Computerized three-dimensional design system for rectangular tile coating on hull surface

To better guide the coating process of rectangular tiles on a ship hull, a computerized three-dimensional design method is proposed. Research was done on a tile generating algorithm, tile laying design flow, tiles gap examination algorithm, and tiles slight displacement, as well as cutting and rotating algorithms.A three-dimensional design system was developed using an MDT platform. The application of this system indicates that using the design arrangement to coat tiles on a ship’s hull can result in enhanced coating quality.

Micro-computerized Three-dimensional Reconstruction of the Palmar Arteries and Its Clinical Significance

Thirty adult upper extremities were used to study the arteries of the hand byangiography,cross-sectional dissection and three-dimensional reconstruction withmicrocomputer.The arterial skeleton of the palm was composed of superficial,deep anddorsal planes.There were three main anastomotic pathways between the radial and ulnararteries or their branches in the radio-ulnar direction,while in the palmar dorsal dirce-tion there were three anastomotic zones between the palrnar and dorsal arterial plancs.The branches of the deep palmar arch radiated distally,proximally,palmarly anddorsally,so that the arch acted as the center of the arterial network of the hand.Thetransverse arterial allocations in the carpo-metacarpal segment of the palm were four intypes,but in the mid-palmar and metacarpo-phalangcal segments were three only.Accord-ing to the sources,cross-sectional area,irrigation territories and anastomoses of the ar-teries in each segment,the clinical significance in the rcplantation of the amputatcd palmshas been

Breeding design in wheat by combining the QTL information in a GWAS panel with a general genetic map and computer simulation

A large amount of genome-wide association study(GWAS)panels together with quantitative-trait locus(QTL)information associated with breeding-targeted traits have been described in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.).However,the application of mapping results from a GWAS panel to conventional wheat breeding remains a challenge.In this study,we first report a general genetic map which was constructed from 44 published linkage maps.It permits the estimation of genetic distances between any two genetic loci with physical map positions,thereby unifying the linkage relationships between QTL,genes,and genomic markers from multiple genetic populations.Second,we describe QTL mapping in a wheat GWAS panel of 688 accessions,identifying 77 QTL associated with 12 yield and grain-quality traits.Because these QTL have known physical map positions,they could be mapped onto the general map.Finally,we present a design approach to wheat breeding by using known QTL information and computer simulation.Potential crosses between parents in the GWAS panel may be evaluated by the relative frequency of the target genotype,trait correlations in simulated progeny populations,and genetic gain of selected progenies.It is possible to simultaneously improve yield and grain quality by suitable parental selection,progeny population size,and progeny selection scheme.Applying the design approach will allow identifying the most promising crosses and selection schemes in advance of the field experiment,increasing predictability and efficiency in wheat breeding.

Experimental Design for Computer System Platform Course

The computer system platform course is a comprehensive platform course formed by modifying and optimizing the content of the relevant basic courses of computer major to meet the requirement for basic computer knowledge in digital media technology major.The scope and extent of the course content make its experimental design more challenging.By considering the scope of contents,the difficulty of experiments,and the rationality of intrinsic logic,the experiments covering from operating system to computer network are designed.The relevance and continuity of the experiments are ensured,so as to achieve the goals of promoting students’understanding of key concepts,improving their hands-on ability,cultivating their interest,and guiding their self-learning within the limited class time.

DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF A 3-DIMENSIONAL COMPUTER AIDED GARMENT DESIGN SYSTEM

A 3-Dimensional computer aided garment design (CAGD) system has been developed andimplemented on a high-performance workstation. We studied various approaches to the func-tional modelling of garment designs for the system. According to the characteristic data of a hu-man body, the models of human body and the garment are displayed on the screen, then we canmodify the garment with various styles and different sizes. The system can transform the 3-Dgarment to the 2-D pieces. The system has improved design efficiency. Various potential alterna-tives and improvement of the system have also been studied and explored.

Grid-based computer-generated holograms synthesizing for holographic three-dimensional display

To reduce the computing time of composite computer-generated holograms （CGHs） gen- eration based upon the angular projection algorithm for holographic three-dimensional （3D） display, a grid-based holographic display （ GHD ） scheme was designed. The grid computing technology was applied to numerically process the different angular projections of an object in distributed-parallel manner to create the corresponding CGHs. The whole treatment of a projection was regarded as a job executed on the grid node machine. The number of jobs which were submitted to grid nodes, therefore, was equal to that of the projections of the object. A Condor-based grid testbed was constructed to verify the feasibility of the GHD scheme, and a graphical user interface （GUI） program and several service modules were developed for it. A 3D terrain model as an example was processed on the testbed. The result showed that the scheme was feasible and able to improve the execution elficiency greatly.

Three-Dimensional Space Interpolation of Grey / Depth Image Sequence-A New Technique of Computer Graphics Synthesis

This paper advances a three-dimensional space interpolation method of grey / depth image sequence, which breaks free from the limit of original practical photographing route. Pictures can cruise at will in space. By using space sparse sampling, great memorial capacity can be saved and reproduced scenes can be controlled. To solve time consuming and complex computations in three-dimensional interpolation algorithm, we have studied a fast and practical algorithm of scattered space lattice and that of 'Warp' algorithm with proper depth. By several simple aspects of three dimensional space interpolation, we succeed in developing some simple and practical algorithms. Some results of simulated experiments with computers have shown that the new method is absolutely feasible.

Development of a Percentile Based Three-dimensional Model of the Buttocks in Computer System

There are diverse products related to human buttocks, which need to be designed, manufactured and evaluated with 3D buttock model. The 3D buttock model used in present research field is just simple approximate model similar to human buttocks. The 3D buttock percentile model is highly desired in the ergonomics design and evaluation for these products. So far, there is no research on the percentile sizing system of human 3D buttock model. So the purpose of this paper is to develop a new method for building three-dimensional buttock percentile model in computer system. After scanning the 3D shape of buttocks, the cloud data of 3D points is imported into the reverse engineering software（Geomagic） for the reconstructing of the buttock surface model. Five characteristic dimensions of the buttock are measured through mark-points after models being imported into engineering software CATIA. A series of space points are obtained by the intersecting of the cutting slices and 3D buttock surface model, and then are ordered based on the sequence number of the horizontal and vertical slices. The 1st, 5th, 50 th, 95 th, 99 th percentile values of the five dimensions and the spatial coordinate values of the space points are obtained, and used to reconstruct percentile buttock models. This research proposes a establishing method of percentile sizing system of buttock 3D model based on the percentile values of the ischial tuberosities diameter, the distances from margin to ischial tuberosity and the space coordinates value of coordinate points, for establishing the Nth percentile 3D buttock model and every special buttock types model. The proposed method also serves as a useful guidance for the other 3D percentile models establishment for other part in human body with characteristic points.

Construction and Analysis of Three-dimensional Graphic Model of Single-chain Fv Derived from an Anti-human Placental Acidic Isoferritin Monoclonal Antibody by Computer

Summary: A three-dimensional (3D) graphic model of a single-chain Fv (scFv) which was derived from an anti-human placental acidic isoferritin (PAF) monoclonal antibody (MAb) was construct- ed by a homologous protein-predicting computer algorithm on Silicon graphic computer station. The structure, surface static electricity and hydrophobicity of scFv were investigated. Computer graphic modelling indicated that all regions of scFv including the linker, variable regions of the heavy (VH) and light (VL) chains were suitable. The VH region and the VL region were involved in composing the 'hydrophobic pocket'. The linker was drifted away VH and VL regions. The complementarity determining regions (CDRs) of VH and VL regions surrounded the 'hydrophobic pocket'. This study provides a theory basis for improving antibody affinity, investigating antibody structure and analyzing the functions of VH and VL regions in antibody activity.

Three-Dimensional Computerized Tomography-Assisted Identification of Necrotic Volume, Distribution, Shape and Prognosis of Collapse in ONFH

Objective: We constructed 3D-model of ONFH in computer according to three-dimensional computerized tomography (3D-CT) data. We determined the location and volume of necrosis to investigate its clinical efficacy. Method: Totally 92 hips (59 cases) with ONFH (44 males, 15 females) were included, with mean age of 37.5 years (range from 26 to 58). Totally 20 cases (35 hips) were induced by corticosteroid (CTSs), 31 (49 hips) induced by alcohol, 4 (4 hips) induced by trauma and 4 (4 hips) idiopathic. All the hips were categorized into stage ARCO II. Finally diagnosed by MRI, all hips were scanned by CT to acquire data in DICOM format. The images were imported into software to extract 3D-shape of femoral heads, necrotic foci, their volumes and distribution in each quadrant. Deviation of volumes between digital image and biopsy specimen was analyzed by SAS9.1 package. Correlativity between collapse and volume of necrosis under specific pathogeneses was also analyzed. Among the cases necessitating total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to advancing to ARCO III, we randomly selected 8 of them to perform 3D-CT scanning thrice prior to surgical operation. Total femoral heads harvested were torn asunder. Cubic capacity of femoral heads and necrotic foci were hereby measured and compared with those acquired from digital models. Result: Through the digital model, necrotic foci were found mainly locating within the super lateral portion of femoral head, coinciding with those observed in biopsy specimen. Average volumetric ratio of digitally acquired necrosis focus/femoral head in 58 collapsed hips was 36.8%. The ratio of the 34 hips without collapse was 17.3%. In collapsed femoral heads, the distribution of necrosis focus was 23.4% in quadrant 1 (q1), 23.6% in q2, 12.1% in q3, 14.4% in q4, 9.0% in q5, 11.8% in q6, 1.6% in q7 and 3.9% in q8. In femoral heads without collapse, the distribution was 34.2% in q1, 29.6% in q2, 11.8% in q3, 11.3% in q4, 6.0% in q5, 6.0% in q6, 0.5% in q7 and 0.4% in q8. As for the average cubic capacities of femoral heads and necrotic foci, those acquired from the digital model and biopsy specimen had no significant difference in matched-pairs test (t = -1.49, P = 0.179 for femoral heads and t = -1.52, P = 0.172 for necrotic foci). There was significant difference (F = 2.720, P = 0.035 P was respectively 0.0001 and 0.0005). Decision tree model showed that 94.6% (53/56) hips would progress into collapse if the volumetric ratio of necrotic tissue was over 23.48%. Otherwise, if distribution in q2 was over 45.13%, 83.3% (5/6) hips would progress into collapse. No collapse (0/30) would occur if the distribution of necrotic tissue in q2 was under 45.13%. Conclusion: Digital 3D-model reconstructed from CT scanning can precisely incarnate spatial orientation of necrotic foci in femoral head. Multinomial logistic regression and decision-making tree shows that volumetric ratio of necrotic tissues plays an important role in anticipating collapse of femoral head.

A COMPUTER CODE FASTOR-3D FOR TRANSIENT THREE-DIMENSIONAL SIMULATION ON FLOW AND HEAT TRANS-FER WITH POROSITY APPROXIMATION

Upon the conservation of mass, momentum and energy, volume fraction and surface penetrative rate were employed to modify the conservative equations to simulate the effect of blockages on fluid flows and heat transfer. These equations were solved numerically with the finite differential method and the primitive variable approach. This method uses staggered grid and pressure correction schemes. A computer code FASTOR3D integrated the aforementioned algorithm. The preliminary results have been compared with conventional benchmark solutions. With auxiliary software DV, the numerical results were visualized in colorful images to demonstrate the variation of flow patterns and temperature profiles during the transient process. The results of the simulation code for the fluid flows and heat transfer in the sodium pool of a fast breeder reactor are acceptable.

The computer-aided design method of cabinet based on style imagery

Due to the practical problems of the high costs and the long development cycle of China’s cabinet production,a computer-aided design method of the cabinet based on style imagery is proposed.According to the principle of the conjoint analysis method, the rough set theory and the weight coefficient of different components of the cabinet,a multi-dimensional model of style imagery to evaluate the cabinet is built. Then the related constants of style imagery are calculated and the cabinet components library is also built by the three-dimensional modeling.Finally,with recombinant technology and the mapping model between cabinet style and external characteristics,the prototype system based on Visual Studio is proposed.This system actualizes the bidirectional reasoning between product style imagery and the shape features,which can assist designers to produce more creative designs,greatly improve the efficiency of cabinet development and increase the profits of companies.

Research on Computer Aided Design （CAD） Technique and Novel Pattern for Electronic Architectural Drawing and Perspective

With the progress of computer technology, CAD technique is urgent needed. In this paper, we conduct numerical and theoretical analysis and research on computer aided design technique and novel pattern for electronic architectural drawing and perspective. AUTOCAD drawing soRware because of its versatility and easy entry, in engineering has broad user base, but also because of the basis of general drawing software, often cannot directly use of the existing order efficiently complete professional drawing. We modify the current pattern and introduce our proposed pattern for advancement. The experiment proves the effectiveness of the pattern. In addition, we will conduct more insightful research in the future to nolish the current anoroach.

Digitizing the Undigitized: Converting Traditional Archaeological Records into Computerized, Three-Dimensional Site Reconstruction

Archaeological excavation involves disintegration, removal, and reassembly of the archaeological record;as such it is considered by many to be an unrepeatable, destructive activity. This perception has contributed to an advancement in archaeological practice, namely, the development of computerized recording systems that digitally record archaeological excavations spatially and volumetrically during fieldwork. This paper is concerned with those archaeological sites where digital field recording has not been done. These sites, recorded by traditional methods, should not be excluded from attempts to restructure the spatial, volumetric, and stratigraphic archaeological data. A thorough methodology for the conversion of traditional records into digitized data is presented, including the detailed procedures required for three-dimensional plotting of recorded data—both the excavated material and the drawn site maps and cross-sections. Finally, the use of these methods is demonstrated on a complex Early to Middle Pleistocene site, illustrating the benefits of digitization and three-dimensional reconstruction in resolving stratigraphic and spatial questions.

Computer-based Creativity Enhanced Conceptual Design Model for Non-routine Design of Mechanical Systems

Computer-based conceptual design for routine design has made great strides, yet non-routine design has not been given due attention, and it is still poorly automated. Considering that the function-behavior-structure（FBS） model is widely used for modeling the conceptual design process, a computer-based creativity enhanced conceptual design model（CECD） for non-routine design of mechanical systems is presented. In the model, the leaf functions in the FBS model are decomposed into and represented with fine-grain basic operation actions（BOA）, and the corresponding BOA set in the function domain is then constructed. Choosing building blocks from the database, and expressing their multiple functions with BOAs, the BOA set in the structure domain is formed. Through rule-based dynamic partition of the BOA set in the function domain, many variants of regenerated functional schemes are generated. For enhancing the capability to introduce new design variables into the conceptual design process, and dig out more innovative physical structure schemes, the indirect function-structure matching strategy based on reconstructing the combined structure schemes is adopted. By adjusting the tightness of the partition rules and the granularity of the divided BOA subsets, and making full use of the main function and secondary functions of each basic structure in the process of reconstructing of the physical structures, new design variables and variants are introduced into the physical structure scheme reconstructing process, and a great number of simpler physical structure schemes to accomplish the overall function organically are figured out. The creativity enhanced conceptual design model presented has a dominant capability in introducing new deign variables in function domain and digging out simpler physical structures to accomplish the overall function, therefore it can be utilized to solve non-routine conceptual design problem.

OPTIMIZATION DESIGN OF HYDRAULIC MANIFOLD BLOCKS BASED ON HUMAN-COMPUTER COOPERATIVE GENETIC ALGORITHM

Optimization design of hydraulic manifold blocks (HMB) is studied as acomplex solid spatial layout problem. Based on comprehensive research into structure features anddesign rules of HMB, an optimal mathematical model for this problem is presented. Usinghuman-computer cooperative genetic algorithm (GA) and its hybrid optitation strategies, integratedlayout and connection design schemes of HMB can be automatically optimized. An example is given totestify it.

Application of computer-aided engineering optimum design method in aluminum profile extrusion mould

The finite element analysis and the optimum design of aluminum profile extrusion mould were investigated using the ANSYS software and its parameterized modeling method. The optimum dimensions of the mould were obtained. It is found that the stress distribution is very uneven, and the stress convergence is rather severe in the bridge of the aluminum profile extrusion mould. The optimum height of the mould is 70.527 mm, and the optimum radius of dividing holes are 70.182 mm and 80.663 mm. Increasing the height of the mould in the range of 61.282 mm to 70.422 mm can prolong its longevity, but when the height is over 70.422 mm, its longevity reduces.

Computer Aided Composition Design of Prehardened-Mould Steel for Plastic

The improvement of machining behavior of prehardened-mould steel for plastic is realized by using computer-aided composition design in this work. The results showed that the matrix composition of large sectional prehardened mould steel for plastic markedly influences the precipitation of non-metallic inclusion and the control of composition aided by Thermo-Calc software package minimizes the amount of detrimental oxide inclusion. In addition the modification of calcium is optimized in the light of composition design.

A CASE STUDY IN THE APPLICATION OF SUPERSATURATED DESIGNS TO COMPUTER EXPERIMENTS

Supersaturated design is essentially a fractional factorial design in which the number of potential effects is greater than the number of runs. In this article, the supersaturated design is applied to a computer experiment through an example of steady current circuit model problem. A uniform mixed-level supersaturated design and the centered quadratic regression model are used. This example shows that supersaturated design and quadratic regression modeling method are very effective for screening effects and building the predictor. They are not only useful in computer experiments but also in industrial and other scientific experiments.

Parallelizable Calculation of Observables Values on Analog Quantum Computer

The superiority of hypothetical quantum computers is not due to faster calculations but due to different schemes of calculations running on special hardware. The core of quantum computing follows the way a state of a quantum system is defined when basic things interact with each other. In conventional approach it is implemented through tensor product of qubits. In the geometric algebra formalism simultaneous availability of all the results for non-measured observables is based on the definition of states as points on three-dimensional sphere.