FRACTAL PROPERTIES OF POLAR SETS OF RANDOM STRING PROCESSES

This paper studies fractal properties of polar sets for random string processes. We give upper and lower bounds of the hitting probabilities on compact sets and prove some sufficient conditions and necessary conditions for compact sets to be polar for the random string process. Moreover, we also determine the smallest Hausdorff dimensions of non-polar sets by constructing a Cantor-type set to connect its Hausdorff dimension and capacity.

Formation of Water Quality of Surface Water Bodies Used in the Material Processing

In the process of production or processing of materials by various methods,there is a need for a large volume of water of the required quality.Today in many regions of the world,there is an acute problem of providing industry with water of a required quality.Its solution is an urgent and difficult task.The water quality of surface water bodies is formed by a combination of a large number of both natural and anthropogenic factors,and is often significantly heterogeneous not only in the water area,but also in depth.As a rule,the water supply of large industrial enterprises is located along the river network.Mergers are the most important nodes of river systems.Understanding the mechanism of transport of pollutants at the confluence of rivers is critical for assessing water quality.In recent years,thanks to the data of satellite images,the interest of researchers in the phenomenon of mixing the waters of merging rivers has increased.The nature of the merger is influenced by the formation of transverse circulation.Within the framework of this work,a study of vorticity,as well as the width of the mixing zone,depending on the distance from the confluence,the speeds of the merging rivers and the angle of confluence was carried out.Since the consumer properties of water are largely determined by its chemical and physical indicators,the intensity of mixing,determined largely by the nature of the secondary circulation,is of fundamental importance for assessing the distribution of hydrochemical indicators of water quality in the mixing zone.These characteristics are important not only for organizing water intake for drinking and technical purposes with the best consumer properties,but also for organizing an effective monitoring system for confluence zones.

Three-Dimensional Structure of Optimal Nonlinear Excitation for Decadal Variability of the Thermohaline Circulation

The decadal variability of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation(THC) is investigated within a three-dimensional ocean circulation model using the conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation method. The results show that the optimal initial perturbations of temperature and salinity exciting the strongest decadal THC variations have similar structures: the perturbations are mainly in the northwestern basin at a depth ranging from 1500 to 3000 m. These temperature and salinity perturbations act as the optimal precursors for future modifications of the THC, highlighting the importance of observations in the northwestern basin to monitor the variations of temperature and salinity at depth. The decadal THC variation in the nonlinear model initialized by the optimal salinity perturbations is much stronger than that caused by the optimal temperature perturbations, indicating that salinity variations might play a relatively important role in exciting the decadal THC variability. Moreover, the decadal THC variations in the tangent linear and nonlinear models show remarkably different characteristics, suggesting the importance of nonlinear processes in the decadal variability of the THC.

Quantitative Prediction of Reduction in Large Pipe Setting Round Process

The control manner during the process to ensure the quality of pipe products mainly relies on the operator’s experience, so it is very necessary to study the setting round process and obtain its spring-back law. The setting round process is shaping an oval section pipe into circular section, so it is difficult to provide a quantificational analysis for its spring-back process because of the curvature inequality of pipe section neutral layer. However, the spring-back law of the circle-oval process can be easily predicted. The experimental method is firstly used to establish the equivalent effect between the setting round process and the circle-oval process. The setting round process can be converted into the circle-oval process. There are two difficulties in the theoretical analysis for the circle-oval process: elastic-plastic bending problem of curved beam; statically indeterminate problem. A quantitative analytic method for the circle-oval process is presented on the basis of combination of the spring-back law of plane curved beam with the element dividing idea in finite element method. The ovality after unloading versus the relative reduction is plotted with analytical and experimental results respectively, which shows a fair agreement. Finally, the method of quantitative prediction of reduction for large pipe setting round is given based on the equivalent effect and the analytical results. Five pipes, which are needed to be set round, are used to carry out experiment so as to verify this method. The results of verification experiment indicates that, in the experimental range, the residual ovality are all under 0.35% after the once only setting round with the theoretical prediction reductions. It is much less than the 1% requirement of pipe standard. Applying the established theoretical analysis is able to correct the pipe ovality with sufficient accuracy, which provides theoretical direction to plant use.

Analysis of a Cold Wave Weather Process in Chengdu in March 2010

[Objective] The aim was to analyze one cold wave weather process in Chengdu in March in 2010.[Method] Based on the NCEP 1°×1° 6 h interval reanalysis data and daily observation data,using synoptic analysis and diagnosis methods,and combining with the cold wave forecast index in spring of Sichuan,a cold wave event covering the whole region between March 21 and 24,2010 was analyzed from the aspects of circulation background,influencing weather systems and weather causation.[Result] Results showed that the 500 high-altitude cold vortex,700-850 hPa low layer shear,and ground cold front were the main systems that influenced this cold wave;there was a ridge from Lake Balkhash across Lake Baikal at 500 hPa.The early stage of the process was controlled by the high pressure ridge and the temperature was increasing obviously.The daily mean temperature was high.The range of cold high pressure was large and the central intensity was 1 043.0 hPa;the cold air was strong and deep which was in accordance with the strong surface temperature reduction center.The strong north airstream of Lake Balkhash to Lake Baikal,ground cold high pressure center intensity changes,north and south ocean pressure and temperature differences,850 hPa temperature changes,cold advection movement route and intensity were considered as reference factors for the forecast of cold wave intensity.[Conclusion] The study provided theoretical basis for improving the forecast ability of cold wave weather.

Main Energy Paths and Energy Cascade Processes of the Two Types of Persistent Heavy Rainfall Events over the Yangtze River–Huaihe River Basin

Two types of persistent heavy rainfall events （PHREs） over the Yangtze River-Huaihe River Basin were determined in a recent statistical study： type A, whose precipitation is mainly located to the south of the Yangtze River; and type B, whose precipitation is mainly located to the north of the river. The present study investigated these two PHRE types using a newly derived set of energy equations to show the scale interaction and main energy paths contributing to the persistence of the precipitation. The main results were as follows. The available potential energy （APE） and kinetic energy （KE） associated with both PHRE types generally increased upward in the troposphere, with the energy of the type-A PHREs stronger than that of the type-B PHREs （except for in the middle troposphere）. There were two main common and universal energy paths of the two PHRE types： （1） the baroclinic energy conversion from APE to KE was the dominant energy source for the evolution of large-scale background circulations; and （2） the downscaled energy cascade processes of KE and APE were vital for sustaining the eddy flow, which directly caused the PHREs. The significant differences between the two PHRE types mainly appeared in the lower troposphere, where the baroclinic energy conversion associated with the eddy flow in type-A PHREs was from KE to APE, which reduced the intensity of the precipitation-related eddy flow; whereas, the conversion in type-B PHREs was from APE to KE, which enhanced the eddy flow.

Physical Modeling of the Vacuum Circulation Refining Process of Molten Steel

The available studies in the literature on physical modeling of the vacuum circulation (RH, i.e. Ruhrstahl Heraeus) refining process of molten steel have briefly been reviewed. The latest advances made by the author with his research group have been summarized. Water modeling was employed to investigate the flow and mixing characteristics of molten steel under the RH and RH KTB (Kawasaki top blowing) conditions and the mass transfer features between molten steel and powder particles in the RH PTB (powder top blowing) refining. The geometric similarity ratio between the model and its prototype (a multifunction RH degasser of 90 t capacity) was 1:5. The effects of the related technological and structural factors were considered. These latest studies have revealed the flow and mixing characteristics of molten steel and the mass transfer features between molten steel and powder particles in these processes, and have provided a better understanding of the refining processes of molten steel.

Early Hydration and Setting Process of Fly Ash-blended Cement Paste under Different Curing Temperatures

A specially developed ultrasonic measurement apparatus (UMA) was used to in situ monitor the setting process of fly ash blended cement paste. Combined with the results of Vicat Needle tests, isothermal calorimetric measurement, XRD analysis, SEM morphology and compressive test, the influence of curing temperature (20, 40, 60, and 90 ℃) and fly ash content (0,10%, 20% and 30%) on the setting and hydration process of fly ash blended cement paste was analyzed. The results show that setting and hardening process of fly ash blended cement paste at elevated temperature can be clearly identified into three stages including dormant stage, acceleration stage and deceleration stage. The increasing of curing temperature greatly accelerates the setting and hardening process. However, the content of fly ash does not have significant effect on the setting in condition of 90 ℃. Besides, the initial and final setting time of cement paste is correspondent with the time of duration of dormant stage and the time of UPV value is 1500 m/s (T1500), respectively. Thus, the UMA can be used to determine the initial and final setting time of cementitious material under different curing temperatures. The compressive test results indicate that the paste with 20% fly ash presents higher compressive strength than the plain paste at curing temperatures of 90 ℃. Therefore, appropriate amount of fly ash is beneficial for concrete in the high temperature curing conditions.

Effect of supply voltage and body-biasing on single-event transient pulse quenching in bulk fin field-effect-transistor process

Charge sharing is becoming an important topic as the feature size scales down in fin field-effect-transistor （FinFET） technology. However, the studies of charge sharing induced single-event transient （SET） pulse quenching with bulk FinFET are reported seldomly. Using three-dimensional technology computer aided design （3DTCAD） mixed-mode simulations, the effects of supply voltage and body-biasing on SET pulse quenching are investigated for the first time in bulk FinFET process. Research results indicate that due to an enhanced charge sharing effect, the propagating SET pulse width decreases with reducing supply voltage. Moreover, compared with reverse body-biasing （RBB）, the circuit with forward body-biasing （FBB） is vulnerable to charge sharing and can effectively mitigate the propagating SET pulse width up to 53% at least. This can provide guidance for radiation-hardened bulk FinFET technology especially in low power and high performance applications.

Polarity for a Class of Levy Processes

Polar set of Markov processes is an important concept in probabilistic potential theory, but it is not easy to judge the polarity of the sets. In this paper, we give some results which can be easily used to examine the polarity of the sets whenX t belongs to a special class of Levy processes. We also give a result about polar functions of symmetric stable processes.

Preparation Process and Mechanical Properties of PLA/PCL Intravascular Stent

A hand-made biodegradable intravascular stent with zig- zag structure has been developed, which made from polylactic acid （ PLA ） braided thread and poly-eaprolactone （ PCL ） tube. This paper showed the preparation process of the PLA braded thread and stent, and discussed the heat setting process of the stents. The sixteen groups of stents were made for the heat setting experiments, discussing two factors on four levels. Radial compression behavior of stents was tested by plate compression method. The result showed that both the heat setting temperature and time had significant effects on stent compression strength. The compression recovery rate was mainly affected by heat setting temperature. The optimized heat setting condition should be 90-100℃ for 45 rain.

Detrital Mode and Geochemistry of the Shurijeh Formation (Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous) in the Central and Western Parts of the Intracontinental Kopet-Dagh Basin, NE Iran: Implications for Provenance, Tectonic Setting and Weathering Processes

Petrographical and geochemical methods were combined to investigate the provenance, geodynamic and weathering history of the Shurijeh sandstones, Kopet-Dagh Basin. The point-counting method and XRF technique are used for modal and geochemical analyses. Based on petrographical examinations, it seems that the Shurijeh sandstones are mainly deposited in the craton interior and recycled orogen belts. In addition to petrographical investigation, geochemical analyses （major oxides and trace elements） of Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous rocks reveal that the sedimentation processes are performed in a passive continental margin. Such interpretation is supported with geodynamic and paleogeographical studies of the Kopeh-Dagh basin during this time. The geochemical investigations suggested that the composition of probable source rocks mostly was acidic-intermediate with minor mafic igneous rocks. Based on the above, Paleo-Tethys remnants and their collision-related granitoids, in the south and west of Mashhad, may have been the source area for these rocks. CIA values, which range from 63.8 to 94.9 in samples, are suggesting a moderate to relatively high degree of alteration （weathering） in the source area. Therefore, petrographical and paleogeographical studies of siliciclastic rocks can be used for the provenance, tectonic setting and paleoweathering studies in the source area.

ON THE HITTING PROBABILITY AND POLARITY FOR A CLASS OF SELF-SIMILAR MARKOV PROCESSES

The anthem investigate the hitting probability, polarity and the relationship between the polarity and Hausdorff dimension for self-similar Markov processes with state space (0, infinity) and increasing path.

ON INTERSECTIONS OF INDEPENDENT NONDEGENERATE DIFFUSION PROCESSES

Let X（1） = {X（1）（s）, s ∈ R＋} and X（2） = {X（2）（t）, t ∈ R＋} be two inde-pendent nondegenerate diffusion processes with values in Rd. The existence and fractal dimension of intersections of the sample paths of X （1） and X （2） are studied. More gener-ally, let E1, E2？（0,∞） and F ？Rd be Borel sets. A necessary condition and a suffcient condition for P{X（1）（E1）∩X（2）（E2）∩F 6=？}〉0 are proved in terms of the Bessel-Riesz type capacity and Hausdorff measure of E1 × E2 × F in the metric space （R＋× R＋× Rd,ρb）, whereρb is an unsymmetric metric defined in R＋× R＋× Rd. Under reasonable conditions, results resembling those of Browian motion are obtained.

Mathematical Modeling of the Vacuum Circulation Refining Process of Molten Steel

The available studies in the literature on mathematical modeling of the vacuum circulation (RH) refining process of molten steel have briefly been reviewed. The latest advances obtained by the author with his research group have been summarized. On the basis of the mass and momentum balances in the system, a new mathematical model for decarburization and degassing during the RH and RH KTB refining processes of molten steel was proposed and developed. The refining roles of the three reaction sites, i.e. the up snorkel zone, the droplet group and steel bath in the vacuum vessel, were considered in the model. It was assumed that the mass transfer of reactive components in the molten steel is the rate control step of the refining reactions. And the friction losses and drags of flows in the snorkels and vacuum vessel were all counted. The model was applied to the refining of molten steel in a multifunction RH degasser of 90 t capacity. The decarburization and degassing processes in the degasser under the RH and RH KTB operating conditions were modeled and analyzed using this model. Besides, proceeded from the two resistance mass transfer theory and the mass balance of sulphur in the system, a kinetic model for the desulphurization by powder injection and blowing in the RH refining of molten steel was developed. Modeling and predictions of the process of injecting and blowing the lime based powder flux under assumed operating modes with the different initial contents of sulphur and amounts of powder injected and blown in a RH degasser of 300 t capacity were carried out using the model. It was demonstrated that for the RH and RH KTB refining processes, and the desulphurization by powder injection and blowing in the RH refining, the results predicted by the models were all in good agreement respectively with data from industrial experiments and practice. These models may be expected to offer some useful information and a reliable basis for determining and optimizing the technologies of the RH and RH KTB refining and desulphurization by powder injection and blowing in the RH refining and for controlling the processes.

Analysis of a Rare Continuous Rainy Process in Midsummer

[Objective] The research aimed to analyze a rare low temperature and rainy weather process which happened in Anhui Province from July 22 to August 14,2009.[Method] Based on the data of conventional observation,NCEP analysis field and automatic station,a rare low temperature and rainy weather process which occurred in Anhui Province from July 22 to August 14,2009 was analyzed.The formation reason of continuous rainy process in midsummer was discussed.The circulation characteristics and influence systems of continuous rainy process were revealed.On the base,the influences of configuration of circulation fields and difference of physical quantity fields at high and low layers on range and intensity of precipitation were analyzed.[Result] According to the circulation situation and influence system,the continuous rainy process could be divided into four stages:July 22-24,from July 27 to August 1,August 4-8 and August 9-14.Moreover,it was respectively affected by northeast low vortex,cold and warm air,high-level low trough,typhoon and periphery of subtropical high at four stages.The maintenance of big specific humidity zone provided sufficient water vapor condition for the continuous rainy weather.The rainstorm appeared in dense zone of specific humidity line,where the specific humidity >13 g/kg in the humidity front zone.A temperature trough maintained at 850 hPa.The cold air which continued to diffuse and go south was main reason of the abnormally low temperature during the continuous rainy period.Moreover,it provided ascending motion condition for precipitation maintenance.[Conclusion] The research provided references for actual forecast of continuous rainy weather.

Generic reconstruction technology based on RST for multivariate time series of complex process industries

In order to effectively analyse the multivariate time series data of complex process,a generic reconstruction technology based on reduction theory of rough sets was proposed,Firstly,the phase space of multivariate time series was originally reconstructed by a classical reconstruction technology.Then,the original decision-table of rough set theory was set up according to the embedding dimensions and time-delays of the original reconstruction phase space,and the rough set reduction was used to delete the redundant dimensions and irrelevant variables and to reconstruct the generic phase space,Finally,the input vectors for the prediction of multivariate time series were extracted according to generic reconstruction results to identify the parameters of prediction model.Verification results show that the developed reconstruction method leads to better generalization ability for the prediction model and it is feasible and worthwhile for application.

The Global Stability Analysis of a Mathematical Cellular Model of Hepatitis C Virus Infection with Non-Cytolytic Process

The aim of this work is to analyse the global dynamics of an extended mathematical model of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in vivo with cellular proliferation, spontaneous cure and hepatocyte homeostasis. We firstly prove the existence of local and global solutions of the model and establish some properties of this solution as positivity and asymptotic behaviour. Secondly we show, by the construction of appropriate Lyapunov functions, that the uninfected equilibrium and the unique infected equilibrium of the mathematical model of HCV are globally asymptotically stable respectively when the threshold number and when .

Identifying Game Processes Based on Private Working Sets

Fueled by the booming online games,there is an increasing demand for monitoring online games in various settings.One of the application scenarios is the monitor of computer games in school computer labs,for which an intelligent game recognition method is required.In this paper,a method to identify game processes in accordance with private working sets(i.e.,the amount of memory occupied by a process but cannot be shared among other processes)is introduced.Results of the W test showed that the memory sizes occupied by the legitimate processes(e.g.,the processes of common native windows applications)and game processes followed normal distribution.Using the T-test,a significant difference was identified between the legitimate processes and C/S-based computer games,in terms of the means and variances of their private working sets.Subsequently,we derived the density functions of the private working sets of the considered game processes and those of the legitimate processes.Given the private working set of a process and the derived probability density functions,the probability that the process is a legitimate process and the probability that the process is a game process can be determined.After comparing the two probabilities,we can easily determine whether the process is a game process or not.As revealed from the test results,the recognition accuracy of this method for C/S-based computer games was approximately 90%.

A FUZZY MATCH BASED EXPERT SYSTEM FOR SYNTHESIS OF SEPARATION PROCESSES

A predictive parallel search algorithm,the fuzzy match inference strategy,is implemented ina prototype expert system.Selection of separation technologies and sequencing of separators are beingapproached in an integrated manner.The fuzzy match mechanism results in a relatively smaller subsetof favored schemes,constituting a hyperstructure for further quantitative evaluation and combinationoptimization.An industrial application example of aromatics extraction separation is presented.