5G Wideband Bandpass Filtering Power Amplifiers Based on a Bandwidth-Extended Bandpass Matching Network

In this paper,a 5G wideband power amplifier(PA)with bandpass filtering response is synthesized using a bandwidth-extended bandpass filter as the matching network(MN).In this structure,the bandwidth(θ_(C))is defined as a variable in the closedform equations provided by the microstrip bandpass filter.It can be extended over a wide range only by changing the characteristic impedances of the structure.Different from the other wideband MNs,the extension of bandwidth does not increase the complexity of the structure(order n is fixed).In addition,based on the bandwidth-extended structure,the wideband design of bandpass filtering PA is not limited to the fixed bandwidth of the specific filter structure.The theoretical analysis of the MN and the design flow of the PA are provided in this design.The fabricated bandpass filtering PA can support almost one-octave bandwidth(2-3.8 GHz),covering the two 5G bands(n41 and n78).The drain efficiency of 47%-60%and output power higher than 40 dBm are measured.Good frequency selectivity in S-parameter measurements can be observed.

NOVEL MICROSTRIP DUAL-MODE BANDPASS FILTER WITH COUPLING ENHANCEMENT AND WIDEBAND SPURIOUS RESPONSE SUPPRESSION

The microstrip dual-mode filter （DMF） with conventional coupling structure has some limitations in- eluding the port coupling strength limited by fabrication tolerance and the existence of serious second order spuri- ous band. Therefore, a novel DMF with a offset-feed bended coupling structure and a stepped-impedance dual- mode resonator is proposed for coupling enhancement and spurious response suppression. Based on the analysis of the change of spur frequencies and the current distribution of spur resonant modes, all spurs near passband of the cascaded DMF can be fully suppressed by optimizing the structure parameters of parasite resonators, which bene- fits from the inherent well-controlled transmission zeros. Experimental results show that the proposed DMF ex- hibits lower insertion loss ,much sharper rate of cutoff and wider spur-free stop band compared with conventional DMF. This design is applicable for spur suppression in wideband communication.

A Linear CMOS OTA and Its Application to a 3.3V 20 MHz High-Q g_m-C Bandpass Filter

A design of a linear and fully-balanced operational transconductanee amplifier （OTA） with improved high DC gain and wide bandwidth is presented. Derivative from a single common-source field effect transistor （FET） cas- cade and its DC I-V characteristics,the third-order coefficient g3 hasbeen well compensated with a parallel FET operated in the triode region, which has even-odd symmetries between the boundary of the saturation and triode region. Therefore,for high linearity,a simple solution is obtained to increase input signal amplitude in saturation for the application of OTA continuous-time filters. A negative resistance load （NRL） technique is used for the compensation of parasitic output resistance and an achievement of a high DC-gain of the OTA circuits without extra internal nodes. Additionally, derivations from the ideal -90° phase of the gm-C integrator mainly due to a finite DC gain and parasitic poles will be avoided in the frequency range of interest. HSPICE simulation shows that the total harmonic distortion at 1Vp-p is less than 1% from a single 3.3V supply. As an application of the VHF CMOS OTA,a second-order OTA-C bandpass filter is fabricated using a 0. 18μm CMOS process with two kinds of gate-oxide layers, which has achieved a center frequency of 20MHz,a 3dB-bandwidth of 180kHz,and a quality factor of 110.

Spoof surface plasmon-based bandpass filter with extremely wide upper stopband

We investigate the guiding modes of spoof surface plasmon polaritons （SPPs） on a symmetric ultra-thin plasmonic structure. From the analysis, we deduce the operating frequency region of the single-mode propagation. Based on this property, a spoof SPPs lowpass filter is then constituted in the microwave frequency. By introducing a transmission zero at the lower frequency band using a pair of stepped-impedance stubs, a wide passband filter is further realized. The proposed filter is fed by.a transducer composed of a microstrip line with a flaring ground. The simulated results show that the presented filter has an extremely wide upper stopband in addition to excellent passband filtering characteristics such as low loss, wide band, and high square ratio. A prototype passband filter is also fabricated to validate the predicted performances. The proposed spoof-SPPs filter is believed to be very promising for other surface waveguide components in microwave and terahertz bands.

Design and theoretical study of a polarization-insensitive multiband terahertz metamaterial bandpass filter

We report the design of a novel multiband metamaterial bandpass filter （BPF） in the terahertz （THz）-wave region. The designed BPF is composed of a metal-dielectric-metal sandwiched structure with three nested rings on the top surface and a cross structure on the bottom surface. Full-wave simulation results show that the designed BPF has three transmission peaks at frequencies of 0.42, 1.27, and 1.86 THz with transmission rates of-0.87,-1.85, and-1.83 dB, respectively. Multi-reflection interference theory is introduced to explain the transmission mechanism of the designed triple-band BPF. The theoretical transmission spectrum is in good agreement with the full-wave simulated results. The designed BPF can maintain a stable performance as the incident angle varies from 0 to 30 for both transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarizations of the incident wave. The designed BPF can be potentially used in THz devices due to its multiband transmissions, polarization insensitivity, and stable wide-angle response in the THz region.

Dual-Band Coupled-Line Bandpass Filter with Independently Tunable Bandwidths

This paper reports a novel dual-band coupled-line bandpass filter.Comprising a quadruple-mode coupled-line resonator,this proposed filter could filter signals on two frequency bands.After introducing two varactors,one of the four resonances could be continuously altered by changing the capacitance of the varactors,thus the two frequency bandwidths could be independently tunned.In this paper,the detailed explanation for its operation is given,and the agreement between the expected and practical performance sufficiently confirms the robustness and effectiveness of this proposed filter.

Compact 5G Vivaldi Tapered Slot Filtering Antenna with Enhanced Bandwidth

Compact fifth-generation(5G)low-frequency band filtering antennas(filtennas)with stable directive radiation patterns,improved bandwidth(BW),and gain are designed,fabricated,and tested in this research.The proposed filtennas are achieved by combining the predesigned compact 5G(5.975–7.125 GHz)third-order uniform and non-uniform transmission line hairpin bandpass filters(UTL and NTL HPBFs)with the compact ultrawide band Vivaldi tapered slot antenna(UWB VTSA)in one module.The objective of this integration is to enhance the performance of 5.975–7.125GHz filtennas which will be suitable for modern mobile communication applications by exploiting the benefits of UWB VTSA.Based on NTL HPBF,more space is provided to add the direct current(DC)biassing circuits in cognitive radio networks(CRNs)for frequency reconfigurable applications.To overcome the mismatch between HPBFs and VTSA,detailed parametric studies are presented.Computer simulation technology(CST)software is used for the simulation in this study.Good measured S11 appeared to be<−13 and<−10.54 dB at 5.48–7.73 and 5.9–7.98GHz with peak realized gains of 6.37 and 6.27 dBi,for VTSA with UTL and NTL HPBFs,respectively which outperforms the predesigned filters.Validation is carried out by comparing the measured and simulated results.

Condition Evaluation in Steel Truss Bridge with Fused Hilbert Transform,Spectral Kurtosis,and Bandpass Filter

This study is concerned with the diagnosis of discrepancies in a steel truss bridge by identifying dynamic properties from the vibration response signals of the bridges.The vibration response signals collected at bridges under three different vehicular speeds of 10 km/hr,20 km/hr,and 30 km/hr are analyzed using statistical features such as kurtosis,magnitude of peak-to-peak,root mean square,crest factor as well as impulse factor in time domain,and Stockwell transform in the time-frequency domain.The considered statistical features except for kurtosis show uncertain behavior.The Stockwell transform showed low-resolution outcomes when the presence of noise in the recorded vibration responses.The elimination of noise and extraction of meaningful dynamic properties from the vibration responses is done by applying a new method which comes from the fusion of Hilbert transform with Spectral kurtosis and bandpass filtering.The outcomes obtained from Hilbert transform processed residual signals which are further filtered using bandpass filter show more robustness and accuracy in characterizing bridge modal frequencies from the noisy vibration responses.The proposed method produces a high-resolution frequency response which can unveil the joint discrepancy in the bridge structure.

PCRR Based Bandpass Filter for C and L+U Bands of ITU-T G.694.2 CWDM Systems

A two Dimensional (2D) Photonic Crystal Ring Resonator (PCRR) based Bandpass Filter (BPF) is designed to cover C and L+U bands of Coarse Wavelength Division Multiplexing (CWDM) systems. It is devised with two quasi waveguides and a circular PCRR. The simulation results are obtained using 2D Finite Difference Time Domain (FDTD) method. The Photonic Band Gap (PBG) is calculated by Plane Wave Expansion (PWE) method. The BPFs allow the entire C-band (BPF1) and L+U bands (BPF2), which are extended from 1530 to 1565 nm (C band) and 1565 to 1675 nm (L+U bands). The computed bandwidth of BPF1 and BPF2 is 32 nm and 97 nm respectively. The size of the device is minimized from a scale of few tens of millimeters to the order of micrometers. The overall size of the BPF1 is around 12.8 μm × 11.4 μm and 11.4 μm × 11.4 μm for BPF2.

Time-Varying Bandpass Filter Based on Assisted Signals for AM-FM Signal Separation: A Revisit

In this paper, a new signal separation method mainly for AM-FM components blended in noises is revisited based on the new derived time-varying bandpass filter (TVBF), which can separate the AM-FM components whose frequencies have overlapped regions in Fourier transform domain and even have crossed points in time-frequency distribution (TFD) so that the proposed TVBF seems like a “soft-cutter” that cuts the frequency domain to snaky slices with rational physical sense. First, the Hilbert transform based decomposition is analyzed for the analysis of nonstationary signals. Based on the above analysis, a hypothesis under a certain condition that AM-FM components can be separated successfully based on Hilbert transform and the assisted signal is developed, which is supported by representative experiments and theoretical performance analyses on a error bound that is shown to be proportional to the product of frequency width and noise variance. The assisted signals are derived from the refined time-frequency distributions via image fusion and least squares optimization. Experiments on man-made and real-life data verify the efficiency of the proposed method and demonstrate the advantages over the other main methods.

Compact wide stopband superconducting bandpass filter using modified spiral resonators with interdigital structure

In this study, we propose a novel resonator that is composed of a modified spiral with an embedded interdigital capacitor. A large ratio of the first spurious frequency to the fundamental resonant frequency is obtained, which is suitable for the design of filters with wide stopbands, and the circuit size is considerably reduced by embedding the interdigital structure in the spiral. For demonstration, a compact four-pole high temperature superconducting（HTS） filter with a center frequency of 568 MHz is designed and fabricated on double-sided YBCO film with a size of 11.4 mm×8.0 mm. The filter measurement shows excellent performance with an out-of-band rejection level better than 60.9 dB up to 3863 MHz.

0.22 THz Waveguide Bandpass Filter with High Stop-Band Suppression

A terahertz（THz） waveguide band-pass filter using an iris inductive window coupled structure was designed and fabricated.The filter was designed at0.22 THz with a pass band of 20 GHz.The measured results show that the center frequency is 0.218 THz with a pass band of 0.205 THz to 0.231 THz,the minimum insertion loss is 1.26 d B at 0.224 THz,and the return loss is less than 13.1 d B.The stop-band suppression is65.6 d B at 0.193 THz and 51.8 d B at 0.243 THz,respectively,which means a good performance of high stop-band suppression.A good agreement exists between the measured S-parameters and the simulated ones,especially in the upper band.The proposed THz waveguide filter has potential applications in THz communications.

COMPUTER-AIDED OPTIMIZATION DESIGN OF BANDPASS FILTER WITH DIELECTRIC RESONATORS

By way of employing a multimode method together with the multimode transmission matrixtechnique based on the theory of planar circuits, the paper presents computer-aided design and optimized de-sign of bandpass fllters with dielectric resonators, and their sample was tested. The experimental result ofthe sample shows a reasonable agreement with the designed one.

A Cascade Approach to the Design of IIR Bandpass Filter

A prototype IIR bandpass filter is derived from an analog bandpass filter using bilinear transformation. The formulas relating the IIR bandpass filter's coefficients with its centre frequency and bandwidth are obtained. Using N sections of such filters, a cascade IIR bandpass filter is constructed. Based on given specifications and the formulas, the parameter N and the bandwidth of prototype filter can be obtained, and the required cascade IIR bandpass filter is obtained. The filter has a small set of coefficients with a simple structure, therefore is easy to design. The described approach is especially suitable for hardware implementation.

HIGH SELECTIVITY SC BANDPASS FILTERS WITH LESS CAPACITOR SPREAD

Two novel switched-capacitor(SC)bandpass filters using a single operational am-plifier(op amp)are presented.Optimal designs for minimizing capacitor spread are also given.Gain-bandwidth product(GB)effects of op amps on the proposed SC circuits are taken intoconsideration.Comparisons with the proposed circuits and the circuits given by the literatureshow that the new circuits require less chip area in monolithic integration and are less sensitiveto the GB effects.

34 GHz Bandpass Filter for Low-temperature Co-fired Ceramic System-in-Package Application

Modern electronic circuit requires compact,multifunctional technology in communication systems.However,it is very difficult due to the limitations in passive component miniaturization and the complication of fabrication process.The bandpass filter is one of the most important passive components in millimeter（mm）-wave communication system,attracting significant interest in three-dimension（3D） miniaturized design,which is few reported.In this paper,a bandpass filter structure using low-temperature co-fired ceramic（LTCC） technology,which is fully integrated in a system-in package（SIP） communication module,is presented for miniaturized and high reliable mm-wave application.The bandpass filter with 3D end-coupled microstrip resonators is implemented in order to achieve a high performance bandwidth characteristic.Specifically,all of the resonators are embedded into different ceramic layers to decrease the insertion loss and enhance the out-of-band rejection performance by optimizing the coupling coefficient and the coupling strength.A fence structure,which is formed by metal-filled via array with the gap less than quarter wavelength,is placed around the embedded bandpass filter to avoid electromagnetic（EM） interference problem in multilayer structure.This structural model is validated through actual LTCC process.The bandpass filter is successfully manufactured by modifying the co-fireablity characteristics,adjusting the sintering profile,releasing the interfacial stress,and reducing the shrinkage mismatch with different materials.Measured results show good performance and agree well with the high frequency EM full wave simulation.The influence of layer thickness and dielectric constant on the frequency response in fabricated process is analyzed,where thicker ceramic sheets let the filter response shift to higher frequency.Moreover,measured S-parameters denote the center frequency is also strongly influenced by the variation of ceramic material＇s dielectric constants.By analyzing the relationship between the characteristics of the ceramic tape and the center frequency of the filter,both theoretical and experimental data are accumulated for broadening application filed.With the coupling resonators embedded into the ceramic layers,the bandpass filter exhibits advantages of small size and high reliability compared to conventional planar filter structure,which makes the bandpass filter suitable for SIP communicational application.

Investigation on Suspended Stripline and End-Coupled Bandpass Filter

In this paper, the variational method combined with Green's function is used to analyze the characteristics of suspended, stripline. The result is in good agreement with references. The design of mm-wave end-coupled bandpass filter with suspended substrate is discussed. The computer programs for design of suspended stripline and bandpass filter are established.

Development of Hexagonal MMR Based UWB Bandpass Filter with 5 GHz Notch Band

This paper presents an experimental verification of ultra-wideband bandpass filter (BPF) for UWB applications and notch filter in order to suppress 5 GHz narrowband service when it coexists with UWB radio system. The BPF consists of a hexagonal shaped multiple mode resonator (MMR) with interdigital coupling at both sides. Notch filter is derived from BPF by introducing four embedded open stubs near by the MMR. The developed BPF has insertion loss of –2 dB and the minimum return loss about –35 dB, while for the notch filter they are –3 dB and –40 dB respectively. The group delay obtained for bandpass filter is below 0.2 ns and for notch filter, it is about 0.3 ns. With the above structural features the overall dimensions of the filter is 38 mm (length) × 3.2 mm (breadth) × 1.6 mm (height) and the percentage fractional bandwidth (FBW) of the proposed filter is about 120.48%.

gtate of the Art in Passive Bandpass Filter Solutions for 60 GHz Communications

This paper reviews the state-of-the-art filter designs for 60 GHz applications. The most promising filter solutions at this frequency include fiher-in-package where the filter itself is design in the packaging platform and filter-on-chip which is an on-chip filter co-design for miniaturized system size with low packaging cost. Design methodology, design technology, key performance parameters, similarities and dift）rences, advantages and drawbacks, and future trends are explored and studied. Filters in the printed circuit board （PCB）, low temperature co-fired ceramics （LTCC）, organie material, and bipolar complementary metal oxide semicomtuctor （BiCMOS） chips are summarized and compared in details. Future design trends and challenges are also given after the review.

Miniaturized Planar Ultra-Wideband Bandpass Filter with Notched Band

This paper presents a planar ultra-wideband (UWB) bandpass filter with sharp out-of-band rejection performance. The filter is formed by a folded multiple-mode resonator to realize high performance in an operation band from 3.3 to 10 GHz with a very compact size of 20 mm × 20 mm × 0.5 mm. An extra notched band centered at 5.8 GHz is further accomplished by etching a Hilbert fractal curve slit on the filter without the necessity of readjusting the geometrical parameters. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement.