Projection of hazard changes in climate extremes is critical to assessing the potential impacts of climate change on human and natural systems. Using simulations of providing regional climates for impacts studies, fiv...Projection of hazard changes in climate extremes is critical to assessing the potential impacts of climate change on human and natural systems. Using simulations of providing regional climates for impacts studies, five indicators (rainstorm days, maximum 3-day precipitation, elevation, gradient and distance from river or lake) were selected to project the spatial patterns of flood hazard over Yangtze River Basin for the baseline period (1961– 1990) and future (2011–2100) under SRES B2 scenario. The results showed the mean annual rainstorm days over the basin by the near-term, mid-term and long-term would increase from 3.9 days to 4.7, 4.9 and 5.1 days, and the mean annual maximum 3-day precipitation from 122 mm to 143, 146 and 149 mm, respectively. The flood hazard of the basin would become more severe, especially in the middle and lower reaches. Flood hazard grade 5 by the nearterm, mid-term and long-term would extend from 10.99% to 25.46, 28.14 and 29.75%, respectively.展开更多
基金supported by the National Technology R&D Program (Grant nos. 2006BAD20B05 and 2008BAK50B06)
文摘Projection of hazard changes in climate extremes is critical to assessing the potential impacts of climate change on human and natural systems. Using simulations of providing regional climates for impacts studies, five indicators (rainstorm days, maximum 3-day precipitation, elevation, gradient and distance from river or lake) were selected to project the spatial patterns of flood hazard over Yangtze River Basin for the baseline period (1961– 1990) and future (2011–2100) under SRES B2 scenario. The results showed the mean annual rainstorm days over the basin by the near-term, mid-term and long-term would increase from 3.9 days to 4.7, 4.9 and 5.1 days, and the mean annual maximum 3-day precipitation from 122 mm to 143, 146 and 149 mm, respectively. The flood hazard of the basin would become more severe, especially in the middle and lower reaches. Flood hazard grade 5 by the nearterm, mid-term and long-term would extend from 10.99% to 25.46, 28.14 and 29.75%, respectively.
文摘目的:探讨多平面重组(multiplanar reformation,MPR)图像引导定位参考点标记法在宫颈癌放射治疗定位中的应用价值。方法:选取2022年05月至12月在我院肿瘤放射治疗中心进行容积旋转调强放射治疗(volumetric-modulated arc therapy,VMAT)的40例宫颈癌患者,采用随机数表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组20例。观察组使用MPR图像引导定位参考点标记法进行定位;对照组使用常规参考点标记法进行定位。物理师进行VMAT放疗计划设计时,根据国际辐射单位及测量委员会(international commission on radiation units and measurements,ICRU)参考点的选择原则,选出靶区剂量归一的规定点并作为治疗中心点,比较两组患者治疗中心点与定位参考点位移的例数,并用位移率(%)进行描述。所有患者首次治疗及以后每周均进行一次锥形束CT(CBCT)扫描位置验证(共5次),分别采集两组患者分次间的左右X、头脚Y、腹背Z方向上的摆位误差数据及复位完成的时间,采用独立样本t检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。计划靶区外放边界(M_(PTV))公式:M_(PTV)=2.5∑+0.7σ计算不同定位方式下的靶区外扩边界。结果:观察组中定位参考点与治疗中心点在三维方向上产生位移例数均为0例,而对照组在Y方向、Z方向产生位移例数分别是11例和19例,位移率分别55%和95%。观察组的平均摆位误差分别为X(-0.16±1.99)mm、Y(1.04±4.13)mm、Z(0.77±2.30)mm;对照组的平均摆位误差分别为X(0.18±2.59)mm、Y(-2.09±5.02)mm、Z(1.44±2.39)mm。两组Y、Z方向上的摆位误差有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组复位平均时间(9.76±2.35)min,对照组复位平均时间(13.25±3.66)min,观察组较对照组复位效率更高。观察组靶区外扩边界(M_(PTV))分别为3.82 mm、7.28 mm、4.55 mm,较对照组减少了18.20%、22.06%、6.38%。结论:在宫颈癌放射治疗定位中使用多平面重组图像引导定位参考点标记法可实现定位参考点与治疗中心点同中心,同时提高摆位效率,减少摆位误差及缩小靶区外扩边界,值得推广。
