Analysis and Prospect of Waste Heat Utilization from Blast Furnace Slag Flushing

Estimating the residual heat of blast furnace slag flushing in China,classifying and introducing the current proposed methods of slag flushing waste heat utilization,and listing existing cases.In order to better save energy and water in the slag flushing process of blast furnaces,an ideal comprehensive cascade utilization system scheme for annual recovery of waste heat is proposed.Based on the measured waste heat data of a steel plant,design calculations are carried out to further analyze the economic feasibility of the new scheme and provide reference for its promotion and application.

Formation cause,composition analysis and comprehensive utilization of rare earth solid wastes

Based on practical situation of rare earth industrial chain,production process and rare earth materials that could produce solid wastes on batch were discussed.Formation cause,formation volume,composition analysis and comprehensive utilization of the solid wastes of rare earth hydrometallurgy slag,electrolysis slag,Fe-based rare earth permanent magnetic materials,Co-based rare earth permanent magnetic materials,rare earth hydrogen storage materials,rare earth polishing powders and rare earth catalysts were ...

Technology of comprehensive disposal and utilization of municipal solid waste (MSW)

The project for treating MSW of 200 tons each day was built in Yibin, Sichuan Province of China. The disposal processes are: separation and selection of usable resources; compost and fermentation of “heavy” organic waste (kitchen, garden composting rubbish); incineration of “light” waste (plastic, paper, wood and bamboo etc.) and landfill of inorganic waste. The thermal energy generated in the process can be used as 1/3 of the whole energy for drying fertilizers. In the process, there is no wastewater drainage, and air emissions can be effectively controlled by a series of measures. The sanitary and environmental indicators of disposal site meet the national standards. This project has worked well for two years. It not only disposes of and reduces the MSW, but also retrieves the resource effectively. The organic fertilizer has been applied in the ten thousand acres of fields, with productivity increase by more than 10%.

Advances in Research on Comprehensive Utilization of Tea Waste

China is a big producer and consumer of tea. A huge amount of tea waste is produced in China every year, resulting in environmental pollution and enormous natural resources waste. From the perspective of utilization way, this pa- per summarized the research progresses in tea waste as a raw material for ex- tracting active ingredients and preparing absorbent, activated carbon, bio-organic fer- tilizer, animal feed and nutrients for edible fungi cultivation. In addition, the develop- ment trend of comprehensive utilization of tea waste was prospected. It is found that the comprehensive utilization of tea waste using a variety of techniques can im- prove the utilization efficiency of tea waste and reduce production costs. Finally, a simple and practical comprehensive utilization program was proposed to provide a reference for practical application.

Synthesis of Activated Carbon from Polyethylene Terephthalate(PET)Plastic Waste and Its Application for Removal of Organic Dyes from Water

Synthetic plastics are often considered to be materials that cannot be broken down by natural processes.One such plastic,polyethylene terephthalate(PET),is commonly used in everyday items but when these products are discarded,they can cause serious harm to the environment and human health.In this study,PET plastic waste was used to create activated carbon using a physical activation process that involved using CO2 gas.The researchers investigated the effects of different temperatures,carbonization,and activation times on the resulting activated carbon’s surface area.The activated carbon was then analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD),FTIR,and BET.The activated carbon created from PET plastic waste showed excellent absorption properties for methylene blue in aqueous solutions across a wide range of pH levels.By creating activated carbon from plastic waste,not only are environmental issues addressed,but high-value activated carbon is produced for environmental remediation purposes.

Analysis of Comprehensive Utilization of Coconut Waste

This paper describes and analyzes the coconut cultivation in China,and the current comprehensive utilization of waste resources generated during cultivation and processing of coconut.The wastes generated in the process of cultivation include old coconut tree trunk,roots,withered coconut leaves,coconut flower and fallen cracking coconut,mainly used for biogas extraction,direct combustion and power generation,brewing,pharmacy,and processing of building materials;the wastes generated during processing include coconut water,coconut coat,coconut shell and coconut meal,mainly used for processing beverages,pharmaceutical products,activated carbon,medium and feed.This paper analyzes and explores some problems in the process of comprehensive utilization of coconut waste in China,such as insufficient understanding,inadequate development and lack of research efforts,and finally puts forth the corresponding development countermeasures.

Optimization of hydrothermal pretreatment for co-utilization of xylose and glucose of cassava anaerobic residue for producing ethanol

The development of a process that could recover biofuel from industrial cellulose waste can not only reduce the negative environmental impacts by using fossil fuels, but also bring a green idea for the waste’s disposing. In this study, hydrothermal pretreatment was optimized for cassava anaerobic residue, a cellulosic waste from cassava ethanol industry, to co-utilize xylose and glucose for producing bioethanol. The effect of the main pretreatment conditions, namely, temperature, solid content and time, was explored for the highest recovery of xylose in prehydrolysate and glucose in enzymatic hydrolysate. The single factor experiment results showed that the conditions for maximum xylose recovery in prehydrolysate and glucose recovery in enzymatic hydrolysate were 60℃, 75 min, 10% solids and 160℃, 75 min, 10% solids, respectively. Whereafter, response surface methodology(RSM) was applied to further optimize the pretreatment conditions for the maximum theoretical ethanol production through utilizing both xylose and glucose. A treatment at 163℃, for 59 min and with 9.5%solids was found optimal, with the highest ethanol production of 20.2 mg·g^-1 raw material. Furthermore, in order to assess the impacts of the pretreatment on cassava anaerobic residue, the changes in crystallinity and morphology for untreated and pretreated solids were investigated.

Resourceful Utilization of Tannery Wastewater

Leather industry is an important light industry in China.Leather making requires a series of chemical treatment.Degreasing,unhairing and chrome tanning wastewaters are the main portions of tannery wastewater.Reclaiming and reusing these wastewaters can eliminate 80% of COD,75% of BOD,95% of chromium and 93% of sulfuret,furthermore reduce environment impact,decrease treatment costs,save chemicals and water.Some application methods of wastewater reclamation and reuse for different operations were reported.The suitable reclamation and reuse technologies can enable leather making processes more rational,and realize the recovery and recycle of several chemicals in the tannery.Resourceful utilization of tannery wastewater should mate with renovating production technology,updating equipment,and must be guaranteed sufficiently by environmental protection measures.

Site Selection of Waste Slag Yard and Design of Protective Measures in Water Supply Project of Drawing from the Songhua River in Central Cities of Jilin

Water supply project of drawing from the Songhua River in central cities of Jilin is taken as research object.On the basis of analyzing project characteristics and natural conditions of the project area,site selection of waste slag yard of water diversion project and design of water and soil conservation measures are discussed.Rationality of site selection of waste slag yard and pertinence of prevention and control measures of water and soil loss in waste slag yard are analyzed,and comprehensive utilization of waste slag in large-scale production and construction projects is explored.

余热余压空气梯级利用的双涡流管有机朗肯循环综合性能分析与优化

为充分利用工业生产中的余热余压空气能量,同时降低ORC系统冷凝热损失,该文提出一种双涡流管ORC系统(ORC coupled with double vortex tubes,DVT-ORC)。利用热源涡流管将放热后的余热余压空气分离成冷、热空气,冷空气用于工质冷却,热空气作为二级蒸发器的热源且换热后其余压用于驱动气动增压泵;利用工质涡流管将透平乏气分离成冷、热气流,热气流经气动增压泵升压再循环,冷气流进入空气冷却器冷却。以150℃、0.6 MPa的空气为初始热源,R245fa为工质,建立热力与经济的多目标优化模型,分析双涡流管冷流比和透平排气压力对系统综合性能的影响;采用遗传算法进行优化,确定系统最优工况。结果表明:当热源涡流管冷流比大于0.3时,DVT-ORC输出功大于基本ORC输出功,工质涡流管与空气冷却器的㶲损失之和较基本ORC系统冷凝器的㶲损失最大可减小1240.32 kW,单位电力生产成本较低,DVT-ORC系统热力性与经济性提升。系统最佳运行工况在透平排气压力为0.3007 MPa、工质涡流管冷流比为0.8738、热源涡流管冷流比为0.8942时,对应的净输出功为173.94 kW、热效率为13.57%、单位电力生产成本为0.415元/(kW·h)。

选煤固废资源化利用研究进展

煤炭洗选是实现煤炭清洁高效利用的前提和基础,洗选过程产生的固体废弃物(矸石和尾煤等)产量逐年增加,其综合治理及利用已经成为亟待解决的重要问题。论文介绍了选煤固废的理化特性,系统总结了选煤固废资源化利用研究进展,就选煤固废综合利用技术的现存问题和发展方向进行了展望。煤矸石和尾煤含有大量的硅铝化物及锂、镓、钛等微量元素,在燃烧发电、充填、建筑材料制备、土壤改良、高值化利用等方面具有广阔的应用前景。相对而言,目前煤矸石的综合利用途径更为全面,尤其是以超高水充填技术、采选充+X技术等技术为代表的矸石充填开采,具有煤矸石大宗处理的巨大潜力。尾煤的资源化利用是近年来的热点,在环境治理、土壤改良等方面取得了突破,可以用来制备吸附剂、土壤改良剂等材料。选煤固废资源化利用未来应着眼于适应市场需求以及可持续发展理念,通过完善技术、引入智能化等进一步实现选煤固废高效、安全、环保、分级梯级利用。

循环经济背景下皮革废弃物综合利用研究

随着循环经济的概念被社会普遍认可和接受,越来越多的人对循环再利用和环保问题逐渐重视,皮革废弃物的综合利用问题也被提上日程。本文从循环经济背景下皮革废弃物综合利用研究的意义、皮革废弃物综合利用目前存在的问题,以及在循环经济背景下如何做好皮革废弃物综合利用等多个方面进行了探讨,以期为皮革行业的废弃物得到充分利用提供借鉴。

二次铝灰无害化处理和资源化利用研究进展

二次铝灰是铝熔渣经提取金属铝后得到的固体废弃物,含有氮化铝以及盐类精炼剂,二次铝灰具有污染和资源的双重属性,长期堆存会对环境构成威胁,而夹杂其中的铝化合物可用于二次回收利用,缓解环境危机。目前,二次铝灰的回收利用方法主要包括湿法冶金和火法冶金,湿法冶金主要是将二次铝灰进行溶解,提取里面的铝元素制备氧化铝、聚合氯化铝等;火法冶金主要是在高温条件下煅烧,制备微晶玻璃、耐火材料等。本文总结了二次铝灰的危害,概述了二次铝灰的无害化处理和资源化利用的现状,以期提高二次铝灰的资源化利用效率,降低二次铝灰对环境的污染。

“无废城市”理念下的垃圾处理厂景观设计策略研究——以南京玖生渼餐厨垃圾处理厂为例

快速的城市化进程导致城市人口的急速增长,资源浪费与生活垃圾处理等难题日益突出。在此背景下,“无废城市”理念倡导的以减少废弃物产生和实现资源循环利用为目标,对推动城市可持续发展具有重要意义。基于此理念,诸如城市环保型垃圾处理设施开始受到大量的关注并成为建设热点,其景观设计也应契合“无废城市”的循环再生理念。鉴于此,通过厘清国内外“无废城市”的发展脉络,将“无废城市”理念与餐厨垃圾处理厂景观营造进行关联研究,构建垃圾处理厂景观设计体系理论框架。结合南京玖生渼餐厨垃圾处理厂景观营造实践,从融合生态理念和现状资源、结合资源循环和环保创意,以及耦合社会参与和景观营造三个方面提出环保型垃圾厂景观设计的策略,以废弃物再利用为主要设计方法打造“无废花园”景观,以期为同类景观设计提供新的参考和设计思路。

我国蔬菜废弃物利用研究进展

蔬菜产业是我国种植业中仅次于粮食的第二大产业,是乡村振兴的重要支柱产业,在保障人们生活必需品的同时产生了大量废弃物。概述了当前我国蔬菜生产及分布情况、蔬菜废弃物资源量及理化特性,从原位还田、好氧发酵、饲料利用、厌氧发酵4个方面阐述蔬菜废弃物的利用技术研究进展,分析当前限制蔬菜废弃物处理利用产业发展的关键问题,提出构建全国蔬菜废弃物资源台账、提高技术装备经济性、开展绿色低碳循环试点示范、构建处理利用长效机制等对策建议,以期为提高蔬菜废弃物的转化利用率、减少环境污染提供参考。

盾构渣土余泥处理与应用技术

我国的盾构施工技术已经较为成熟,盾构渣土余泥作为盾构施工中产生的建筑废弃物,其资源化发展和综合性应用也正受到社会的广泛关注。本文详细介绍了盾构渣土余泥的理化性能,并整理了脱水技术和除铁技术两大预处理技术。而在盾构渣土余泥的综合利用方面,本文围绕其作为盾构施工的辅助材料、利用其潜在水硬性生产高性能产品以及制作烧结类产品等几个方面做了重点介绍。盾构渣土余泥的资源化发展和综合性的应用具有较高的市场前景,也具有深远的环保意义。

固废基水化硅酸钙制备及综合利用研究进展

大宗固废是工业生产过程中产生的各种固体废弃物,大多数固废中含有较多的硅资源和各种有价资源。水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)是一种疏松多孔、表面活性强的材料,被广泛应用于水泥活化、保温材料制备和重金属吸附等方面,将大宗固废有价资源高效提取和硅资源高效利用制备C-S-H相结合,是提高固废资源化和实现C-S-H材料规模化利用的良好途径。因此,本文分析了固废基C-S-H的合成方法及其结构、性能特点,论述了C-S-H材料在建材、环境、化工、生物等领域的应用,并进一步展望了其未来的发展方向,从而为大宗固废的硅资源利用和C-S-H材料的可控制备提供参考。

农业秸秆废物生产动物饲料的研究现状与发展趋势

概述了利用农业秸秆废物制备动物饲料的方法、现状和前景,首先说明了农业秸秆废物的概念、种类和处理技术,重点阐述了利用微生物或化学剂对秸秆进行预处理,降解其纤维素、半纤维素和木质素,增加其适口性和消化性的方法。然后介绍了国内外秸秆饲料的研究和应用情况,以及存在的技术和经济问题。最后展望了农业秸秆废物生产动物饲料的发展方向和目标,旨在为相关研究和应用提供参考和启示。

黄磷炉渣综合利用技术现状与发展趋势

黄磷炉渣是黄磷生产过程中的主要固体废弃物,含有丰富的硅、钙等成分,具有较高的资源化利用潜力。当前技术主要集中在建筑材料中的应用,如水泥、微晶玻璃、陶瓷和烧结砖的制备。这些应用在提高材料的物理机械性能的同时还能有效减少生产成本和环境污染。此外,黄磷炉渣在农业肥料和废热利用方面也展现出了良好的应用前景。未来的发展方向包括进一步优化处理工艺、提高利用率和开发高附加值产品,实现黄磷炉渣的资源化利用,降低环境污染,提高经济效益。未来,随着技术的不断进步和政策支持力度的加大,黄磷炉渣的综合利用将得到进一步推广和应用。

钒钛磁铁矿剥离废石特性与综合利用实践

这是一篇矿业工程领域的论文。钒钛磁铁矿铁矿采选过程中产生大量剥离废石,主要分为三类:剥离土物料、剥离岩石物料和表外矿。由于风化、雨淋等作用,废石中的有毒有害元素会对周围环境造成二次污染。废石资源的回收再利用大有裨益,能够提高资源利用率并有效减少土地占用和环境污染。因此,本文对三种剥离废石的特性进行了系统分析,并以此为依据,对其综合利用途径分别进行分析和总结。剥离土物料和剥离岩石物料可以根据其风化程度,作为尾矿坝筑坝材料、建筑砂石用料等,变废为宝;表外矿可以通过预选提高品位,进行回收利用。本文能够为钒钛磁铁矿剥离废石的进一步综合利用提供参考借鉴,从而大幅提高钒钛磁铁矿矿资源综合利用水平。