Monitoring Soil Salt Content Using HJ-1A Hyperspectral Data: A Case Study of Coastal Areas in Rudong County, Eastern China

Hyperspectral data are an important source for monitoring soil salt content on a large scale. However, in previous studies, barriers such as interference due to the presence of vegetation restricted the precision of mapping soil salt content. This study tested a new method for predicting soil salt content with improved precision by using Chinese hyperspectral data, Huan Jing-Hyper Spectral Imager(HJ-HSI), in the coastal area of Rudong County, Eastern China. The vegetation-covered area and coastal bare flat area were distinguished by using the normalized differential vegetation index at the band length of 705 nm(NDVI705). The soil salt content of each area was predicted by various algorithms. A Normal Soil Salt Content Response Index(NSSRI) was constructed from continuum-removed reflectance(CR-reflectance) at wavelengths of 908.95 nm and 687.41 nm to predict the soil salt content in the coastal bare flat area(NDVI705 < 0.2). The soil adjusted salinity index(SAVI) was applied to predict the soil salt content in the vegetation-covered area(NDVI705 ≥ 0.2). The results demonstrate that 1) the new method significantly improves the accuracy of soil salt content mapping(R2 = 0.6396, RMSE = 0.3591), and 2) HJ-HSI data can be used to map soil salt content precisely and are suitable for monitoring soil salt content on a large scale.

Modern sea level changes of the Eastern China Seas and their influences on coastal areas

The statistics of tidal gauging records showed that the mean sea level of the China Seas has risen for 14 cm in past 100 years. The annual mean sea levels of the Eastern China Seas have been rising at a speed of about 0.21 -0.23 cm/a since 1960. The annual mean sea levels of the Eastern China Seas in 1989 were 1.45 cm higher than that in 1988 on average.The sea level rise may cause the damage of the dynamical balance of the natural environments in the coastal area? and form or strengthen many coastal disasters, such as storm-tide catastrophic events, sea water invasion landward, soil salinization in coastal lowland and plains, and beach erosion retreat.

ON THE DIFFERENTIATION OF THE ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA’S NORTH,CENTRAL & SOUTH COASTAL REGIONS

Ⅰ. An analysis of the development trend of the economy in the north,middle aud south coastal regions or China since China began to implementreform and open

Regional green innovation system mode and its implication:Acase study in eastern China coastal areas

Developing circular economy is the inevitable choice to realize regional sustainable development.And innovation is the fundamental driving force for regional sustainable development.Therefore,the combination of circular economy and regional innovation systems is of great value in the study of regional circular innovation systems.Based on the concepts and basic characteristics of the regional circular innovation system,the author takes Beijing,Shanghai,and Jiangsu as examples,which are the circular economy pilot provinces in developed region of eastern coastal China.With outstanding circular economy and innovation achievements,Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area,Shanghai Caohejing Hi-Tech Park,and Suzhou Industrial Park(the National Eco-Industrial Demonstration Park),served to summarize the characteristics,formation mechanism and inspiration of the circular innovation system model in capital economic-technological development zones(characterized by innovation in the recycling of water and land resources and energy,and innovation in circular service industries supplemented with"Internet+Wisdom Park"),coastal new&hi-tech industrial development zones,(featured by innovation in the recycling of water and land resources and energy,in addition,the companies’management and export processing cooperate with government)and hi-tech industrial parks(marked by open innovation and Sino-foreign governments cooperate in construction and management).This paper mainly focuses on the concepts and characteristics,formation mechanisms,evaluations,structure laws,the optimizing strategies and the cases in China to study the progress of regional green innovation system.

Numerical Simulation of the Regional Ocean Circulation in the Coastal Areas of China

The regional ocean circulation in the coastal areas of China (including a part of the western PacificOcean, the South China Sea and the Bay of Bengal et al.) is simulated by using the improved Princeton University ocean circulation model (POM). Compared with the modeling results obtained by the large-scaleocean general circulation model (OGCM), the basic ocean circulation features simulated by the regionalocean circulation model al-e in good agreement with that simulated by OGCM and some detailed characteristics such as the regional ocean circulation, sea temperature, salinity and flee sea surface height have alsobeen obtained which are in good accord with the observations. These results indicate that the regional oceancirculation model has good capability to produce the legional ocean circulation characteristics and it can beused to develop coupled legional ocean-atmospheric model systems.

Resource and Environmental Quality Changes and Adjustment Principles for Sustainable Development in Rapidly Developing Coastal Region of Southeastern China

Problems in water-land resources and environmental quality increase with the fast economic development in the coastal region of southeastern China. This region has the highest density in population, industry and towns in China, and the large export-oriented economy makes itself a strategic importance while China enters into international markets. The problems facing to this region include arable land reduction, land degradation aggravation, high percentage of built-up land with high rate of expansion, expanded non-point pollution, deteriorated water quality, decreasing biodiversity, destroyed ecosystems, severe air pollution, frequently occurred acid rain, and multi-pollutants. The important research fields in the near future should include a) influence of high-intensity exploitation of resources on changes of environment quality and its feedback; b) interface processes, key mechanisms and adjustment principles for degradation of water-, land-, and air-resources and environmental quality; c) evolvement processes and nurturing theory of biodiversity and ecological resources; and d) spatio-temporal variation and human-induced effects on regional resources and environment quality. Strategies for sustainable development in the region are as follows: a) controlling to ensure basic cultivated land area; b) enforcing remediation of polluted water environment, and controlling non-point pollution; c) strengthening ecological construction and ecological security; and d) controlling multi-pollution and preventing trace toxic pollutants.

Spatio-temporal Dynamic Patterns of Rural Area Development in Eastern Coastal China

The aim of this study is to evaluate the current state of rural area development at the county level in the eastern coastal China. An evaluation index system including 18 factors was developed, and a rural development index (RDI) was constructed to evaluate rural development state in 2000, 2004, and 2008. The quantitative evaluation indicated the following results. 1) This study derived four dominating components by means of principal component analysis, which can explain 78.2% of the total information, namely agricultural production input, the basic condition of agriculture, the comparative effectiveness of grain production, and the household′s own basic conditions. 2) Since the turn of the new millennium, the rural area in the eastern coastal China has experienced a rapid development in general. Well developed, developed, moderately developed and undeveloped rural areas respectively occupied 29.32%, 22.33%, 21.91%, and 10.51% in 2008. 3) The countryside had maintained a sound momentum of developing trend between 2000 and 2008, while the rural development in the eastern coastal China lacked sustainability. And 4) industrialization, urbanization, original economic basis, and location are four major driving forces of the disparity of rural area development in the eastern coastal China. Given these results, the strategies and policies for the improvement of each rural group were put forward.

Eurasia Continental Bridge——An Important Link of the Coordinated Development between China's Eastern,Central and Western Regions

The new Eurasia Continental Bridgeruns from East China to Central andWest China, crossing 11 provincesand regions, namely Jiangsu, Shandong,Hubei, Anhui, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shanxi,Sichuan, Qinghai, Xinjiang and Ningxia.The total area is 3.6 million sq km and thepopulation is about 300 million, accountingfor a third and a quarter of the whole countryrespectively. The area is very rich in naturalresources, so it is called an "Economic goldbelt" and "Gold corridor". Aerial remote-control survey indicates that along thecontinental bridge from Lianyungang to theAla Mountains within China’s boundary,

Evolution and Governance of the Structure of Marine Economic Networks in China’s Coastal Areas: Based on Sea-related A-share Listed Companies

Data on discrete,isolated attributes of the marine economy are often used in traditional marine economic research.However,as the focus of urban research shifts from internal static attributes to external dynamic linkages,the importance of marine economic net-work research is beginning to emerge.The construction of the marine economic network in China’s coastal areas is necessary to change the flow of land and sea resources and optimize regional marine economic development.Employing data from headquarters and branches of sea-related A-share listed enterprises to construct the marine economic network in China,we use social network analysis(SNA)to discuss the characteristics of its evolution as of 2010,2015,and 2020 and its governance.The following results were obtained.1)In terms of topological characteristics,the scale of the marine economic network in China’s coastal areas has accelerated and expan-ded,and the connections have become increasingly close;thus,this development has complex network characteristics.2)In terms of spatial structure,the intensity of the connection fluctuates and does not form stable development support;the group structure gradually becomes clear,but the overall pattern is fragmented;there are spatial differences in marine economic agglomeration radiation;the radi-ation effect of the eastern marine economic circle is obvious;and the polarization effect of northern and southern marine economic circles is significant.On this basis,we construct a framework for the governance of a marine economic network with the market,the government,and industry as the three governing bodies.By clarifying the driving factors and building objectives of marine economic network construction,this study aims to foster the high-quality development of China’s marine economy.

Urban-rural Integration Based on Regional Economic Integration——A Case of Jiuquan-Jiayuguan Areas of Gansu Province

The relationship between urban-rural integration and regional economic integration is summarized in the paper.Based on the fact,it expressed the necessity and realistic meaning of pushing forward the urban-rural integration process synchronously during Jiuquan-Jia yuguan (abbreviate:Jiu-Jia) areas economic integration.The current degree of the urban-rural integration of Jiu-Jia was analyzed by index calculation,and the related conclusions were obtained.Besides,the development concepts and the key works to accelerate the process of Jiu-Jia urban-rural integration were suggested.The results show that the overall level of urban-rural integration in Jiuquan and Jiayuguan is higher than the average level of Gansu Province,but the urban-rural economic development and social development lose the balance and the dual structure is prominent.In the end,three developmental patterns for accelerating the developmental process of urban-rural integration are put forward.Firstly,the government should find the key of the current work and coordinate the construction of infrastructure.Secondly,rural economic industrialization should be promoted.Thirdly,the urbanized social management should be promoted.

西北“水三线”生态经济体系与调控模式研究

在黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展以及新时代推进西部大开发形成新格局的战略背景下,地跨黄河流域和内流河流域的西北“水三线”,如何顺应生态本底、资源禀赋和经济社会发展水平,落实2个重大战略,因地制宜构建区域特色的生态经济体系框架及协调发展模式,是当前亟待解决的重大问题。基于已有的生态经济理论成果,遵循“绿水青山就是金山银山”发展理念和“人与自然和谐共生”的系统理念,构建西北“水三线”生态经济体系概念框架,识别体系子系统之间的相互作用关系与作用路径,基于核心理论和基础评价,提出适应西北“水三线”生态经济系的四大发展模式和四大生态经济枢纽区建设,进行生态农业建设布局与农业发展模式总结,明确生态经济枢纽区的城乡统筹发展基本路径。研究认为西北“水三线”生态经济体系概念框架可为建设西北内陆型生态经济枢纽区及其核心模式、实现区域生态-经济协调发展提供关键理论支撑。

俄罗斯远东联邦区人口要素演化特征及其对中俄区域经济合作的启示

人口总量、人口结构和人口空间分布等问题是俄罗斯远东联邦区深度融入亚太经济圈所面临的核心挑战之一,同时也是优化与平衡东西部产业布局上难以逾越的鸿沟。自“向东看”到“战略东转”政策正式实施以来,尽管多项关于人口与区域经济协同发展的联邦法案和规划等被正式批准和生效,但仍无力从根本上解决俄罗斯远东联邦区多数联邦主体(省域)人口问题,成为推动中俄区域经济高质量合作与发展落到实处的最大障碍,需要采取针对性措施清除人口障碍。其中,筑牢区域人口安全防线、强化政策精准落地落实和推进多领域、多层次、多维度地深度融合是中俄区域经济高质量协同发展的重要内涵。

1998～2008年中国东部沿海植被覆盖变化特征

基于1998～2008年的SPOT-VGT数据,利用CVA、一元线性回归、Hurst指数等方法分析中国东部沿海植被覆盖变化特征及趋势,并编制植被覆盖退化特征图谱。研究表明:植被覆盖总体呈上升趋势,高变化和中变化区比例合计达26.23%;与此同时,退化区也大量分布;植被覆盖变化的自相似性和长程依赖性突出,区域尺度Hurst指数高达0.84,增长趋势可持续,像元尺度Hurst指数普遍较高,但空间格局比较复杂;未来植被覆盖趋于恶化的面积约占10.58%,三大都市圈及部分海岸带区域严重退化并将持续退化,众多中小城市周边中度退化并将持续退化。

20世纪90年代中国县际经济差异的空间分析

首次将县域经济发展数据与图形数据结合分析 ,结果表明 1 990～ 1 998年中国县域经济发展相对差异明显变小 ,但沿海地区与内陆地区的差异则出现扩大 ;经济增长较快的县域自一些增长中心向外扩延 ,逐步形成沿海岸带、京广线和长江沿岸三大经济增长轴 ;但沿海发达区内存在十分不发达县域 ;经济不发达县域主要位于西部地区 ,与环境较差的山区、寒区、旱区以及省际边界地区有关 ;全国县域经济基础和增长可分为基础好增长较快型、基础差增长较快型、基础差缓慢增长型、基础好缓慢增长型。

我国东部沿海地区差距状况以及经济低谷地区的崛起

我国是区域发展差异巨大的大国之一 ,存在着多种尺度的区域发展差异。从中小尺度区域差异的角度 ,分析了我国东部沿海地区内部发展差距扩大趋势及其影响 ,可以看出 ,东部沿海地区在经济快速发展的同时 ,也存在着经济相对落后的低谷地区。沿海经济低谷地区分布相对集中于香港 -珠江三角洲、上海 -长江三角洲、京津唐 -环渤海三个经济隆起带之间 ,处于省际交界处。按照类型可以分为黄泛平原区、丘陵山区和沿海库区。东部经济低谷地区区位条件相对比较落后 ,交通可达性较差 ,产业结构单一 ,城市化水平发展严重滞后 ,社会经济发展比较缓慢 ,这些不利因素制约着该地区经济和社会的发展。根据崛起机制和途径 ,低谷地区发展可以分为资源转换型、非国有经济推动型和外资推动型。建议国家修筑贯穿沿海经济低谷地区的东部沿海铁路大通道 ,降低沿海经济低谷地区设市标准 ,加快农业产业化发展 ,对特殊贫困地区实行特殊优惠政策 。

东部沿海地区农业结构变动特征及区域差异分析

2005年东部沿海地区农、林、牧、渔产值比重是49.5︰3.2︰29.7︰17.6,农业结构逐步得到优化。本文分析了农业结构系数与农民人均纯收入、人均GDP的关系,揭示了经济发达地区农业结构变动特征及其地域差异性,发现差异性主要表现在农业部门的变动趋势和农业结构的变化率;并根据比较优势理论,分析了地区间农业部门的比较优势,这也是未来区域农业结构优化布局的主要依据。

中国东南沿海区域经济差异及经济增长因素分析

采用东南沿海地区市55个地区市的1995-2005年间的经济综合发展水平数据,对东南沿海地区总体、局部的空间差异变化、空间格局的演化、特征及成因进行了初步探索。结果表明:①1995-2005年东南沿海地区经济发展水平差异时序分布和地区内部"极化"态势同向,表明东南沿海地区存在"两极分化"现象。②东南沿海地区在1995-2003年间地区经济差异不断扩大,这一时期,三大地区内部经济差异水平分布层次不齐,呈现南高北低的渐变趋势,表明这一阶段性的地区差异变动主要是由广东省、福建省内部差异构成;2003年以来,东南沿海地区经济差异呈现收缩趋势,同时期,三大地区经济差异均有收缩态势,与东南沿海地区整体差异变化趋势同向,主要是由于长三角地区均衡发展驱动地区整体差异的缩小;③地区经济空间演化特征与地区经济差异时序波动吻合,相应地在空间上呈现出"极化→扩散"现象。

中国东北东部边境地区旅游业发展研究

近年来,随着东北三省几大经济区(带)的战略地位上升,以及一批重大基础设施的相继开建,使得东北地区经济呈现出快速发展之势。同时东北区域一体化进程明显地加快,东北亚地区国际环境的改善以及合作需求的增强,为东北东部边境地区旅游业发展提供了巨大动力。在具体分析了东北东部边境地区旅游资源优势、旅游业发展现状及存在问题的基础上,对区域旅游业发展提出具体建议,特色旅游产品开发主要集中于对边境旅游、自然生态旅游、冰雪旅游、文化旅游等产品的开发,并在此基础上构建"五区-四轴"的旅游空间布局及区域战略合作关系。

东南沿海低山丘陵区土地利用结构的地域分异研究——以温州市为例

根据土地利用详查变更资料中二级分类的用地面积和比例 ,采用景观生态学结构定量分析方法 ,以温州市为例对东南沿海低山丘陵区土地利用结构的地域分异进行了定量研究。研究结果表明 :(1 )前述方法能够很好地揭示区域土地利用结构的地域分异 ,其结果能在一定程度上反映研究区自然条件、自然资源和社会经济发展地域结构的差异 ;(2 )研究区土地利用结构的区域变化呈以下规律 :土地利用结构的多样性和土地利用组合类型数由沿海向内陆、平原向山区、城市近郊向远郊依次递减 ,土地利用结构的集中度则刚好相反 ,土地利用的组合类型与区域的经济活动特点相关等 ;(3 )研究区土地利用结构区域差异主要受地理位置、地貌状况、区位条件、经济发展水平等因素的强烈影响。