Reciprocity Relation between Alternative Gravity Formulas

We compare Newton’s force law of universal gravitation with a corrected simple approach based on Bhandari’s recently presented work, where the gravitation constant G is maintained. A reciprocity relation exists between both alternative gravity formulas with respect to the distances between mass centers. We conclude a one-to-one mapping of the two gravitational formulas. We don’t need Einstein’s construct of spacetime bending by matter.

Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking and Experimental Exploring Molecular Mechanisms of Yinqiao Anti-Epidemic Formula in Regulating Mucosal Immune System of Respiratory Tract

[Objectives]To explore the molecular mechanisms of Yinqiao anti-epidemic formula(YQAEF)in regulating mucosal immune system of respiratory tract.[Methods]The active components of YQAEF were obtained from the TCMSP database,and RMIS targets were obtained from the GeneCards database.A"YQAEF components-RMIS targets-pathways"network was constructed by analyzing the above data to screen core targets for molecular docking verification.A mouse model of acute upper respiratory tract infection(AURI)was developed.Based on the experimental models,the key pathway target genes screened by network pharmacology were verified in vivo.[Results]The main active components of YQAEF involved in the regulation of the RMIS included quercetin,acetic acid,and raffinose.Key targets,such as angiotensin-converting enzyme(ACE),galactosidase alpha(GLA),matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP2),Serpin Family E Member 1(SERPINE1),and myeloperoxidase(MPO)and important viral infection and endocrine resistance signaling pathways were included in the regulation of the RMIS with YQAEF.Molecular docking assays showed that the key targets had good binding activities with the components of YQAEF.Based on the results of network pharmacology,key target proteins in ACE,GLA,MMP2,SERPINE1,and MPO were selected for experimental verification.The results showed that ACE/ACE2 and MPO expressions were increased in the oral and throat mucosa of the AURI mice.Under YQAEF treatment,the expression levels of ACE/ACE2 and MPO were decreased.[Conclusions]This study revealed the mechanism of YQAEF in the regulation of RMIS,which is associated with multiple components,targets,and pathways.Further experiments confirmed that YQAEF interfered with MPO and ACE/ACE2 signaling pathways to regulate the RMIS in the oral and throat mucosa tissue of mice with AURI,and provide a new direction for exploring the potential antiviral mechanism of YQAEF.

Looking up Prescriptions to Treat Infectious Disease:Anti-epidemic Books of Medical Formularies and Epidemic Prevention and Control in the Qing Dynasty

Copying,compiling,publishing,disseminating,and referencing anti-epidemic books of medical formularies were common activities during the outbreak of epidemics in the Qing dynasty.Its emergence,motivated by epidemic disease again and again,was important component parts of epidemic prevention and control.They played a unique role as media on affairs such as treating patients suffering from infectious diseases,mobilizing peoples to make contributions to anti-epidemic activities,integrating and popularizing knowledge of epidemic prevention.Anti-epidemic books of medical formularies were important to link peoples,things,and substances related with epidemic prevention and control,and were a kind of motivation to actively deal with the infectious disease,control the epidemic,and maintain health.Compared to other common measures,anti-epidemic books of medical formularies participated in many prevention and control practices deeply,which actually built a low cost,spontaneous,dispersed and non-institutional system to respond to epidemic,and the system had characteristics of stronger conductibility,bigger coverage area,and better external benefits.

基于ROB和CONSORT-CHM Formulas 2017的中药复方治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎随机对照试验质量评价

目的评价中药复方治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎随机对照试验(RCT)的偏倚风险和报告质量。方法检索中国知识资源总库(CNKI)、万方数据知识服务平台(万方数据)、中文科技期刊数据库(维普网)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)、Cochrane Library、PubMed、Web of Science建库至2021年12月24日的中药复方治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎RCT文献,基于The Cochrane Collaboration’s tool for assessing risk of bias(ROB)和CONSORT-CHM Formulas 2017分别评价纳入文献的偏倚风险和报告质量。进行单因素分析以确定CONSORT-CHM Formulas 2017的发布与报告质量的相关性。结果最终纳入文献215篇。ROB评价结果显示,大多数纳入文献各方面偏倚存在不确定风险。CONSORT-CHM Formulas 2017评价结果显示,19项条目的报告率达到60%,18项条目的报告率低于10%,一些重要条目的报告率较低。CONSORT-CHM Formulas 2017的发布对总体报告质量的提升无显著影响。结论中药复方治疗慢性萎缩性胃炎RCT的质量普遍较低,建议研究者学习RCT的方法学及其报告规范,以提高临床研究质量。

“Three medicines and three formulas”in COVID-19:from bench to bedside

Chinese guideline has proven effective in the fight against coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)during the global spread of the epidemic.Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)is widely recognized for its effectiveness in alleviating symptoms,inhibiting disease progress,reducing mortality,and improving the cure rate of patients with COVID-19.During the pandemic,“three medicines and three formulas”(TMTFs)stood out from hundreds of others in registered clinical studies,which became highly recommended as TCM for COVID-19 treatment.The TMTFs not only effectively relieve the clinical symptoms of fever,cough,fatigue,and phlegm,but also substantially shorten the time of nucleic acid negative conversion,improve lung computed tomography imaging features and inflammation,ameliorate clinical biochemical indicators,and reduce sequelae.Their potential pharmacological mechanisms are mainly related to the crosstalk between viral toxicity,endothelial damage,cytokine storm,immune response,and microthrombus.In brief,the clinical effects and the potential mechanisms of TMTFs on COVID-19 were systematically analyzed and summarized covering the entirety of disease development,including virus invasion and replication,immune response and cytokine storm,and acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.This review provides a theoretical basis and reference for the in-depth understanding of the positive role of TMTFs in COVID-19 treatment.

Some New Transformation Formulas for q-Series through the Bailey Transform

In the literature, the Bailey transform has many applications in basic hypergeometric series. In this paper, we derive many new transformation formulas for q-series by means of the Bailey transform. Meanwhile, We also obtain some new terminated identities. Furthermore, we establish a companion identity to the Rogers-Ramanujan identity labelled by number (23) on Slater’s list.

Superposition formulas of multi-solution to a reduced(3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation

We gave the localized solutions,the interaction solutions and the mixed solutions to a reduced(3+1)-dimensional nonlinear evolution equation.These solutions were characterized by superposition formulas of positive quadratic functions,the exponential and hyperbolic functions.According to the known lump solution in the outset,we obtained the superposition formulas of positive quadratic functions by plausible reasoning.Next,we constructed the interaction solutions between the localized solutions and the exponential function solutions with the similar theory.These two kinds of solutions contained superposition formulas of positive quadratic functions,which were turned into general ternary quadratic functions,the coefficients of which were all rational operation of vector inner product.Then we obtained linear superposition formulas of exponential and hyperbolic function solutions.Finally,for aforementioned various solutions,their dynamic properties were showed by choosing specific values for parameters.From concrete plots,we observed wave characteristics of three kinds of solutions.Especially,we could observe distinct generation and separation situations when the localized wave and the stripe wave interacted at different time points.

An Auto-Grading Oriented Approach for Off-Line Handwritten Organic Cyclic Compound Structure Formulas Recognition

Auto-grading,as an instruction tool,could reduce teachers’workload,provide students with instant feedback and support highly personalized learning.Therefore,this topic attracts considerable attentions from researchers recently.To realize the automatic grading of handwritten chemistry assignments,the problem of chemical notations recognition should be solved first.The recent handwritten chemical notations recognition solutions belonging to the end-to-end trainable category suffered fromthe problem of lacking the accurate alignment information between the input and output.They serve the aim of reading notations into electrical devices to better prepare relevant edocuments instead of auto-grading handwritten assignments.To tackle this limitation to enable the auto-grading of handwritten chemistry assignments at a fine-grained level.In this work,we propose a component-detectionbased approach for recognizing off-line handwritten Organic Cyclic Compound Structure Formulas(OCCSFs).Specifically,we define different components of OCCSFs as objects(including graphical objects and text objects),and adopt the deep learning detector to detect them.Then,regarding the detected text objects,we introduce an improved attention-based encoder-decoder model for text recognition.Finally,with these detection results and the geometric relationships of detected objects,this article designs a holistic algorithm for interpreting the spatial structure of handwritten OCCSFs.The proposedmethod is evaluated on a self-collected data set consisting of 3000 samples and achieves promising results.

Trace formula of the integro-differential operator on a quantum graph

In this paper we study the eigenvalue problem for integro-differential operators on a lasso graph.The trace formula of the operator is established by applying the residual technique in complex analysis.

Analytical Solution and Simplified Formula for Added Mass of Horizontal and Vertical Motions of Truncated Cylinders Under Earthquake Action

This paper investigates the hydrodynamic characteristics of floating truncated cylinders undergoing horizontal and vertical motions due to earthquake excitations in the finite water depth.The governing equation of the hydrodynamic pressure acting on the cylinder is derived based on the radiation theory with the inviscid and incompressible assumptions.The governing equation is solved by using the method of separating variables and analytical solutions are obtained by assigning reasonable boundary conditions.The analytical result is validated by a numerical model using the exact artificial boundary simulation of the infinite water.The main variation and distribution characteristics of the hydrodynamic pressure acting on the side and bottom of the cylinder are analyzed for different combinations of wide-height and immersion ratios.The added mass coefficient of the cylinder is calculated by integrating the hydrodynamic pressure and simplified formulas are proposed for engineering applications.The calculation results show that the simplified formulas are in good agreement with the analytical solutions.

Examining the Use of Scott’s Formula and Link Expiration Time Metric for Vehicular Clustering

Implementing machine learning algorithms in the non-conducive environment of the vehicular network requires some adaptations due to the high computational complexity of these algorithms.K-clustering algorithms are simplistic,with fast performance and relative accuracy.However,their implementation depends on the initial selection of clusters number(K),the initial clusters’centers,and the clustering metric.This paper investigated using Scott’s histogram formula to estimate the K number and the Link Expiration Time(LET)as a clustering metric.Realistic traffic flows were considered for three maps,namely Highway,Traffic Light junction,and Roundabout junction,to study the effect of road layout on estimating the K number.A fast version of the PAM algorithm was used for clustering with a modification to reduce time complexity.The Affinity propagation algorithm sets the baseline for the estimated K number,and the Medoid Silhouette method is used to quantify the clustering.OMNET++,Veins,and SUMO were used to simulate the traffic,while the related algorithms were implemented in Python.The Scott’s formula estimation of the K number only matched the baseline when the road layout was simple.Moreover,the clustering algorithm required one iteration on average to converge when used with LET.

Jianpi Qinghua Formula Alleviates Diabetic Myocardial Injury Through Inhibiting JunB/c-Fos Expression

Objective Diabetic cardiomyopathy(DCM)represents a substantial risk factor for heart failure and increased mortality in individuals afflicted with diabetes mellitus(DM).DCM typically manifests as myocardial fibrosis,myocardial hypertrophy,and impaired left ventricular diastolic function.While the clinical utility of the Jianpi Qinghua(JPQH)formula has been established in treating diabetes and insulin resistance,its potential efficacy in alleviating diabetic cardiomyopathy remains uncertain.This study aims to investigate the impact and underlying molecular mechanisms of the JPQH formula(JPQHF)in ameliorating myocardial injury in nonobese diabetic rats,specifically focusing on apoptosis and inflammation.Methods Wistar rats were assigned as the normal control group(CON),while Goto-Kakizaki(GK)rats were randomly divided into three groups:DM,DM treated with the JPQHF,and DM treated with metformin(MET).Following a 4-week treatment regimen,various biochemical markers related to glucose metabolism,cardiac function,cardiac morphology,and myocardial ultrastructure in GK rats were assessed.RNA sequencing was utilized to analyze differential gene expression and identify potential therapeutic targets.In vitro experiments involved high glucose to induce apoptosis and inflammation in H9c2 cells.Cell viability was evaluated using CCK-8 assay,apoptosis was monitored via flow cytometry,and the production of inflammatory cytokines was measured using quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR)and ELISA.Protein expression levels were determined by Western blotting analysis.The investigation also incorporated the use of MAPK inhibitors to further elucidate the mechanism at both the transcriptional and protein levels.Results The JPQHF group exhibited significant reductions in interventricular septal thickness at end-systole(IVSs)and left ventricular internal diameter at end-systole and end-diastole(LVIDs and LVIDd).JPQHF effectively suppressed high glucose-induced activation of IL-1βand caspase 3 in cardiomyocytes.Furthermore,JPQHF downregulated the expression of myocardial JunB/c-Fos,which was upregulated in both diabetic rats and high glucose-treated H9c2 cells.Conclusion The JPQH formula holds promise in mitigating diabetic myocardial apoptosis and inflammation in cardiomyocytes by inhibiting JunB/c-Fos expression through suppressing the MAPK(p38 and ERK1/2)pathway.

Antidepressant effects of Peiyuan Jieyu formula in a mouse model of chronic stress in conjunction with lipopolysaccharide-induced depression

Objective:To explore the mechanism of the Peiyuan Jieyu formula in treating depression by assessing its impact on a lipopolysaccharide-induced(LPS-induced)depression mouse model.Methods:We created a mouse model of depression by exposing mice that had previously received chronic stress to intraperitoneal LPS injections.The mice were divided into the following groups:control,model,fluoxetine,Tiansi Yin,Sini powder,and low-,medium-,and high-dose Peiyuan Jieyu formula groups.Forced swim and tail suspension tests were used to assess the efficacy of the depression(despair)model,and weight gain rates were also measured.Furthermore,serum levels of various depression and inflammation-associated molecules,including tumor necrosis factor-a(TNF-a),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),tryptophan,5-hydroxytryptamine,kynurenine(KYN),and kynurenic acid(KA)were assessed.Furthermore,the expression levels of ionic calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1(IBA-1)and indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase(IDO)mRNA in hippocampal microglia were measured.Results:The model group displayed greater despair-associated immobility,which was shortened in response to various doses of Peiyuan Jieyu formula.Furthermore,formula administration significantly reduced serum TNF-a levels and hippocampal IDO mRNA expression.The high formula dose also reduced IFN-γand IBA-1 levels,the latter was also decreased in response to the medium formula dose.However,the low formula dose reduced serum KYN level and KYN/tryptophan(TRP)and KYN/KA ratios.Conclusion:The Peiyuan Jieyu formula holds immense potential in treating depression in a mouse model,potentially inhibiting inflammation and improving TRP-KYN metabolic disorders.

Evaluation of the famous classic formula Sanhua decoction based on network pharmacology and multi-component quantitative analysis

Background:Sanhua decoction has significant effects in the treatment of stroke.The study of the Sanhua decoction material benchmark was carried out to analyze the value transfer relationship between the Chinese herbal pieces and the substance benchmark.Methods:Network pharmacology was employed to investigate the potential active components and molecular mechanisms of Sanhua decoction in the treatment of stroke.15 batches of Sanhua decoction lyophilized powder were prepared using traditional formulas and subjected to high-performance liquid chromatography analysis to generate fingerprints of the Sanhua decoction substance benchmarks.Then,a multi-component quantitative analysis method was established,allowing for the simultaneous determination of ten components,to study the transfer of quantity values between pieces and substance benchmarks.Results:60 active ingredients were screened from Sanhua decoction by network pharmacology,of which gallic acid,magnolol honokiol,physcion,and aloe-emodin may have a greater effect than other active components.63 key targets and 134 pathways were predicted as the potential mechanism of Sanhua decoction in treating stroke.The fingerprint similarity of the Sanhua decoction substance benchmarks was found to be good among the 15 batches,confirming the 19 common peaks.The content of the 10 components was basically consistent.The components’transfer rates were within 30%of their respective means.Conclusions:This study provided a comprehensive and reliable strategy for the quality evaluation of Sanhua decoction substance benchmarks and held significant importance in improving its application value.

Gastrointestinal tolerability of organic infant formula compared to traditional infant formula: A systematic review

BACKGROUND Infants'nutrition significantly influences their growth,development,and overall well-being.With the increasing demand for organic infant formula driven by the perception of health benefits and growing awareness of natural feeding options,it is crucial to conduct a comparative analysis of the gastrointestinal tolerability between organic and traditional infant formulas.AIM To provide a concise and precise analysis of the gastrointestinal tolerability of organic infant formula compared to traditional infant formula.Due to limited direct comparisons,the review synthesizes available literature on each formula type,presenting insights into their potential effects on infants'digestive health.METHODS An extensive literature search was conducted,compiling studies on organic and traditional infant formulas,their compositions,and reported effects on gastrointestinal tolerability.We searched academic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar and specialized nutrition,paediatrics,and infant health journals using relevant keywords till October 1,2023.RESULTS Although specific comparative studies are scarce and formula heterogeneity is a significant limitation,this systematic review provides an in-depth understanding of organic infant formulas'composition and potential benefits.While scientific evidence directly comparing gastrointestinal tolerability is limited,organic formulas strive to use carefully selected organic ingredients to imitate breast milk composition.Potential benefits include improved lipid profiles,higher methionine content,and decreased antibiotic-resistant bacteria levels.Understanding the gastrointestinal tolerability of organic and traditional infant formulas is crucial for parents and healthcare providers to make informed decisions.CONCLUSION Despite limitations in direct comparisons,this systematic review provides insights into the composition and potential benefits of organic infant formulas.It emphasizes the need for further research to elucidate their gastrointestinal effects comprehensively.

Effect of Luhong formula on the cardiac rehabilitation of patients with chronic heart failure

BACKGROUND Current treatments for chronic heart failure(CHF)are therapeutically ineffective.The optimization of treatments for this disease needs to be explored and analyzed.AIM To analyze the effect of using Luhong Formula in the cardiac rehabilitation of patients with CHF and its influence on cardiopulmonary function(CPF)and prognosis.METHODS In total,160 patients with CHF admitted between June 2022 and June 2023 were selected,including 75 receiving perindopril(control group)and 85 receiving Luhong Formula(research group).We conducted comparative analyses on the curative effects of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndromes and cardiac function,CPF[oxygen consumption at the anaerobic threshold(VO2 AT)and at peak exercise(peak VO2)],echocardiographic indexes[left atrial volume index(LAVI),left ventricular muscle mass index(LVMI),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)],and prognosis[major adverse cardiovascular events(MACEs)at 6 months follow-up].RESULTS The research group showed markedly higher curative effects of TCM syndromes and cardiac function than the control group.In addition,post-treatment VO2 AT,peak VO2,LVMI and LVEF in the research group were significantly higher,whereas LAVI was significantly lower,than those of the control group.Furthermore,fewer patients in the research group developed MACEs at the 6-month follow-up.CONCLUSION Luhong Formula is more therapeutically effective than perindopril for the cardiac rehabilitation of patients with CHF,specifically in enhancing CPF and prognosis.

Validation of Molecular Detection Methods for Gluten Allergens in Infant Formula

[Objectives]To verify the specificity,sensitivity,precision and negative-positive deviation of the foodproof gluten component de-tection kit for the detection of gluten allergens in milk powder matrix,and to establish a real-time fluorescent PCR legal method for the detec-tion of gluten allergens in milk powder.[Methods]The specificity,sensitivity,precision and negative-positive deviation of the detection method of foodproof gluten component detection kit(PCR-probe method)were verified by artificially adding different concentrations of wheat bran and extracting sample DNA by kit method,and applied to sample detection.[Results] The specific detection results of two kinds of milk powder with wheat bran and buckwheat added showed that the foodproof gluten component detection kit(PCR-probe method)had good speci-ficity for wheat gluten.The results of artificially added wheat bran positive samples showed that the false positive rate and false negative rate of the kit in the milk powder matrix were O,and the sensitivity and precision were high.[Conclusions]The kit is simple to operate and has high accuracy,which is suitable for the detection of gluten allergen components in milk powder.

The tangential k-Cauchy-Fueter type operator and Penrose type integral formula on the generalized complex Heisenberg group

The tangential k-Cauchy-Fueter operator and k-CF functions are counterparts of the tangential Cauchy–Riemann operator and CR functions on the Heisenberg group in the theory of several complex variables,respectively.In this paper,we introduce a Lie group that the Heisenberg group can be imbedded into and call it generalized complex Heisenberg.We investigate quaternionic analysis on the generalized complex Heisenberg.We also give the Penrose integral formula for k-CF functions and construct the tangential k-Cauchy-Fueter complex.

Shi-pi-xiao-ji formula suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma by reducing cellular stiffness through upregulation of acetyl-coA acetyltransferase 1

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that the Shi-pi-xiao-ji(SPXJ)herbal decoction formula is effective in suppressing hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),but the underlying mechanisms are not known.Therefore,this study investigated whether the antitumor effects of the SPXJ formula in treating HCC were mediated by acetyl-coA acetyltransferase 1(ACAT1)-regulated cellular stiffness.Through a series of experiments,we concluded that SPXJ inhibits the progression of HCC by upregulating the expression level of ACAT1,lowering the level of cholesterol in the cell membrane,and altering the cellular stiffness,which provides a new idea for the research of traditional Chinese medicine against HCC.AIM To investigate the anti-tumor effects of the SPXJ formula on the malignant progression of HCC.METHODS HCC cells were cultured in vitro with SPXJ-containing serum prepared by injecting SPXJ formula into wild-type mice.The apoptotic rate and proliferative,invasive,and migratory abilities of control and SPXJ-treated HCC cells were compared.Atomic force microscopy was used to determine the cell surface morphology and the Young’s modulus values of the control and SPXJ-treated HCC cells.Plasma membrane cholesterol levels in HCC cells were detected using the Amplex Red cholesterol detection kit.ACAT1 protein levels were estimated using western blotting.RESULTS Compared with the vehicle group,SPXJ serum considerably reduced proliferation of HCC cells,increased stiffness and apoptosis of HCC cells,inhibited migration and invasion of HCC cells,decreased plasma membrane cholesterol levels,and upregulated ACAT1 protein levels.However,treatment of HCC cells with the water-soluble cholesterol promoted proliferation,migration,and invasion of HCC cells as well as decreased cell stiffness and plasma membrane cholesterol levels,but did not alter the apoptotic rate and ACAT1 protein expression levels compared with the vehicle control.CONCLUSION SPXJ formula inhibited proliferation,invasion,and migration of HCC cells by decreasing plasma membrane cholesterol levels and altering cellular stiffness through upregulation of ACAT1 protein expression.

Analysis of Adverse Reactions in the Treatment of COVID-19 with Three Chinese Patent Medicines and Three Herbal Formulas

Objective To explore the rules and characteristics of the adverse drug reactions(ADRs)of three Chinese patent medicines and three herbal formulas for the treatment of COVID-19,and to provide a reference for clinical safe medication.Methods The cases and ADR reports of the three Chinese patent medicines and three herbal formulas in PubMed,Web of Science,Springer Link,CNKI,Wanfang and VIP database were retrieved from December 2019 to May 2021.Then we extracted and analyzed the effective information included in the literature.Results and Conclusion According to the pre-developed retrieval plan,a total of 136 documents were obtained,and a total of 6 documents met the inclusion criteria finally.553 patients used three Chinese patent medicines and three herbal formulas,and there were 133 cases of adverse reactions.The adverse reactions of patients taking the three Chinese patent medicines and three herbal formulas can all be explained under the theory of traditional Chinese medicine,and the adverse reactions can be eliminated by adding or subtracting the flavor of the medicine or stopping the medicine.