Testing Analysis of Composite Ground with Grouting Piles and Deep Mixing Piles

This paper discusses a new technique to improve soft ground with grouting piles and deep mixing piles. The bearing capacity of composite ground and the stress ratio between piles and soil is discussed by means of the static test. Based on Mindlin solution and Boussinesq solution, the additional stress and settlement of the composite ground are acquired.Compared the practical value with calculation, a better calculating method is confirmed.

Field testing of stiffened deep cement mixing piles under lateral cyclic loading

Construction of seaside and underground wall bracing often uses stiffened deep cement mixed columns （SDCM）. This research investigates methods used to improve the level of bearing capacity of these SDCM when subjected to cyclic lateral loading via various types of stiffer cores. Eight piles, two deep cement mixed piles and six stiffened deep cement mixing piles with three different types of cores, H shape cross section prestressed concrete, steel pipe, and H-beam steel, were embedded though soft clay into medium-hard clay on site in Thailand. Cyclic horizontal loading was gradually applied until pile failure and the hysteresis loops of lateral load vs. lateral deformation were recorded. The lateral carrying capacities of the SDCM piles with an H-beam steel core increased by 3-4 times that of the DCM piles. This field research clearly shows that using H-beam steel as a stiffer core for SDCM piles is the best method to improve its lateral carrying capacity, ductility and energy dissipation capacity.

What induced the trend shift of mixed-layer depths in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current region in the mid-1980s?

An obvious trend shift in the annual mean and winter mixed layer depth(MLD)in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current(ACC)region was detected during the 1960–2021 period.Shallowing trends stopped in mid-1980s,followed by a period of weak trends.The MLD deepening trend difference between the two periods were mainly distributed in the western areas in the Drake Passage,the areas north to Victoria Land and Wilkes Land,and the central parts of the South Indian sector.The newly formed ocean current shear due to the meridional shift of the ACC flow axis between the two periods is the dominant driver for the MLD trends shift distributed in the western areas in the Drake Passage and the central parts of the South Indian sector.The saltier trends in the regions north to Victoria Land and Wilkes Land could be responsible for the strengthening mixing processes in this region.

Deformation and stability of the seawall,considering the strength uncertainty of cement mixing piles

The cement mixing (CM) pile is a common method of improving soft offshore ground. The strength growth of CM piles under complex conditions is affected by many factors, especially the cement and moisture contents, and shows significant uncertainty. To investigate the stochasticity of the early strength of CM piles and its impact on the displacement and stability of a seawall, a series of laboratory tests and numerical analyses were carried out in this study. Vane shear tests were conducted on the cement-solidified soil to determine the relationships between the undrained shear strength s_(u) of the cement soil curing in the seawater and the cement content a_(c), as well as the in situ soil moisture content w. It can be inferred that the 24 h undrained shear strength follows a normal distribution. A numerical model considering the random CM pile strength was established to investigate the deformation of the seawall. Due to the uncertainty of CM pile strength, the displacement of the seawall demonstrates a certain discreteness. The decrease of the mean undrained shear strength of CM piles causes a corresponding increase in the average displacement of the seawall. When the mean strength of CM piles is lower than a certain threshold, there is a risk of instability. Furthermore, the heterogeneity of the strength within an individual CM pile also has an impact on seawall displacement. Attention should be paid to the uncertainty of CM pile strength to control displacement and stability.

Bearing Capacity of Mixed Pile with Stiffness Core

To study load transfer mechanism and bearing capacity of a mixed pile with stiffness core （MPSC）, which is formed by inserting a precast reinforced concrete pile （PRCP）, in-situ tests involving MPSCs with different lengths, diameters, water cement ratios and PRCPs, cement mixed piles, and drilling hole piles, were carried out. Limit bearing capacities, load-settlement curves and stress distribution of MPSCs and mixed piles were obtained. The load transfer between cement soil and PRCP was analyzed by finite element method （FEM）. Test results and FEM analysis show that an MPSC has fully utilized the big friction from a cement mixed pile and the high compressive strength from a PRCP which transfers outer top load into the inner cement soil, and that inserting a PRCP into a mixed pile changes the stress distribution of a mixed pile and improves frictional resistance between a mixed pile and soil. The length and the section area on PRCP of an MPSC both have an optimum value. Adopting MPSC is effective in improving the bearing capacity of soft soil ground.

Bearing Behaviors of Stiffened Deep Cement Mixed Pile

A series of investigations were conducted to study the bearing capacity and load transfer mechanism of stiffened deep cement mixed （SDCM） pile. Laboratory tests including six specimens were conducted to investigate the frictional resistance between the concrete core and the cementsoil. Two model piles and twenty-four full-scale piles were tested to examine the bearing behavior of single pile. Laboratory and model tests results indicate that the cohesive strength is large enough to ensure the interaction between core pile and the outer cement-soil. The full-scale test results show that the SDCM piles exhibit similar bearing behavior to bored and cast-in-place concrete piles. In general, with the rational composite structure the SDCM piles can transmit the applied load effectively, and due to the addition of the stiffer core, the SDCM piles possess high bearing capacity. Based on the findings of these experimental investigations and theoretical analysi , a practical design method is developed to predict the vertical bearing capacity of SDCM pile.

The Shaking Table Test on the Performance of Cement-mixed Piles in Liquefiable Railway Foundations

Cement-mixed piles,as countermeasure against liquefaction of silt and sand ground,can improve the shear strength and bearing capacity of foundation soil,meaning cement-mixed piles are capable of resisting displacement when an earthquake happens. However,investigations of cement-mixed piles by experimental methods such as the shaking table test is few and far between. It is especially true for the seismic performance of cement-mixed piles in liquefiable railway foundations in high seismic intensity regions. To this end,a cross-section of the Yuxi-Mengzi railway was selected as the prototype and studied by the shaking table test in this study. The results showed that composite foundation of cementmixed piles was not liquefied when the seismic acceleration was lower than 0. 30g. In the process of acceleration increasing from 0. 30g at 2Hz to 0. 60g at 3Hz,the upper middle silt outside slope toe was partly liquefied. The foundation soil under the shoulders and center of subgrade was far from the initial liquefaction criterion during the test. Cementmixed piles can effectively reduce the embankment settlement and differential settlement. It can be concluded that, the design of cement-mixed piles can ensure the seismic performance of the subgrade,and satisfy the seismic design requirements of the YuxiMengzi railway in areas of VIII degrees seismic fortification intensity.

基于PLAXIS 3D的散货码头堆场地基加固分析

为研究某散货码头堆场由于荷载使用条件的改变,在新荷载条件下地基土体的位移和稳定性,采用PLAXIS 3D软件建立三维有限元模型,对堆场地基进行水泥搅拌桩加固模拟分析。结果表明,经水泥搅拌桩加固后的地基最大沉降量为0.393 9m,最大水平位移为0.170 9m,水泥搅拌桩加固能有效减小土体位移,提高堆场的整体稳定。

立式紊流搅拌机多相流场及混合性能

为研究液体与固体颗粒在大容积立式搅拌机中的混合特性,建立了转轴与转筒耦合运动形式的双轴立式搅拌机和单轴立式搅拌机模型,利用计算流体动力学仿真软件Fluent中的双欧拉模型和RNG k-ε湍流模型,以污泥和铁尾矿颗粒作为混合介质,分别模拟2种搅拌机内部物料的混合过程,对流体流动特性以及固相颗粒体积分布规律进行分析,并对比分析了双轴搅拌和单轴搅拌对液固两相混合性能的影响.结果表明:相同工况下,2种搅拌机内的流场特性差异较大,双轴搅拌机内流体的紊流效果明显强于单轴搅拌机;固相颗粒在单轴搅拌机内从上到下呈阶梯状分布,而在双轴搅拌机内各处均匀分布;结合示踪剂扩散时间可得出,双轴搅拌机单位体积混合能耗远小于单轴搅拌机,所以双轴搅拌机的搅拌混合效果以及混合效率优于单轴搅拌机.研究结果可为大容积搅拌混合设备的设计与优化提供重要的参考.

海洋电磁发射机可控源整流电路动态性能优化

海洋电磁发射机在非理想状况工作时母线会产生冲击电压,严重时损坏开关管和滤波电容,为此提出一种混合控制策略。首先,基于dq坐标系的前馈解耦控制策略分析海洋电磁发射机可控源整流电路的动态性能,其次,通过理论证明负载扰动和无功电流iq≠0影响控制系统的动态性能,然后提出在dq电流解耦控制中引入瞬态直接电流思想的改进q轴混合控制方法,在dq电流解耦控制中引入负载电流前馈和无功电流iq≠0环节,改善了d轴电流id的响应速度,提高了控制系统的动态性能。最后,实验结果对比表明,混合控制方法在负载突变、直流侧电压给定值突变和船上柴油发电机电压跌落3种情况下,直流侧电压超调差最小,与最长调整时间相比减少了65%左右。

饱和地基水泥土复合桩近场主动隔振的BEM-FEM耦合分析

人工振动污染是当前城市发展过程中面临的一个难题,单排或多排桩是人工振动污染防治的一种重要方式。传统基桩施工容易造成泥浆污染、振动等各种负面环境问题,而水泥土复合桩是一种低振动、低噪声、无挤土、少排泥浆的新型基桩,特别适合在城区构建排桩屏障。针对饱和地基中单排水泥土复合桩的近场主动隔振问题,建立了动力机器基础环境振动影响的半解析BEM方程;在此基础上,分别采用半解析BEM对饱和地基、FEM对水泥土复合桩进行建模,根据饱和地基-水泥土桩接触面的平衡和相容条件,建立了水泥土复合桩近场主动隔振的半解析BEM-FEM耦合方程,给出了耦合方程稀疏矩阵的存储策略,并对单排水泥土复合桩的近场主动隔振效果进行了计算分析。研究结果表明:单排水泥土复合桩能够有效地对动力机器基础引起环境振动进行隔振;等长芯桩复合桩的隔振效果要优于短芯桩。单排水泥土复合桩的隔振效果随着桩数的增加而逐渐提高;较小桩间距并不一定取得更好的隔振效果,建议相邻桩桩间净距取2.0~2.5λ_(R)(Rayleigh波波长)。随着单排水泥土复合桩距振源距离的增加,屏障隔振效果逐渐降低,但降低幅度相对较小。此外,对水泥土复合桩而言,当内插预制桩的外轮廓尺寸相同时,预制芯桩型式对水泥土复合桩隔振效果影响相对较小,可根据实际工程条件选择合适的芯桩类型。

外剥内扎术结合残余痔组织剥除、痔上黏膜套扎术治疗环状混合痔137例疗效分析

目的观察外剥内扎术结合残余痔组织剥除、痔上黏膜套扎术(M-M procedure,excision of residual piles tissue and above mucosa ligation,MEAL)治疗环状混合痔的临床疗效。方法收集2019年1月至2020年1月于南京中医药大学第二附属医院肛肠中心接受MEAL的54例环状混合痔病人作为实验组(MEAL组);以同期47例行单纯外剥内扎术(M-M组)和36例行选择性痔上黏膜切除术(TST组)的病人为对照组,分别比较各组病人的住院时间、创面愈合时间、皮赘残留、痔疮复发、肛门狭窄及肛门失禁情况。结果随访时间为(351.80±110.28)d,MEAL组的住院时间和对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(均P>0.05);MEAL组的创面愈合时间(11.55±1.67)d短于M-M组(12.38±1.91)d及TST组(12.38±2.11)d,均差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);MEAL组的痔疮复发率1.85%(1/54)、皮赘残留发生率18.52%(10/54)均低于M-M组痔疮复发率14.89%(7/47)、皮赘残留发生率36.17%(17/47)及TST组痔疮复发率16.66%(6/36)、皮赘残留发生率41.67%(15/36),差异有统计学意义(均P<0.05);全组均无肛门失禁及肛门狭窄病例。结论基于M-M的MEAL治疗环状混合痔具有减少创面、降低复发率等优点,在保护肛门的同时,明显减少了皮赘残留的发生。

水泥土加固桩水平循环承载性能足尺试验研究

选取宿迁典型饱和粉土场地,采用水泥土搅拌桩加固钻孔灌注桩桩周土,开展灌注桩水平循环加载足尺试验。探究水泥土加固试验桩(TPI)和未加固试验桩(TPU)在循环水平荷载作用下的滞回特性、弯矩、刚度退化、位移延性、水平承载力与残余变形能力。试验结果表明:TPI比TPU桩的弯矩减小47%,屈服位移减小41%,水平承载力提升150%,有效刚度提升240%,等效黏滞阻尼比提升233%,桩的开裂荷载提升150%,屈服荷载阶段桩体的残余变形能力减小17%。水泥土搅拌法不仅可以限制桩侧粉土液化,增加桩基础的耗能及位移延性,而且可以显著的降低桩头水平位移和弯矩的发展。从抗震性能的角度分析,水泥土搅拌桩加固既有桩基,有效抑制了加固范围内地基土刚度衰减,增强了桩-土结构的总耗能、等效黏滞阻尼系数与变形恢复能力,提高桩基础在大变形阶段的抗震性能。

三轴搅拌桩组合高压旋喷桩入岩落底式止水帷幕施工技术

某房建深基坑工程支护形式采用排桩+落底式止水帷幕,场地地质条件上部为富水深厚砂层,下部为强风化岩层,止水帷幕需穿透强风化岩0.5 m,以隔断强透水层。通过对地质情况及现有设备条件分析,采用大功率桩机先行施工三轴搅拌桩,养护后进行桩体质量抽芯验证,再针对不同缺陷程度采用高压旋喷桩分别进行补强的组合工艺施工止水帷幕。基坑开挖结果表明,该落底式止水帷幕效果良好,能有效隔断强透水层,与灌注排桩结合形成深基坑支护结构体系具有较高的经济性、适用性。

利用旋转双目立体相机的桩体倾斜度测量方法

桩体倾斜度监测在沉桩作业中至关重要,现有方法普遍存在安置过程复杂、工作耗时长等典型问题。针对以上问题,以双目立体设备研制为基础,提出了一种基于双目立体视觉的桩体倾斜度测量方法。首先,该方法通过旋转码盘与相机的高精度标定实现利用码盘旋转角度读数来高效计算相机在任意旋转角度的位姿信息。其次,在双目影像同步采集以及高频倾斜角度测量条件下,设计了一种新的利用提取桩体边线几何的方法来拟合桩体中心轴线方向向量,从而快速计算柱体的倾斜度。实验结果表明,该方法可准确计算相机相对位姿以及柱体倾斜度,倾斜度测量精度可达到优于0.1°,且单次自动测量效率优于10 s,相较于常用的全站仪测量方法,其效率可提高6倍以上,能够满足连续高效且高精度的桩体倾斜度测量需求。

螺旋桩芯劲性复合桩水平承载特性数值模拟分析

螺旋桩芯劲性复合桩(HSCMP)是一种将刚性螺旋桩与柔性水泥土桩进行复合,形成互补增强的劲性复合桩型。针对HSCMP水平承载性能,建立数值分析模型,进行参数化分析,研究水泥土无侧限抗压强度与桩周土不排水抗剪强度比(q_(u)/S_(u))、叶片直径与螺旋桩桩径比(D/d)对HSCMP的水平荷载—位移曲线、桩身位移、桩身弯矩的影响。结果表明:HSCMP的桩身位移及弯矩随着q_(u)/S_(u)和D/d的增加逐渐减小;HSCMP的水平极限承载力随着q_(u)/S_(u)的增大先线性增长后趋于稳定,随着D/d的增大近似线性提高。最后提出了HSCMP归一化水平极限承载力修正计算公式。

C80免压蒸机制砂管桩混凝土研究与应用

利用整形机制砂实现C80免压蒸管桩混凝土的生产,优化胶凝体系,通过正交试验研究矿物掺合料最优搭配,优化常压蒸汽养护工艺,提高免压蒸管桩混凝土强度,满足设计要求。

预制H型混凝土板桩在软土地区深大基坑中的应用

以上海天安豪园二期C区项目为例,将五轴搅拌桩内插预制H型混凝土板桩应用到上海软土地区地下2层基坑中。详细介绍了H型板桩的设计方法、施工要点,采用规范算法预测基坑开挖期间围护结构变形,并与现场实测数据进行对比分析,结果表明,支护结构及周边环境均处于安全稳定状态,从而验证H型板桩围护的有效性。

改良配方水泥搅拌桩现场试桩试验对比研究

水泥搅拌桩在深厚海相淤泥软土中成桩困难,改良配方的水泥搅拌桩研究具有重要的工程意义。本文针对珠海市横琴保税区一道路工程地质情况,研究了5种水泥搅拌桩(4种改良配方和1种未改良对比组)的试桩成桩效果,综合考虑桩身完整性及其强度,对各方案成桩效果进行了定量对比分析。分析结果表明:随着软土层深度的增加,各方案试桩的桩身完整性和强度减小;当粉煤灰掺量为40%或矿渣掺量为31%时,改良的水泥搅拌桩无侧限抗压强度较纯水泥搅拌桩分别提高了104.95%和43.56%;在本场区内,粉煤灰掺量为40%的改良水泥搅拌桩较其它方案更具有适用性;而对于矿渣—水泥改良体系,当矿渣掺入量过高时,水泥搅拌桩的成桩效果随着矿渣掺入量的增加反而降低。

水泥土搅拌桩加固铁路饱和黄土地基承载特性试验及分析

针对兰州西至中川机场城际铁路沿线分布着大量饱和黄土,天然承载力低,无法满足工程建设要求这一问题,依据复合地基理论,提出用水泥土搅拌桩加固饱和黄土地基。通过FLAC 3D软件建立柔性荷载作用下水泥土搅拌桩复合地基模型,进行承载特性分析。得出以下结论:复合地基承载力为150 kPa,较原位地基土的承载力100.24 kPa有明显的提高;随着上部荷载的增加,沉降量也增大,中桩沉降量最大,边桩次之,角桩最小;桩身轴应力沿深度变化曲线存在一个中性点,此处桩身轴应力达到最大值;桩顶应力、桩间土应力随着荷载增加而增大,荷载为180 kPa是增长幅度发生变化的转折点。