, and is a reliable way to evaluate the risk of long-term fractures.

Three-Dimensional Finite Element Numerical Simulation and Physical Experiment for Magnetism-Stress Detecting in Oil Casing

The casing damage has been a big problem in oilfield production. The current detection methods mostly are used after casing damage, which is not very effective. With the rapid development of China's offshore oil industry, the number of offshore oil wells is becoming larger and larger. Because the cost of offshore oil well is very high, the casing damage will cause huge economic losses. What's more, it can also bring serious pollution to marine environment. So the effective methods of detecting casing damage are required badly. The accumulation of stress is the main reason for the casing damage. Magnetic anisotropy technique based on counter magnetostriction effect can detect the stress of casing in real time and help us to find out the hidden dangers in time. It is essential for us to prevent the casing damage from occurring. However, such technique is still in the development stage. Previous studies mostly got the relationship between stress and magnetic signals by physical experiment, and the study of physical mechanism in relative magnetic permeability connecting the stress and magnetic signals is rarely reported. The present paper uses the ANSYS to do the three-dimensional finite element numerical simulation to study how the relative magnetic permeability works for the oil casing model. We find that the quantitative relationship between the stress' s variation and magnetic induction intensity's variation is: Δδ =K* ΔB, K = 8.04×109, which is proved correct by physical experiment.

Three-Dimensional Thermo-Elastic-Plastic Finite Element Method Modeling for Predicting Weld-Induced Residual Stresses and Distortions in Steel Stiffened-Plate Structures

The objective of the present paper is to develop nonlinear finite element method models for predicting the weld-induced initial deflection and residual stress of plating in steel stiffened-plate structures. For this purpose, three-dimensional thermo-elastic-plastic finite element method computations are performed with varying plate thickness and weld bead length (leg length) in welded plate panels, the latter being associated with weld heat input. The finite element models are verified by a comparison with experimental database which was obtained by the authors in separate studies with full scale measurements. It is concluded that the nonlinear finite element method models developed in the present paper are very accurate in terms of predicting the weld-induced initial imperfections of steel stiffened plate structures. Details of the numerical computations together with test database are documented.

Stress Distribution in Maxillary Central Incisors without Ferrules: A Finite Element Analysis of Post and Core Systems

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify optimal post and core materials for central incisors without ferrules using three-dimensional finite element analysis and three-point bending tests. Methods: Stress analyses were performed with six models: cast metal post and core (MP), composite resin core alone, straight fiber-reinforced post-composite resin core (FSR), tapered fiber-reinforced post-composite resin core, straight titanium post-composite resin core (TSR), and tapered titanium post-composite resin core (TTR). A 100-N load was applied to the lingual surface at a 45° angle to the long axis of the tooth. Maximum von Mises stress distributions were calculated with finite element analysis software. Five samples each of composite resin, straight fiber-reinforced post, straight titanium post, straight fiber-reinforced post and composite resin, and straight titanium post and composite resin were subjected to three-point bending tests, followed by analysis of variance and Tukey’s multiple comparison test. Results: Stress distribution was optimal on TTR. Maximum von Mises stress on the cervical side of the post was greatest in TSR (693 MPa) and TTR (556 MPa). Maximum stress on the apical side of the post was greatest in MP (110 MPa). Maximum stress in surrounding dentin was lowest in MP (203 MPa) and TTR (250 MPa). Gap distance was smallest in MP (0.09 mm) and largest in FSR (0.26 mm). Mean maximum three-point bending force was lowest in composite resin (26.9 N/mm) and highest in titanium post and composite resin (97.1 N/mm). Titanium post bending strength was consistently greater than that of the fiber-reinforced post (p < 0.01). Conclusion: These results revealed optimal stress distribution and high bending strength with the tapered titanium post and resin combination, suggesting that this combination can most effectively prevent root or post fracture in an anterior tooth without a ferrule.

Importance of Three-Dimensional Piezoelectric Coupling Modeling in Quantitative Analysis of Piezoelectric Actuators

This paper demonstrates the importance of three-dimensional(3-D)piezoelectric coupling in the electromechanical behavior of piezoelectric devices using three-dimensional finite element analyses based on weak and strong coupling models for a thin cantilevered piezoelectric bimorph actuator.It is found that there is a significant difference between the strong and weak coupling solutions given by coupling direct and inverse piezoelectric effects(i.e.,piezoelectric coupling effect).In addition,there is significant longitudinal bending caused by the constraint of the inverse piezoelectric effect in the width direction at the fixed end(i.e.,3-D effect).Hence,modeling of these effects or 3-D piezoelectric coupling modeling is an electromechanical basis for the piezoelectric devices,which contributes to the accurate prediction of their behavior.

A New Method for 3D Finite Element Modeling of Human Mandible Based on CT Data

This study presents a reliable method for the semi-automatic generation of an FE model, which determines both geometrical data and bone properties from patient CT scans.3D FE analysis is one of the best approaches to predict the stress and strain distribution in complex bone structures, but its accuracy strongly depends on the precision of input information. In geometric reconstruction, various methods of image processing, geometric modeling and finite element analysis are combined and extended. Emphasis is given to the assignment of the material properties based on the density values computed from CT data. Through this technique, the model with high geometric and material similarities were generated in an easy way. Consequently, the patient-specific FE model from mandible CT data is realized also.

MATHEMATICAL MODEL OF MILLING TEMPERATURE AND TEMPERATURE FIELD ANALYSIS FOR THREE-DIMEN-SIONAL COMPLEX GROOVE MILLING INSERT

The mathematical model on the temperature of the waved-edge is constructedaccording to Jaeger's theory of moving solid and based on the used temperature model of the flatinsert. It is possible to forecast the milling temperature through programming. The comparableexperiments have been done between the two new three-dimension groove inserts (waved-edge insert,great edge insert) and flat fake insert. The theoretic forecast is in good agreement with theexperimental result. According to the cutting conditions, the boundary condition of finite elementanalysis on cutting temperature field is established, and the three-dimensional temperature fieldsof inserts with grooves are analyzed by FEM, so as to offer a reference basis for the design andoptimization of insert grooves.

Mechanical analysis of the femoral neck dynamic intersection system with different nail angles and clinical applications

BACKGROUND The femoral neck dynamic intersection system(FNS)is mechanically more stable than other internal fixation techniques.Current studies have confirmed that the structural design of FNS has good biomechanical properties in European and American populations.However,whether the suitability of the FNS's 130°main nail angle design for Asian populations has been thoroughly investigated remains unclear.AIM To compare the biomechanical stability differences among different main nail angles of the FNS in the treatment of femoral neck fractures in Asian populations.METHODS Computed tomography data of the femur of healthy adult male volunteers were imported into Mimics software to create a three-dimensional model of the femur.The model was adapted to the curve using Geomagic software and imported into Solidworks software to construct the Pauwels I femoral neck fracture model and design the FNS internal fixation model using different main nail angles.Afterward,the models were assembled with the FNS fracture model and meshed using the preprocessing Hypermesh software.Subsequently,they were imported into Abaqus software to analyze and evaluate the biomechanical effects of different angles of the FNS main nail on the treatment of femoral neck fractures.RESULTS The peak displacement of the proximal femur under different angles of FNS fixation under stress was 7.446 millimeters in the 120°group and 7.416 millimeters in the 125°group;in the 130°,135°,and 140°FNS fixation groups,the peak displacement was 7.324 millimeters,8.138 millimeters,and 8.246 millimeters,respectively.In the 120°and 125°FNS fixation groups,the maximum stresses were concentrated at the main nail and the anti-rotation screw,which intersected the fracture line of the femur neck,resulting in peak stresses of 200.7 MPa and 138.8 MPa,respectively.Peak stresses of 208.8 MPa,219.8 MPa,and 239.3 MPa were observed on the angular locking plate distal to the locking screw in the 130°,135°,and 140°fixation groups.CONCLUSION FNS has significant stress distribution properties,a minimal proximal femoral displacement,and an optimal stability for treating femoral neck fractures in Asian populations when performed with a 130°main nail angle.

Stochastic analysis of excavation-induced wall deflection and box culvert settlement considering spatial variability of soil stiffness

In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) finite element modelling (FEM) analysis is carried out to investigate the effects of soil spatial variability on the response of retaining walls and an adjacent box culvert due to a braced excavation. The spatial variability of soil stiffness is modelled using a variogram and calibrated by high-quality experimental data. Multiple random field samples (RFSs) of soil stiffness are generated using geostatistical analysis and mapped onto a finite element mesh for stochastic analysis of excavation-induced structural responses by Monte Carlo simulation. It is found that the spatial variability of soil stiffness can be described by an exponential variogram, and the associated vertical correlation length is varied from 1.3 m to 1.6 m. It also reveals that the spatial variability of soil stiffness has a significant effect on the variations of retaining wall deflections and box culvert settlements. The ignorance of spatial variability in 3D FEM can result in an underestimation of lateral wall deflections and culvert settlements. Thus, the stochastic structural responses obtained from the 3D analysis could serve as an effective aid for probabilistic design and analysis of excavations.

不同螺纹种植体修复下颌第一磨牙即刻负荷的初始稳定性比较

背景:螺纹结构的锥形种植体具有良好控制微动的能力,有利于即刻负荷,但有关双螺纹锥柱状和锥形柱状锥形种植体对即刻负荷后种植体-骨界面应力分布和初始稳定性的影响尚未见文献报道。目的:探讨双螺纹锥柱状和锥形柱状种植体在下颌磨牙区即刻负荷时对种植体及周围骨界面生物力学分布的影响。方法:①三维有限元分析:利用锥形束CT扫描1名志愿者下颌骨及第一磨牙,建立下颌骨基准模型,将双螺纹锥柱状和锥形柱状种植体分别与下颌骨模型组装,建立下颌第一磨牙即刻种植(或延期种植)即刻负荷种植体模型(共4组模型),对每个模型牙冠中央窝处分别加载轴向、舌颊45°向、近远中向、颊舌4个方向的载荷(100 N),利用三维有限元分析种植体位移和种植体-骨界面应力分布情况。②体外实验:在口腔种植机器人的辅助下,将双螺纹锥柱状和锥形柱状种植体分别植入相同的人工骨块上,建立种植体即刻种植(或延期种植)即刻负荷体外模型(共4组模型),用Osstell共振频率分析仪及配套的SmartPeg传感器测量前、后、左、右4个垂直方向的种植体稳定系数值,评估其初始稳定性,验证有限元分析结果。结果与结论:①延期种植即刻负荷时,锥形柱状种植体和双螺纹锥柱状种植体的位移相差较小,但锥形柱状种植体-骨界面最大应力值大于双螺纹锥柱状种植体-骨界面;即刻种植即刻负荷时,种植体周围骨的最大应力值和最大位移量均出现在近远中向施加载荷时,其中锥形柱状种植体应力值达到了298.84 MPa,最大位移量为0.31 mm,均大于双螺纹锥柱状种植体;②体外实验结果显示,双螺纹锥柱状种植体的种植体稳定系数值均大于锥形柱状种植体;③与锥形柱状种植体相比,双螺纹锥柱状种植体在即刻负荷时具有较高的初始稳定性,提示临床上即刻负荷时可优先考虑使用双螺纹锥柱状种植体。

反向式行星滚柱丝杠副的螺纹牙修形设计

基于反向式行星滚柱丝杠副(Inverted Planetary Roller Screw Mechanism,IPRSM)的螺纹牙载荷分布情况,分析了滚柱修形和丝杠修形对其载荷分布的影响。结果表明,丝杠-滚柱接触侧的载荷不均程度比长螺母-滚柱接触侧严重,对滚柱修形后,最大接触应力以及最大载荷得到了有效降低,螺纹牙上的载荷分布更加均匀;而长螺母-滚柱接触侧对修形量变化较丝杠-滚柱接触侧更加敏感。同样,丝杠修形可有效降低最大载荷。研究对优化IPRSM的载荷分布具有一定的参考意义。

不同颌骨密度下种植体设计对其骨界面应力分布影响的有限元分析

目的探索不同骨质条件下,种植体外形设计对初始稳定性的影响,为种植体结构设计优化提供生物力学实验数据和理论参考依据。方法利用Solid Works软件建立颌骨和种植体模型,其中种植体颌骨模型包括颈部、体部和底部模型,分为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型骨,种植体模型分为颈部、体部、底部模型;通过Ansys有限元分析软件对模型在垂直向100 N载荷作用下产生的等效应力峰值进行分析,以筛选等效应力峰值在骨屈服强度值以下的结构;进一步对这些结构设计进行正交实验,对比分析在垂直向100 N载荷作用下,各种结构组合的种植体在不同骨质类型中的等效应力峰值,从而得到各设计对初始稳定性的影响并确定最优的结构设计。结果在颈部Ⅰ、Ⅱ型颌骨模型中,种植体颈部深度设计对初始稳定性的影响最大;在颈部Ⅲ型颌骨模型中,种植体颈部螺距设计对初始稳定性的影响最大;在体部各种颌骨模型中,种植体体部深度设计对初始稳定性影响最大;而种植体底部切割刃设计并不能增加种植体的初始稳定性。结论在临床种植体选择及开发设计中,应根据不同骨质类型选择不同的设计参数,在Ⅰ、Ⅱ型骨中更注重颈部以及体部螺纹深度的选择,在Ⅲ型骨中应更注重颈部螺距以及体部深度的选择。

高压反应釜螺纹式快开结构强度分析

为了解决工程中常用的卡箍式及齿啮式快开结构反应釜难于满足介质操作过程中均温性要求的问题,笔者设计了一种均温性能良好的螺纹式快开结构反应釜装置,用于热塑性聚氨酯弹性体(thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer,TPU)材料生产以提高其生产质量。分别建立平盖、碗形盖和凸形盖3种快开结构有限元模型,分析螺纹应力分布情况并进行设计压力工况及热-力耦合工况的应力强度评定。结果表明:3种快开结构的筒体端部内螺纹根部应力整体高于釜盖外螺纹,其应力均随着螺纹扣数增加而减小;2种工况下3种快开结构的最大应力均出现在第1扣螺纹根部,当考虑温度载荷影响时,热应力分别增大了13.97%,9.30%和4.79%,应力和疲劳强度均满足要求。对比表明凸形盖螺纹式快开结构承压承温的综合性能较好。

HST特殊螺纹油套管力学与密封性能有限元分析

为研究HST特殊螺纹油套管接头在机紧工况和拉伸工况下的连接性能和密封性能,采用Abaqus有限元软件,改变管体与接箍密封面过盈量和管体受力,分析2种工况下接头扭矩台肩、密封面和螺纹牙应力及接触压力。通过分析得到机紧工况下管体密封面最大过盈量为0.09 mm,拉伸工况下接头连接性能和密封性能减弱。研究结果可为HST特殊螺纹油套管的实际应用提供理论指导。

空心薄壁螺纹结构的拧紧力矩分析

空心薄壁螺纹结构是一种常见的应用于小型化部件装配的紧固结构.为了研究其力学性能,建立了某型号空心薄壁螺纹结构的有限元模型,开展了拧紧力矩的仿真分析.考虑了预紧力矩的影响,研究了在拧紧过程中螺纹面上的接触应力的分布,以及不同材料对于空心薄壁螺纹能承受的拧紧力矩的影响,得到了结构能承受的最大拧紧力矩,与实验结果误差约为1.5%.研究发现,不同预紧力矩下,结构能承受的最大拧紧力矩近似不变,并且当外螺纹件材料为铍青铜C17300Y,内螺纹件材料为不锈钢S30408时,空心薄壁螺纹结构能承受的最大拧紧力矩最大.计算结果阐明了拧紧过程中空心薄壁螺纹结构发生断裂失效的原因,对空心薄壁螺纹结构的设计具有一定的理论指导作用.

新型钻具特殊螺纹优化设计

随着勘探开发向深部发展,对钻具接头的连接强度提出了更高的要求。根据钻具接头受载时螺纹牙的力学特征,设计出一种双台肩锯齿状螺纹牙新型特殊螺纹接头,该结构内表面平滑,降低压耗,螺纹锥度小。文章基于接头抗扭性能理论计算公式与螺纹牙变形原理,提出了一种新型钻具特殊螺纹结构,利用正交优化的方法优选结构参数,得到最优参数为锥度1∶16,螺距7.25 mm,牙高4.10 mm,承载角-3°,导向角45°。进而采用ABAQUS对比计算了普通接头、双台肩接头、新型钻具特殊螺纹接头在井下拉扭复合载荷下的承载性能。结果表明,相较于普通接头和双台肩接头,新型钻具特殊螺纹接头水眼增大10.3%,抗拉性能分别提升15.4%和10.9%,应力集中分别优化22.0%和16.6%,特殊螺纹接头的疲劳寿命分别提高11.2%和7.6%。

不同内固定方式固定Herscovici B型及C型内踝骨折的有限元分析

目的 应用有限元分析法,探究不同内固定方式及不同置入角度固定Herscovici B型及C型内踝骨折的生物力学稳定性。方法 应用Mimics 19.0软件建立胫骨远端三维模型,通过Geomagic Studio 2013及SolidWorks 2017软件对模型进行加工以及内置物的装配,建立Herscovici B型及C型内踝骨折以及全螺纹螺钉、半螺纹螺钉、克氏针张力带三种不同内固定模型。运用ANSYS Workbench 17.0有限元分析软件对模型进行参数设定以及载荷施加,分析骨折端应力、位移及内置物应力及位移等情况,并进行统计分析。结果 对于Herscovici B型骨折,在相同载荷下,三种内固定方式均在与骨折线成130°~140°角范围内的置入角度下最稳定(P<0.05);载荷及内置物置入角度都相同的条件下,全螺纹螺钉组相对于其他两种内固定方式更稳定。对于Herscovici C型骨折,在相同载荷下,三种内固定方式均在与骨折线成130°~140°角范围内的置入角度下最稳定(P<0.05);载荷及内置物置入角度都相同的条件下,全螺纹螺钉组相对于其他两种内固定方式更稳定。结论 针对Herscovici B型及C型骨折,全螺纹螺钉相较于半螺纹螺钉及克氏针张力带稳定性更佳,且置入角度为与骨折线成130°~140°角范围内的稳定效果更好。这对临床治疗Herscovici B型及C型内踝骨折具有参考意义。