Isolation and Identification of Cancer Stem Cells from Human Osteosarcom by Serum-free Three-dimensional Culture Combined with Anticancer Drugs

The cancer stem cells(CSCs)from human osteosarcoma by serum-free three-dimensional culture combined with anticancer drugs were isolated and identified.The primary cells derived from human osteosarcoma were digested by trypsin to prepare a single-cell suspension,and mixed homogeneously into 1.2% alginate gel.Single-cell alginate gel was cultured with serum-free DMEM/F12 medium.Epirubicin(0.8μg/mL)was added to the medium to enrich CSCs.After cultured conventionally for 7 to 10 days,most of cells suspended in ...

Three-dimensional cell culture systems as an in vitro platform for cancer and stem cell modeling

Three-dimensional(3D)culture systems are becoming increasingly popular due to their ability to mimic tissue-like structures more effectively than the monolayer cultures.In cancer and stem cell research,the natural cell characteristics and architectures are closely mimicked by the 3D cell models.Thus,the 3D cell cultures are promising and suitable systems for various proposes,ranging from disease modeling to drug target identification as well as potential therapeutic substances that may transform our lives.This review provides a comprehensive compendium of recent advancements in culturing cells,in particular cancer and stem cells,using 3D culture techniques.The major approaches highlighted here include cell spheroids,hydrogel embedding,bioreactors,scaffolds,and bioprinting.In addition,the progress of employing 3D cell culture systems as a platform for cancer and stem cell research was addressed,and the prominent studies of 3D cell culture systems were discussed.

Microfluidic three-dimensional cell culture of stem cells for high-throughput analysis

Although the recent advances in stem cell engineering have gained a great deal of attention due to their high potential in clinical research,the applicability of stem cells for preclinical screening in the drug discovery process is still challenging due to difficulties in controlling the stem cell microenvironment and the limited availability of high-throughput systems.Recently,researchers have been actively developing and evaluating three-dimensional(3D)cell culture-based platforms using microfluidic technologies,such as organ-on-a-chip and organoid-on-a-chip platforms,and they have achieved promising breakthroughs in stem cell engineering.In this review,we start with a comprehensive discussion on the importance of microfluidic 3D cell culture techniques in stem cell research and their technical strategies in the field of drug discovery.In a subsequent section,we discuss microfluidic 3D cell culture techniques for high-throughput analysis for use in stem cell research.In addition,some potential and practical applications of organ-on-a-chip or organoid-on-a-chip platforms using stem cells as drug screening and disease models are highlighted.

Irradiation Response of Adipose-derived Stem Cells under Three-dimensional Culture Condition

Objective Adipose tissue distributes widely in human body. The irradiation response of the adipose cells in vivo remains to be investigated. In this study we investigated irradiation response of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) under three-dimensional culture condition. Methods ASCs were isolated and cultured in low attachment dishes to form three-dimensional (3D) spheres in vitro. The neuronal differentiation potential and stem-liked characteristics was monitored by using immunofluoresence staining and flow cytometry in monolayer and 3D culture. To investigate the irradiation sensitivity of 3D sphere culture, the fraction of colony survival and micronucleus were detected in monolayer and 3D culture. Soft agar assays were performed for measuring malignant transformation for the irradiated monolayer and 3D culture. Results The 3D cultured ASCs had higher differentiation potential and an higher stem-like cell percentage. The 3D cultures were more radioresistant after either high linear energy transfer (LET) carbon ion beam or low LET X-ray irradiation compared with the monolayer cell. The ASCs’ potential of cellular transformation was lower after irradiation by soft agar assay. Conclusion These findings suggest that adipose tissue cell are relatively genomic stable and resistant to genotoxic stress.

Morphological properties and proliferation analysis of olfactory ensheathing cells seeded onto three-dimensional collagen-heparan sulfate biological scaffolds

This study aimed to examine the differences in the morphological properties and proliferation of olfactory ensheathing cells in three-dimensional culture on collagen-heparan sulfate biological scaffolds and in two-dimensional culture on common flat culture plates. The proliferation rate of olfactory ensheathing cells in three-dimensional culture was higher than that in two-dimensional culture, as detected by an M-I-r assay. In addition, more than half of the olfactory ensheathing cells subcultured using the trypsinization method in three-dimensional culture displayed a spindly Schwann cell-like morphology with extremely long processes, while they showed a flat astrocyte-like morphology in two-dimensional culture. Moreover, spindle-shaped olfactory ensheathing cells tended to adopt an elongated bipolar morphology under both culture conditions. Experimental findings indicate that the morphological properties and proliferation of olfactory ensheathing cells in three-dimensional culture on collagen-heparan sulfate biological scaffolds are better than those in two-dimensional culture.

Engineered three-dimensional rabbit oral epithelial–mesenchymal–muscular hybrid sheets

Regenerative muscles are required for swallowing and mastication, and are important for functional recovery from diseases involving oral muscular defects. Therefore, we generated three-layer hybrid sheets, similar to oral mucosal structures containing submucosal muscles, using rabbit oral mucosa epithelial, mesenchymal, and myoblastic progenitor cells, and examined the structural proteins. Each cell type was obtained from rabbit oral mucosa using enzymatic digestion. Isolated mesenchymal and myoblastic cells were multi-differentiated into osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes or myotubes. Isolated epithelial cells were cultured on collagen gels containing isolated mesenchymal cells for 2 weeks, and these epithelial-mesenchymal cell sheets were laminated onto myoblastic cell sheets. The engineered hybrid sheets were multi-stratified in the epithelial and myoblastic layers in a time-dependent manner, expressing intermediate cytoskeletal filament proteins of epithelium and muscle. Hybrid sheets also expressed extracellular matrix basement membrane proteins. Immature cell markers for epithelial and myoblastic cells were observed continuously in hybrid sheet cultures. We established engineered three-dimensional rabbit oral mucosa hybrid sheets containing each immature cell type in vitro.

Experimental Study on Self-assembly of KLD-12 Peptide Hydrogel and 3-D Culture of MSC Encapsulated within Hydrogel In Vitro

To synthesize KLD-12 peptide with sequence of AcN-KLDLKLDLKLDL-CNH2 and trigger its self-assembly in vitro, to encapsulate rabbit MSCs within peptide hydrogel for 3-D culture and to evaluate the feasibility of using it as injectable scaffold for tissue engineering of IVD. KLD-12 peptide was purified and tested with high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） and mass spectroscopy （MS）. KLD-12 peptide solutions with concentrations of 5 g/L, 2.5 g/L and 1 g/L were triggered to self-assembly with 1 xPBS in vitro, and the self-assembled peptide hydrogel was morphologically observed. Atomic force microscope （AFM） was employed to examine the inner structure of self-assembled peptide hydrogel. Mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） were encapsulated within peptide hydrogel for 3-D culture for 2 weeks. Calcein-AM/PI fluorescence staining was used to detect living and dead cells. Cell viability was observed to evaluate the bioactivity of MSCs in KLD-12 peptide hydrogel. The results of HPLC and MS showed that the relative molecular mass of KLD-12 peptide was 1467.83, with a purity quotient of 95.36%. KLD-12 peptide at 5 g/L could self-assemble to produce a hydrogel, which was structurally integral and homogeneous and was able to provide sufficient cohesion to retain the shape of hydrogel. AFM demonstrated that the self-assembly of KLD-12 peptide hydrogel was successful and the assembled material was composed of a kind of nano-fiber with a diameter of 3040 nm and a length of hundreds of nm. Calcein-AM/PI fluorescence staining revealed that MSCs in KLD-12 peptide hydrogel grew well. Cell activity detection exhibited that the A value increased over the culture time. It is concluded that KLD-12 peptide was synthesized successfully and was able to self-assemble to produce nano-fiber hydrogel in vitro. MSCs in KLD-12 peptide hydrogel grew well and proliferated with the culture time. KLD-12 peptide hydrogel can serve as an excellent injectable material of biological scaffolds in tissue engineering of IVD.

Assessment of pancreatic carcinoma cell chemosensitivity using a three-dimensional culture system

Background Monolayer cell culture models are the traditional culture models used for in vitro research of pancreatic carcinoma chemosensitivity. However, these models neglect the interactions between tumor cells and the impact of the tumor microenvironment. Such tumor cell monolayers poorly mimic the solid tumor microenvironment. The present study aimed to investigate the chemosensitivity characteristics of pancreatic cancer cells in a three-dimensional culture system by analyzing the differences in drug sensitivity between a scattered cell culture model and a multicellular spheroid culture model. Methods Three pancreatic cancer cell lines （SW1990, ASPC-1 and PCT-3） were cultured in three-dimensional collagen gels as well as in traditional two-dimensional monolayers. The chemosensitivities of the pancreatic carcinoma cells to 5-fluorouracil （5-FU）, gemcitabine, and oxaliplatin in vitro were detected by both the Cell Counting Kit-8 test and the collagen gel droplet-embedded culture drug-sensitivity test. Results In the two-dimensional culture model, differences in the chemosensitivities of the cloned pancreatic carcinoma cells and scattered cells existed for some concentrations of 5-FU, gemcitabine and oxaliplatin. In the three-dimensional culture model, there were significant differences in the chemosensitivities of the pancreatic cancer cells between the scattered cells and multicellular spheroids （P 〈0.05）. Conclusion Pancreatic carcinoma cells exhibit multicellular resistance in three-dimensional cultures.

The famous versus the inconvenient-or the dawn and the rise of 3D-culture systems

One of the greatest impacts on in vitro cell biology was the introduction of three-dimensional(3D)culture systems more than six decades ago and this era may be called the dawn of 3D-tissue culture.Although the advantages were obvious,this field of research was a "sleeping beauty"until the 1970s when multicellular spheroids were discovered as ideal tumor models.With this rebirth,organotypical culture systems became valu-able tools and this trend continues to increase.While in the beginning,simple approaches,such as aggregation culture techniques,were favored due to their simplicity and convenience,now more sophisticated systems are used and are still being developed.One of the boosts in the development of new culture techniques arises from elaborate manufacturing and surface modification tech-niques,especially micro and nano system technologies that have either improved dramatically or have evolved very recently.With the help of these tools,it will soon be possible to generate even more sophisticated and more organotypic-like culture systems.Since 3D per-fused or superfused systems are much more complex to set up and maintain compared to use of petri dishes and culture flasks,the added value of 3D approaches still needs to be demonstrated.

明胶三维微球装载人脐带间充质干细胞修复慢性肌腱病

背景:肌腱组织因缺少血管而修复困难,如何促进肌腱的恢复和提高肌腱损伤后干细胞治疗的效果,一直是临床及科研的研究热点和重点。目的:将人脐带间充质干细胞与明胶微载体支架结合构建组织工程化干细胞,通过体外实验与大鼠体内实验观察明胶微载体培养的人脐带间充质干细胞对肌腱病的治疗效果及作用机制。方法:(1)体外细胞实验:将人脐带间充质干细胞接种于三维明胶微载体后观察细胞活性以及存活情况,以常规培养的人脐带间充质干细胞作为对照;(2)动物体内实验:将成年SD大鼠随机分为正常组、肌腱病组、2D组(肌腱病+常规培养人脐带间充质干细胞)、3D组(肌腱病+明胶微载体三维培养的人脐带间充质干细胞),每组6只,治疗4周后进行动物行为学检测以及跟腱病理组织形态观察。结果与结论:(1)体外细胞实验:接种于明胶微载体的人脐带间充质干细胞存活率高,且随着时间延长细胞增殖速率增加;与对照组相比,三维明胶微载体培养的细胞活性更好;(2)动物体内实验:治疗4周后,与肌腱病组比较,3D组大鼠下肢功能恢复良好及组织病理学评分显著改善,而2D组也可一定程度改善肌腱病损伤,但效果不及3D组;(3)结果表明,三维明胶微载体培养的人脐带间充质干细胞可以促进肌腱损伤组织修复再生,且修复效果优于常规培养人脐带间充质干细胞。

调整细胞培养条件提高间充质干细胞外泌体治疗骨关节炎的潜能

背景:间充质干细胞外泌体有望发展成为治疗骨关节炎的无细胞疗法,而通过调整细胞培养条件,可以进一步提高其治疗活性和临床转化潜能。目的:综述分析细胞培养条件对外泌体活性的影响,分析其临床转化潜力。方法:查阅国内外有关骨关节炎/软骨损伤修复与间充质干细胞来源外泌体的文献。检索词分别为“外泌体,间充质干细胞,骨关节炎,软骨修复”和“exosomes,extracellular vesicles,mesenchymal stem cells,osteoarthritis,cartilage repair”,检索数据库分别为PubMed和中国知网数据库,检索时限为2010-2023年,最后纳入100篇文献进行总结和分析。结果与结论:(1)在间充质干细胞的培养过程中,提供有利于软骨细胞生长的物理环境,或添加软骨保护小分子、成软骨诱导因子和炎症因子等刺激细胞,可以进一步提高间充质干细胞外泌体在维持软骨细胞表型、促进软骨再生和免疫抑制等方面的调控活性;因此,其他具有相似特征的物理或化学因素,也有可能提升间充质干细胞外泌体治疗骨关节炎的疗效。(2)低氧诱导、脉冲电磁场刺激、生物反应器及软骨保护分子(如人甲状旁腺素1-34)刺激等细胞培养方案具有安全、可规模化生产等优点,可用于制备临床用途的、疗效好的间充质干细胞外泌体。(3)间充质干细胞外泌体有望实现骨关节炎的修正治疗,通过调整细胞培养方案提升治疗活性,可进一步提高其临床转化的可行性。

基质细胞衍生因子1修饰左旋聚乳酸多孔微球促进软骨细胞增殖和组织形成

背景:二维培养条件下的软骨细胞增殖及表型维持受限,多孔微球作为支架材料可提供三维培养环境,以更好地模拟体内生长条件。基质细胞衍生因子1是有强趋化效力的稳态细胞因子,能够促进细胞的黏附与增殖。目的:明确接枝基质细胞衍生因子1左旋聚乳酸多孔微球对软骨细胞生物学特性及软骨组织形成的影响。方法:(1)体外验证不同质量浓度基质细胞衍生因子1对兔软骨细胞增殖、迁移、表型维持的影响。(2)采用复乳法制备左旋聚乳酸多孔微球,利用碳二亚胺法将基质细胞衍生因子1接枝于左旋聚乳酸多孔微球上,通过酶联免疫吸附实验及孵育基质细胞衍生因子1特异荧光抗体验证接枝情况。(3)将兔软骨细胞分别接种于左旋聚乳酸多孔微球、接枝基质细胞衍生因子1左旋聚乳酸多孔微球上,检测细胞增殖与黏附。(4)在裸鼠背部皮下分别植入甲基丙烯酰胺基明胶-软骨细胞复合体(对照组)、左旋聚乳酸多孔微球-甲基丙烯酰胺基明胶-软骨细胞复合体(多孔微球组)、接枝基质细胞衍生因子1左旋聚乳酸多孔微球-甲基丙烯酰胺基明胶-软骨细胞复合体(多孔微球修饰组),8周后取材,分别进行组织学染色与成软骨相关基因qRT-PCR检测。结果与结论:(1)相较于0,1 000 ng/mL基质细胞衍生因子1,500 ng/mL基质细胞衍生因子1可促进软骨细胞的增殖与迁移,提升软骨细胞内Ⅱ型胶原、弹性蛋白、增殖细胞核抗原、Bcl-2 mRNA表达;(2)基质细胞衍生因子1成功接枝于左旋聚乳酸多孔微球上,接枝率为93.75%;(3)相较于左旋聚乳酸多孔微球,接枝基质细胞衍生因子1左旋聚乳酸多孔微球可促进软骨细胞的增殖、黏附;(4)裸鼠皮下植入8周后,相较于对照组、多孔微球组,多孔微球修饰组具有更明显的软骨陷窝结构、更丰富的软骨特异性基质和Ⅱ型胶原沉积,弹性蛋白、Ⅱ型胶原、增殖细胞核抗原、Bcl-2 mRNA表达升高。结果表明:接枝基质细胞衍生因子1左旋聚乳酸多孔微球有利于软骨细胞的黏附、增殖、表型维持以及体内软骨组织形成。

Shaping the eye from embryonic stem cells: Biological and medical implications

Organogenesis is regulated by a complex network of intrinsic cues, diffusible signals and cell/cell or cell/matrix interactions that drive the cells of a prospective organ to differentiate and collectively organize in three dimensions. Generating organs in vitro from embryonic stem (ES) cells may provide a simplified system to decipher how these processes are orchestrated in time and space within particular and between neighboring tissues. Recently, this field of stem cell research has also gained considerable interest for its potential applications in regenerative medicine. Among human pathologies for which stem cell-based therapy is foreseen as a promising therapeutic strategy are many retinal degenerative diseases, like retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration. Over the last decade, progress has been made in producing ES-derived retinal cells in vitro, but engineering entire synthetic retinas was considered beyond reach. Recently however, major breakthroughs have been achieved with pioneer works describing the extraordinary self-organization of murine and human ES cells into a three dimensional structure highly resembling a retina. ES-derived retinal cells indeed assemble to form a cohesive neuroepithelial sheet that is endowed with the intrinsic capacity to recapitulate, outside an embryonic environment, the main steps of retinal morphogenesis as observed in vivo. This represents a tremendous advance that should help resolving fundamental questions related to retinogenesis. Here, we will discuss these studies, and the potential applications of such stem cell-based systems for regenerative medicine.

Inducing human induced pluripotent stem cell differentiation through embryoid bodies:A practical and stable approach

Human induced pluripotent stem cells(hiPSCs)are invaluable resources for producing high-quality differentiated cells in unlimited quantities for both basic research and clinical use.They are particularly useful for studying human disease mechanisms in vitro by making it possible to circumvent the ethical issues of human embryonic stem cell research.However,significant limitations exist when using conventional flat culturing methods especially concerning cell expansion,differentiation efficiency,stability maintenance and multicellular 3D structure establishment,differentiation prediction.Embryoid bodies(EBs),the multicellular aggregates spontaneously generated from iPSCs in the suspension system,might help to address these issues.Due to the unique microenvironment and cell communication in EB structure that a 2D culture system cannot achieve,EBs have been widely applied in hiPSC-derived differentiation and show significant advantages especially in scaling up culturing,differentiation efficiency enhancement,ex vivo simulation,and organoid establishment.EBs can potentially also be used in early prediction of iPSC differentiation capability.To improve the stability and feasibility of EB-mediated differentiation and generate high quality EBs,critical factors including iPSC pluripotency maintenance,generation of uniform morphology using micro-pattern 3D culture systems,proper cellular density inoculation,and EB size control are discussed on the basis of both published data and our own laboratory experiences.Collectively,the production of a large quantity of homogeneous EBs with high quality is important for the stability and feasibility of many PSCs related studies.

肺类器官在呼吸系统感染性疾病研究中的应用进展

类器官是细胞在体外悬浮培养条件下自发形成的具有自我更新能力及相关功能的细胞团,是强大的三维模型,可一定程度再现原始组织的细胞异质性、结构与功能。肺类器官(LOs)由人类多能干细胞或成体干(祖)细胞培养、构建而成,其与免疫细胞共培养可更好地体现肺组织免疫反应及体内感染的全貌。本文对比分析LOs与其他肺部感染性疾病常用研究模型(包括动物模型、二维细胞培养、肺芯片和精确切割肺切片等)的特点,概述LOs的构建方法及其在病毒、细菌、分枝杆菌、隐孢子虫等引起的呼吸系统感染性疾病研究中的应用进展。

甲基丙烯酰明胶水凝胶作为细胞三维培养支架在骨组织工程中的应用

背景:骨缺损的治疗一直是临床医生亟待解决的临床难题,用甲基丙烯酰明胶进行细胞体外3D培养,可以为大面积骨缺损的治疗提供新的方向。目的:文章综述了甲基丙烯酰明胶作为3D细胞培养支架在骨组织工程中的研究进展,以期为临床骨缺损修复提供进一步的参考。方法:应用计算机检索中国知网及PubMed数据库1986年1月至2023年8月收录的文献,中英文检索词分别为“骨缺损,骨组织工程,生物支架材料,水凝胶,光交联水凝胶,甲基丙烯酰明胶,三维培养,细胞培养”和“Bone defect,Bone tissue engineering,Biomaterial scaffold,Hydrogel,Methylacrylyl photocrosslinked hydrogel,Three-dimensional culture;Cell culture”,最终纳入68篇文献进行综述分析。结果与结论:①同二维培养相比,3D培养可以在无菌条件下,构建立体三维空间,更好地模拟体内环境,为细胞提供合适的温度、酸碱度及足够的营养,使细胞能够在体外正常生长增殖并保持其正常结构与功能,具有独特优势。②在骨组织工程生物支架材料的选择中,水凝胶因其良好的生物相容性、可降解性及具有立体三维网络结构等优点,已被广泛应用于骨再生的研究。③甲基丙烯酰明胶的物理及生物性能受到浓度、光照时间及光引发剂种类以及反应体系等因素的影响,而这些性能均能对细胞的黏附、生长及增殖,甚至细胞形态及功能产生一定的影响。④甲基丙烯酰明胶因具有良好的生物相容性、物理可调节性、可注射性及光敏性能,已被广泛应用于3D细胞封装、3D生物打印及基于数字光处理的立体光刻技术等细胞3D培养体系中。⑤应用各类复合甲基丙烯酰明胶进行细胞的3D培养,可以更好地促进血管形成及骨再生,为临床骨缺损的治疗提供更多可能。⑥目前甲基丙烯酰明胶的来源、合成的方法以及安全性尚没有健全的标准,需要进一步加强研究,对甲基丙烯酰明胶在3D细胞培养领域的应用进行更深入的完善。

三维动静态培养软骨源性微组织的细胞行为及软骨形成能力

背景:与传统二维培养相比,三维培养软骨微组织具有更大的优势,但仍需进一步探索更有利的三维培养方式。目的:评价2种三维培养方式下微组织的细胞行为及促软骨形成能力。方法:通过化学脱细胞方法和组织粉碎方法制备软骨源性微载体,采用DNA定量和核染色验证脱细胞是否成功,通过组织学染色观察脱细胞前后基质保留情况,采用扫描电子显微镜和CCK-8方法对微载体进行表征;通过三维静态培养法和三维动态培养法将软骨源性微载体与人脂肪间充质干细胞结合构建软骨源性微组织,利用扫描电子显微镜、活死染色、RT-qPCR等手段检测两组微组织的细胞活力及成软骨能力。结果与结论:①成功制备软骨源性微载体,与脱细胞前相比,脱细胞后DNA含量显著降低(P<0.001);扫描电子显微镜观察微载体表面有胶原包绕,保持天然软骨细胞外基质特征;CCK-8法检测表明微载体无细胞毒性且能够促进细胞增殖;②扫描电子显微镜及活死染色结果显示,相比三维静态组,三维动态组微组织细胞具有更舒展的形态,细胞与细胞间、细胞与基质间、基质与基质间形成广泛的连接;③RT-qPCR结果表明两组微组织SOX9、蛋白聚糖、Ⅱ型胶原表达在培养7 d或14 d时均增高;14 d时三维动态组各基因相对表达量均显著高于三维静态组(P<0.05);21 d时三维静态组各基因表达均显著高于三维动态组(P<0.001);④结果表明,与三维静态培养微组织相比,三维动态培养微组织可在更短时间实现软骨相关基因的高表达,显示出更好的细胞活性和成软骨能力。

间充质干细胞与巨噬细胞的共培养技术

背景:间充质干细胞与巨噬细胞共培养环境中,间充质干细胞能够促进巨噬细胞向抗炎型巨噬细胞极化减轻炎症反应,巨噬细胞能够促进间充质干细胞成骨分化,两者共培养在调节免疫系统和促进组织再生中发挥重要的作用。目的:综述间充质干细胞与巨噬细胞共培养方法、影响因素及相互调控的可能机制,为间充质干细胞和巨噬细胞共培养在组织工程中的应用提供理论依据以及实验方法参考。方法:第一作者在2023年1-9月应用计算机在PubMed和中国知网数据库中检索1970年1月至2023年9月相关文献,以“mesenchymal stem cells,macrophages,co-culture”为英文检索词,以“间充质干细胞,巨噬细胞,共培养”为中文检索词,最终纳入63篇文献进行分析。结果与结论:①体外间充质干细胞与巨噬细胞共培养体系根据模型可分为直接接触和间接接触共培养,根据维度可分为二维和三维细胞共培养。②间充质干细胞与巨噬细胞共培养能够促进巨噬细胞向M2型极化,增强间充质干细胞的成骨作用。③在共培养模型中,共培养方法、共培养比例与时间、巨噬细胞的表型及细胞来源和条件的不同均影响巨噬细胞的免疫调节和间充质干细胞的成骨作用。④共培养中细胞相互作用可能通过细胞分泌的可溶性因子、细胞外囊泡、细胞-细胞接触和代谢途径调节巨噬细胞的免疫功能,对间充质干细胞的增殖、迁移和成骨等生物学功能产生一定影响。⑤间充质干细胞和巨噬细胞能改善急性心肌梗死后的心功能、促进上皮创面愈合、减轻肺部炎症、改善肾功能和促进骨修复。⑥间充质干细胞和巨噬细胞共培养仍存在一些问题:例如共培养的条件选择、共培养细胞良好细胞状态的保持和相互作用等。⑦间充质干细胞与巨噬细胞共培养改善局部炎症微环境,促进组织再生修复,在组织工程中具有广阔的应用前景。

二维和三维培养脐带间充质干细胞的差异基因表达研究

目的比较二维培养和三维培养的脐带间充质干细胞(UC-MSCs)的细胞形态和基因表达。方法分别采用以聚氟乙烯为支架的三维培养及传统二维培养方法进行稳定增殖期UC-MSCs细胞的培养,使用倒置显微镜、扫描电镜等观察比较二维培养与三维培养在细胞形态、细胞连接等方面的不同;然后应用基因表达谱芯片技术检测二维培养细胞与三维培养细胞的差异表达基因,用KEGG数据库及GO数据库进行生物信息学分析。结果成功分离并培养人UC-MSCs,流式检测高表达CD105、CD73和CD90等。三维培养的UC-MSCs附着在支架的表面生长并向外扩散,支架各层均可见细胞生长,细胞与细胞间连接紧密。基因表达谱芯片分析显示,三维培养的UC-MSCs与二维培养的UC-MSCs相比,升高的基因主要与生物学过程、分子功能及细胞组分相关,且参与了多个细胞信号通路的调控。结论与二维培养相比,三维细胞培养环境更适合脐带间充质干细胞的生长。

人诱导多能干细胞成骨分化的研究进展

骨骼疾病如骨质疏松、骨关节炎等已成为亟待解决的人类健康问题,细胞治疗及组织工程技术被认为是理想的治疗方法之一。人诱导多能干细胞(human induced pluripotent stem cells,hiPSCs)具备体外长期自我更新和分化所有三胚层来源体细胞的独特功能,已成为目前最有前景的成骨细胞来源。因此,需要构建成分明确的hiPSCs体外成骨向诱导分化体系,获得符合临床应用要求的成骨样细胞。许多团队在促进hiPSCs向成骨分化成熟的直接路径和经间充质干细胞的间接路径方面取得了实质性的进展,本文针对这两类成骨分化路径及其应用现状进行综述,以期为骨再生技术提供参考。现有研究借助拟胚体法和单层诱导法,基于生物材料,构建可支持hiPSCs体外培养和成骨向诱导分化体系。然而,目前的研究主要存在成分不明确,分化效率低等局限,基于特定化合物严格调控的分阶段式和三维定向诱导体系是未来的主要研究方向。