Background: Our study aimed to examine cardiovascular mortality within the working-age population, exploring epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical features, complications, and identifying etiological factors lin...Background: Our study aimed to examine cardiovascular mortality within the working-age population, exploring epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical features, complications, and identifying etiological factors linked to mortality. Methods: We conducted a descriptive and analytical retrospective study from September 2019 to August 2022 at the General Hospital Idrissa POUYE in Dakar, we reviewed all the medical records of patients from 15 to 60 years old who died while admitted in the cardiology department. Data collected were socioeconomic status, clinical history, type of cardiovascular disaese, length of hospitalization, circumstances and timing of death. The data were analyzed with R. Studio version 2022.12.0 + 353 and Excel 2019, with a P-value Results: The study included 73 patients, indicating a specific mortality rate of 8.8% and a proportional mortality of 39%. Predominantly male (sex ratio 1.2), the average age was 44. Key cardiovascular risk factors identified were sedentarism (76.7%), hypertension (28.8%), and smoking (21.9%). The leading cause for consultation was dyspnea (72.6%). Notable findings included a majority of patients presenting with general condition deterioration (90%) and cardiovascular collapse upon admission (23.3%). Physical exam revealed signs of heart failure in 63%. Echocardiography showed left ventricular ejection fraction impairment (81%) and pulmonary hypertension (78%). Immediate causes of death were primarily cardiogenic shock (45.2%) and septic shock (37%). The analytical study indicates that the data most closely associated with mortality were age, socio-economic level, ischemic heart disease (p = 0.034), rheumatic valvulopathies, pulmonary embolism (p = 0.034), hypertension (HTA) (p = 0.009), smoking (p = 0.011), diabetes (p = 0.011), dyslipidemias, prolonged bedrest (p = 0.001), morbid obesity (p = 0.001), and COVID-19 infection (p = 0.017). Conclusion: The prevalence of ischemic heart diseases, pulmonary embolisms, and valvulopathies in premature mortality statistics underscores the need for enhanced cardiovascular prevention efforts.展开更多
Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis and responsible for 20% of death in children under 5 years of age approximately 111 million episodes of gastroenteritis due to Rotavirus in under 5 children, whi...Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis and responsible for 20% of death in children under 5 years of age approximately 111 million episodes of gastroenteritis due to Rotavirus in under 5 children, which result in 25 million visits to clinic, 2 million hospitalization and 352,000 - 592,000 deaths. Children in the poorest countries account 82% of rotaviruses death. Diarrhea disease are major cause of death and disease among children under five years, a child on average suffers 2 to 3 attacks of diarrhea every year. Stools samples were collected from 196 children suffering from diarrhea and were tested for rotaviruses by immune chromatography test antigen (ICT-Ag), ELISA and RT PCR The data were analyzed using statistical package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results showed that prevalence of rotavirus was 26/196 (13.3%) by ICT Ag and ELISA and confirmed by RT-PC R. 87.8% of the children were vaccinated by Rota vaccine, 70% of their mothers not using soap for cleaning the children and thought diarrhea not infectious disease and believed it was caused by teething. In conclusion there was a decrease in prevalence of diarrhea by Rotavirus due to insertion of Rota vaccine in routine vaccination, rotavirus infection mostly occurs in poor family that not able to provide safe water and due to poor sanitation and low education of mother beside that some children suffered from malnutrition, so it recommended to incorporate ELISA as a diagnostic tool in routine diagnosis of rotavirus among children suffered from gastroenteritis.展开更多
Background: This study assessed the effect of a nutrition education intervention. This intervention aimed to improve the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of mothers on food safety in the peri-urban areas of Bobo-Di...Background: This study assessed the effect of a nutrition education intervention. This intervention aimed to improve the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of mothers on food safety in the peri-urban areas of Bobo-Dioulasso in Burkina Faso. Methods: A total of 243 mothers of children under 5 years in the peri-urban of Bobo-Dioulasso were administered the FAO questionnaire for food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices assessment during two cross-sectional surveys, before and after the intervention, in January and October 2017. The intervention included two components consisting of a theoretical phase (counselling and discussion) and cooking demonstrations implemented for ten months. To account for the before-and-after design of the study, the McNemar’s test was used to assess the effect of the intervention on food safety KAP of mothers of children under 5 years. Results: The mean age of mothers was 29 ± 6.2 years and 50.6% of them were between 20 and 29 years old. One for knowledge (cooking thoroughly with, p-value = 0.0001) and another for attitudes (perceived benefits of reheating leftovers before eating them, p-value = 0.0001), significantly increased after the intervention. In terms of food safety practices, all the indicators (cleaning of dirty surfaces, plates and utensils and storage of perishable foods) significantly increased (all p = 0.0001 Conclusion: This study provided some evidence of an effective nutrition education intervention for improving maternal KAP on food safety for their child’s feeding.展开更多
Magnesium and its alloys,as a promising class of materials,is popular in lightweight application and biomedical implants due to their low density and good biocompatibility.Additive manufacturing(AM)of Mg and its alloy...Magnesium and its alloys,as a promising class of materials,is popular in lightweight application and biomedical implants due to their low density and good biocompatibility.Additive manufacturing(AM)of Mg and its alloys is of growing interest in academia and industry.The domain-by-domain localized forming characteristics of AM leads to unique microstructures and performances of AM-process Mg and its alloys,which are different from those of traditionally manufactured counterparts.However,the intrinsic mechanisms still remain unclear and need to be in-depth explored.Therefore,this work aims to discuss and analyze the possible underlying mechanisms regarding defect appearance and elimination,microstructure formation and evolution,and performance improvement,based on presenting a comprehensive and systematic review on the relationship between process parameters,forming quality,microstructure characteristics and resultant performances.Lastly,some key perspectives requiring focus for further progression are highlighted to promote development of AM-processed Mg and its alloys and accelerate their industrialization.展开更多
Glioblastoma(GBM)is the most malignant form of glioma and is difficult to diagnose,leading to high mortality rates.Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are noncoding RNAs with a covalently closed loop structure.CircRNAs are involve...Glioblastoma(GBM)is the most malignant form of glioma and is difficult to diagnose,leading to high mortality rates.Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are noncoding RNAs with a covalently closed loop structure.CircRNAs are involved in various pathological processes and have been revealed to be important regulators of GBM pathogenesis.CircRNAs exert their biological effects by 4 different mechanisms:serving as sponges of microRNAs(miRNAs),serving as sponges of RNA binding proteins(RBPs),modulating parental gene transcription,and encoding functional proteins.Among the 4 mechanisms,sponging miRNAs is predominant.Their good stability,broad distribution and high specificity make circRNAs promising biomarkers for GBM diagnosis.In this paper,we summarized the current understanding of the characteristics and action mechanisms of circRNAs,illustrated the underlying regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs in GBM progression and explored the possible diagnostic role of circRNAs in GBM.展开更多
Clear PKKP, a P wave reflects off the core-mantle boundary on the core side, is recorded by the transcontinental USArray from two deep earthquakes occurred in South America and Tonga, and one intermediatedepth earthqu...Clear PKKP, a P wave reflects off the core-mantle boundary on the core side, is recorded by the transcontinental USArray from two deep earthquakes occurred in South America and Tonga, and one intermediatedepth earthquake in the Hindu Kush region. We compare the PKKP waveforms with the direct P waves to investigate the fine structures near the core-mantle boundary, with a primary focus on the core side. We find no evidence for the existence of a sedimentary layer of lighter elements with a thickness above a few hundreds of meters beneath the reflection points of the two deep events, which are located at the Ninety-East Ridge and South Africa. On the other hand the PKKP wave duration of the Hindu Kush event is almost twice as long as that of the P wave, suggesting that multiple reflections may be occurring at the core-mantle boundary located beneath the Antarctic, which is located inside the so-called tangent cylinder of the outer core. The tangent cylinder is an imaginary cylindrical region suggested by geodynamics studies, which has different flow pattern and may have a higher concentration in lighter elements as compared to the rest of the outer core. One possible explanation of the elongated PKKP is a thin distinct layer with a thickness of a few kilometers at the top of the outer core, suggesting that precipitation of lighter elements may occur at the core-mantle boundary. Our data also indicate an extremely low Qp of 312, approximately 40% of the PREM average (N780), within the large-scale low-velocity anomaly in the lowermost mantle beneath Pacific.展开更多
The major offshoot of innovation of electric vehicles (EVs) is sustainability. Given the prevailing challenges of carbon emissions from automobiles and the consequent effects on climate change, the introduction of EVs...The major offshoot of innovation of electric vehicles (EVs) is sustainability. Given the prevailing challenges of carbon emissions from automobiles and the consequent effects on climate change, the introduction of EVs is timely to serve as an effective mechanism for reversing global warming. However, knowledge of EVs is not well distributed among the general population. This study is therefore aimed to analyze the familiarity of Americans with the basic features of EVs. One hundred respondents were selected from two underserved communities in Huntsville, Alabama, using a simple sampling technique. Nonetheless, only 71 residents returned the filled questionnaires. Data were analyzed using frequency counts and descriptive statistics. Findings revealed that the respondents were generally aware of EVs, but EVs are not yet common on their roads. The respondents also signaled low preferences for EVs. The purchase price, charging stations, and limited supply are the candid explanations for why EVs are not a priority in the respondents’ choice of cars. To bolster peoples’ taste toward EVs, the study, therefore, concludes that government authorities and city planners should popularize incentives among the people in underserved communities.展开更多
In order to recover the strip pillar coal resources, reduce the amount of gangue mountain and realize remediation of the goaf environment in the old mining area, the raw gangue filling mining technology was proposed. ...In order to recover the strip pillar coal resources, reduce the amount of gangue mountain and realize remediation of the goaf environment in the old mining area, the raw gangue filling mining technology was proposed. According to the previous practical experience, the feasibility of the implementation of raw gangue filling mining technology in the coal-pressed area was analyzed. Through the filling gangue compaction test, the deformation under different loading stages was obtained. Further, a reasonable prediction of the deformation beyond the experimental limited loading load was made based on the experimental results. Through the deformation source analysis of the whole process of gangue filling, the key factors for controlling deformation before, during, and after filling were determined. Additionally, the proportion of deformation during different stages was quantified. Considering the protection of surface buildings, mining fullness of the working face and mining technology, the production parameters of 1209 and 1210 filling working faces were preliminarily determined. Through numerical simulation, the rationality of mining scheme was verified. Based on the practice of 1209 working face and the key factors to control the deformation of gangue filling, the mining system and process in 1210 working face were optimized. According to the measured surface rock movement, raw gangue filling mining technology can meet the requirements of surface building protection level. Especially, this paper provides a method to quantitatively calculate the equivalent mining height (EMH) of raw gangue filling and its mining deformation, which has reference significance for old mining areas.展开更多
Context/objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted all programs, potentially impacting access to health services for children under 5 years old. The Far North of Cameroon is one of the northern regions with a pre...Context/objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted all programs, potentially impacting access to health services for children under 5 years old. The Far North of Cameroon is one of the northern regions with a prevalence of malnourished children ranging from 5% to 10%. Due to the barrier measures implemented to combat the pandemic, many parents are reluctant to take their children to healthcare facilities. Some of these children were benefiting from the Ambulatory Care Center (ACC) program prior to the COVID-19 outbreak. The main objective of this research is to assess the impact of COVID-19 on access to health services for children under 5 in the Mayo Tsanaga (MT) and Logone & Chari (LC) departments. The implementation of barrier measures could significantly increase the risk of malnutrition among children under 5 years old. Method: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the MT and LC departments, employing both retrospective and prospective approaches. Data was collected through questionnaire, interview guide and a review of existing data prior to the pandemic (DHIS 2). Kobo Collect software was used for data collection, and R software was used for analysis. Results: Children who benefitted from the ACC program during the COVID-19 period were found to have a lower prevalence of malnutrition compared to those who did not benefit (OR: 0.09, CI {0.0 - 0.44}). Conclusion: COVID-19 has led to a decrease in the utilization of health facilities in both departments of the study, resulting in an increase in health issues such as malnutrition among children under 5 years old. Various policies have been implemented to improve attendance at health facilities.展开更多
文摘Background: Our study aimed to examine cardiovascular mortality within the working-age population, exploring epidemiological, clinical, and paraclinical features, complications, and identifying etiological factors linked to mortality. Methods: We conducted a descriptive and analytical retrospective study from September 2019 to August 2022 at the General Hospital Idrissa POUYE in Dakar, we reviewed all the medical records of patients from 15 to 60 years old who died while admitted in the cardiology department. Data collected were socioeconomic status, clinical history, type of cardiovascular disaese, length of hospitalization, circumstances and timing of death. The data were analyzed with R. Studio version 2022.12.0 + 353 and Excel 2019, with a P-value Results: The study included 73 patients, indicating a specific mortality rate of 8.8% and a proportional mortality of 39%. Predominantly male (sex ratio 1.2), the average age was 44. Key cardiovascular risk factors identified were sedentarism (76.7%), hypertension (28.8%), and smoking (21.9%). The leading cause for consultation was dyspnea (72.6%). Notable findings included a majority of patients presenting with general condition deterioration (90%) and cardiovascular collapse upon admission (23.3%). Physical exam revealed signs of heart failure in 63%. Echocardiography showed left ventricular ejection fraction impairment (81%) and pulmonary hypertension (78%). Immediate causes of death were primarily cardiogenic shock (45.2%) and septic shock (37%). The analytical study indicates that the data most closely associated with mortality were age, socio-economic level, ischemic heart disease (p = 0.034), rheumatic valvulopathies, pulmonary embolism (p = 0.034), hypertension (HTA) (p = 0.009), smoking (p = 0.011), diabetes (p = 0.011), dyslipidemias, prolonged bedrest (p = 0.001), morbid obesity (p = 0.001), and COVID-19 infection (p = 0.017). Conclusion: The prevalence of ischemic heart diseases, pulmonary embolisms, and valvulopathies in premature mortality statistics underscores the need for enhanced cardiovascular prevention efforts.
文摘Rotavirus is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis and responsible for 20% of death in children under 5 years of age approximately 111 million episodes of gastroenteritis due to Rotavirus in under 5 children, which result in 25 million visits to clinic, 2 million hospitalization and 352,000 - 592,000 deaths. Children in the poorest countries account 82% of rotaviruses death. Diarrhea disease are major cause of death and disease among children under five years, a child on average suffers 2 to 3 attacks of diarrhea every year. Stools samples were collected from 196 children suffering from diarrhea and were tested for rotaviruses by immune chromatography test antigen (ICT-Ag), ELISA and RT PCR The data were analyzed using statistical package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The results showed that prevalence of rotavirus was 26/196 (13.3%) by ICT Ag and ELISA and confirmed by RT-PC R. 87.8% of the children were vaccinated by Rota vaccine, 70% of their mothers not using soap for cleaning the children and thought diarrhea not infectious disease and believed it was caused by teething. In conclusion there was a decrease in prevalence of diarrhea by Rotavirus due to insertion of Rota vaccine in routine vaccination, rotavirus infection mostly occurs in poor family that not able to provide safe water and due to poor sanitation and low education of mother beside that some children suffered from malnutrition, so it recommended to incorporate ELISA as a diagnostic tool in routine diagnosis of rotavirus among children suffered from gastroenteritis.
文摘Background: This study assessed the effect of a nutrition education intervention. This intervention aimed to improve the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of mothers on food safety in the peri-urban areas of Bobo-Dioulasso in Burkina Faso. Methods: A total of 243 mothers of children under 5 years in the peri-urban of Bobo-Dioulasso were administered the FAO questionnaire for food safety knowledge, attitudes, and practices assessment during two cross-sectional surveys, before and after the intervention, in January and October 2017. The intervention included two components consisting of a theoretical phase (counselling and discussion) and cooking demonstrations implemented for ten months. To account for the before-and-after design of the study, the McNemar’s test was used to assess the effect of the intervention on food safety KAP of mothers of children under 5 years. Results: The mean age of mothers was 29 ± 6.2 years and 50.6% of them were between 20 and 29 years old. One for knowledge (cooking thoroughly with, p-value = 0.0001) and another for attitudes (perceived benefits of reheating leftovers before eating them, p-value = 0.0001), significantly increased after the intervention. In terms of food safety practices, all the indicators (cleaning of dirty surfaces, plates and utensils and storage of perishable foods) significantly increased (all p = 0.0001 Conclusion: This study provided some evidence of an effective nutrition education intervention for improving maternal KAP on food safety for their child’s feeding.
基金supported by Scientific Research Program Funded by Shaanxi Provincial Education Department(Program No.22JK0479)Research Start-up Project of Xi’an University of Technology(Grant No.101-256082204)+5 种基金International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of Shaanxi Province(No.2023-GHZD-50)Project of Science and Technology Shaanxi Province(No.2023-JC-YB-412)Project of Science and Technology Shaanxi Province(No.2023-JC-QN-0573)Projects of Major Innovation Platforms for Scientific and Technological and Local Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements of Xi’an(No.20GXSF0003)Projects of Major Scientific and Technological Achievements Local Transformation of Xi’an(No.2022JHZDZH-0039)Higher Education Institution Discipline Innovation and Intelligence Base of Shaanxi Provincial(No.S2021-ZC-GXYZ-0011).
文摘Magnesium and its alloys,as a promising class of materials,is popular in lightweight application and biomedical implants due to their low density and good biocompatibility.Additive manufacturing(AM)of Mg and its alloys is of growing interest in academia and industry.The domain-by-domain localized forming characteristics of AM leads to unique microstructures and performances of AM-process Mg and its alloys,which are different from those of traditionally manufactured counterparts.However,the intrinsic mechanisms still remain unclear and need to be in-depth explored.Therefore,this work aims to discuss and analyze the possible underlying mechanisms regarding defect appearance and elimination,microstructure formation and evolution,and performance improvement,based on presenting a comprehensive and systematic review on the relationship between process parameters,forming quality,microstructure characteristics and resultant performances.Lastly,some key perspectives requiring focus for further progression are highlighted to promote development of AM-processed Mg and its alloys and accelerate their industrialization.
基金This work was funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,China,Grant No.ZR2020QH016.
文摘Glioblastoma(GBM)is the most malignant form of glioma and is difficult to diagnose,leading to high mortality rates.Circular RNAs(circRNAs)are noncoding RNAs with a covalently closed loop structure.CircRNAs are involved in various pathological processes and have been revealed to be important regulators of GBM pathogenesis.CircRNAs exert their biological effects by 4 different mechanisms:serving as sponges of microRNAs(miRNAs),serving as sponges of RNA binding proteins(RBPs),modulating parental gene transcription,and encoding functional proteins.Among the 4 mechanisms,sponging miRNAs is predominant.Their good stability,broad distribution and high specificity make circRNAs promising biomarkers for GBM diagnosis.In this paper,we summarized the current understanding of the characteristics and action mechanisms of circRNAs,illustrated the underlying regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs in GBM progression and explored the possible diagnostic role of circRNAs in GBM.
文摘Clear PKKP, a P wave reflects off the core-mantle boundary on the core side, is recorded by the transcontinental USArray from two deep earthquakes occurred in South America and Tonga, and one intermediatedepth earthquake in the Hindu Kush region. We compare the PKKP waveforms with the direct P waves to investigate the fine structures near the core-mantle boundary, with a primary focus on the core side. We find no evidence for the existence of a sedimentary layer of lighter elements with a thickness above a few hundreds of meters beneath the reflection points of the two deep events, which are located at the Ninety-East Ridge and South Africa. On the other hand the PKKP wave duration of the Hindu Kush event is almost twice as long as that of the P wave, suggesting that multiple reflections may be occurring at the core-mantle boundary located beneath the Antarctic, which is located inside the so-called tangent cylinder of the outer core. The tangent cylinder is an imaginary cylindrical region suggested by geodynamics studies, which has different flow pattern and may have a higher concentration in lighter elements as compared to the rest of the outer core. One possible explanation of the elongated PKKP is a thin distinct layer with a thickness of a few kilometers at the top of the outer core, suggesting that precipitation of lighter elements may occur at the core-mantle boundary. Our data also indicate an extremely low Qp of 312, approximately 40% of the PREM average (N780), within the large-scale low-velocity anomaly in the lowermost mantle beneath Pacific.
文摘The major offshoot of innovation of electric vehicles (EVs) is sustainability. Given the prevailing challenges of carbon emissions from automobiles and the consequent effects on climate change, the introduction of EVs is timely to serve as an effective mechanism for reversing global warming. However, knowledge of EVs is not well distributed among the general population. This study is therefore aimed to analyze the familiarity of Americans with the basic features of EVs. One hundred respondents were selected from two underserved communities in Huntsville, Alabama, using a simple sampling technique. Nonetheless, only 71 residents returned the filled questionnaires. Data were analyzed using frequency counts and descriptive statistics. Findings revealed that the respondents were generally aware of EVs, but EVs are not yet common on their roads. The respondents also signaled low preferences for EVs. The purchase price, charging stations, and limited supply are the candid explanations for why EVs are not a priority in the respondents’ choice of cars. To bolster peoples’ taste toward EVs, the study, therefore, concludes that government authorities and city planners should popularize incentives among the people in underserved communities.
文摘In order to recover the strip pillar coal resources, reduce the amount of gangue mountain and realize remediation of the goaf environment in the old mining area, the raw gangue filling mining technology was proposed. According to the previous practical experience, the feasibility of the implementation of raw gangue filling mining technology in the coal-pressed area was analyzed. Through the filling gangue compaction test, the deformation under different loading stages was obtained. Further, a reasonable prediction of the deformation beyond the experimental limited loading load was made based on the experimental results. Through the deformation source analysis of the whole process of gangue filling, the key factors for controlling deformation before, during, and after filling were determined. Additionally, the proportion of deformation during different stages was quantified. Considering the protection of surface buildings, mining fullness of the working face and mining technology, the production parameters of 1209 and 1210 filling working faces were preliminarily determined. Through numerical simulation, the rationality of mining scheme was verified. Based on the practice of 1209 working face and the key factors to control the deformation of gangue filling, the mining system and process in 1210 working face were optimized. According to the measured surface rock movement, raw gangue filling mining technology can meet the requirements of surface building protection level. Especially, this paper provides a method to quantitatively calculate the equivalent mining height (EMH) of raw gangue filling and its mining deformation, which has reference significance for old mining areas.
文摘Context/objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted all programs, potentially impacting access to health services for children under 5 years old. The Far North of Cameroon is one of the northern regions with a prevalence of malnourished children ranging from 5% to 10%. Due to the barrier measures implemented to combat the pandemic, many parents are reluctant to take their children to healthcare facilities. Some of these children were benefiting from the Ambulatory Care Center (ACC) program prior to the COVID-19 outbreak. The main objective of this research is to assess the impact of COVID-19 on access to health services for children under 5 in the Mayo Tsanaga (MT) and Logone & Chari (LC) departments. The implementation of barrier measures could significantly increase the risk of malnutrition among children under 5 years old. Method: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in the MT and LC departments, employing both retrospective and prospective approaches. Data was collected through questionnaire, interview guide and a review of existing data prior to the pandemic (DHIS 2). Kobo Collect software was used for data collection, and R software was used for analysis. Results: Children who benefitted from the ACC program during the COVID-19 period were found to have a lower prevalence of malnutrition compared to those who did not benefit (OR: 0.09, CI {0.0 - 0.44}). Conclusion: COVID-19 has led to a decrease in the utilization of health facilities in both departments of the study, resulting in an increase in health issues such as malnutrition among children under 5 years old. Various policies have been implemented to improve attendance at health facilities.