Optimization design and experiment of the variable differential gear train planting mechanism

In order to improve the adaptability of the planting mechanism for different plant spacings,a variable differential gear train planting mechanism based on precise pose and trajectory control was proposed by combining the open chain 2R rod group and the variable differential gear train.According to the pose requirements of receiving seedling point,transporting seedling point and planting point,three precise pose points of constrained planting trajectory were determined.Through the three-position motion generation structural synthesis method,combined with computer-aided optimization design software,a set of mechanism parameters that meet the planting requirements were optimized.Based on the optimized mechanism parameters,by only changing the coordinates of two trajectory shape control points,three planting trajectories with key point position information adapted to 300 mm,400 mm and 500 mm plant spacing were obtained by interpolation,and three pairs of total transmission ratio of three groups of variable differential gear trains were calculated.When distributing the total transmission ratio of the mechanism,the fixed axis gear train and the differential gear train are combined.The fixed axis gear train included a pair of non-circular gear pairs and a pair of positive gear pairs,which were convenient for disassembly and assembly.The former drives the sun gear at variable speed,and the latter drives the planet carrier at uniform speed.Based on this structure,the transmission ratio of the positive gear pair is-1,and the transmission ratio of the differential gear train is 0.5.The sub-transmission ratio of the single-stage non-circular gear pair was calculated and the pitch curves of three pairs of noncircular gears were solved.Three pairs of non-circular gear pairs with different transmission ratios were replaced in turn and three sets of planting mechanisms were modeled in three dimensions.The virtual prototype motion simulation was completed by ADAMS software,and the physical prototype was built for vegetable pot seedling planting test.The theoretical solution was consistent with the attitude and trajectory of the actual test.When the test sample size was 100 plants,the actual average plant spacing was measured to be 303 mm,402 mm,and 503 mm,with errors of 1.3%,1.25%,and 1.88%.The width of the moving hole was 72 mm,70 mm,and 71 mm,and the planting success rate were 94%,96%,and 95%.The test results verified the correctness of the optimization design results of the mechanism,indicating that the variable differential gear train planting mechanism can adapt to a variety of plant spacing and has good planting effect.

青菜高密度移栽机植苗机构的设计与试验

目前国内移栽机尚无成熟的适用于青菜等多行密植蔬菜移栽的植苗机构;针对小株距小行距、高效率的密植移栽要求,设计了一种非圆齿轮行星轮系八行同步植苗机构,并进行了运动学仿真和田间移栽试验。对非圆齿轮行星轮系进行了运动学建模与分析,开发了植苗机构辅助分析与优化设计软件;分析了不同机构参数对植苗轨迹姿态的影响,并通过人机交互的方式得到一组满足青菜小株距移栽要求的机构参数;建立了八行同步植苗机构的三维模型,利用虚拟样机仿真技术绘制出仿真轨迹,并与理论轨迹进行对比,以验证植苗机构三维设计的正确性;开展了田间移栽试验,以验证该机构的可行性和实用性。试验结果表明:在作业转速为15r/min、前进速度为55mm/s的情况下,八行植苗机构的作业株距和行距均为110mm,平均植苗成功率为93.9%,移栽密度超过70株/m2,试验移栽效率为240株/min,表明该机构在机械化密植移栽作业中有较高的应用价值。该研究为高密度移栽机植苗机构的研发提供了理论和试验依据,促进了密植型蔬菜钵苗机械化移栽的进程,为密植移栽机的进一步研究提供技术支持和参考。

大株距行星轮系蔬菜钵苗栽植机构优化设计与试验

设计了一种能适应大株距栽植的行星轮系蔬菜钵苗栽植机构,通过该机构栽植嘴能将蔬菜钵苗植入土中。构建了一种新型的非圆齿轮传动比函数,建立了机构的运动学模型,推导了栽植嘴尖点的(角)位移、(角)速度方程。基于Visual Basic开发了计算机辅助分析与优化软件,分析了非圆齿轮中心距a、角位移系数k1和k2、行星架初始安装角φ0、栽植嘴初始安装角α0、中间齿轮初始安装角γ0以及栽植嘴顶端到行星轮中心的距离S等重要参数对栽植轨迹的影响,通过人机交互方式优化出一组能够满足蔬菜钵苗栽植工作要求的机构参数(a=53 mm、k1=0.23、k2=0.03、φ0=-58°、α0=-144°、γ0=144°、S=175 mm)。根据优化所得参数建立栽植机构的三维模型并进行仿真分析,同时制作了栽植机构的样机进行田间植苗试验。试验了栽植嘴在不同时刻开启和闭合对西兰花钵苗栽植时直立度和成功率的影响,得出栽植嘴在其运动轨迹最低点上方10 mm处张开为最佳开启位置,钵苗直立度优良率达85%,栽植效率可达100株/(min·行),栽植株距达到450 mm,证明该机构适用于蔬菜钵苗的大株距栽植。

基于遗传算法的三臂轮系式栽植机构多位姿运动综合

为进一步提高蔬菜穴盘苗高速自动移栽机的栽植效率,提出了三臂轮系式栽植机构,并基于遗传算法对其进行了近似多位姿运动综合设计。首先,以理想栽植轨迹上关键位姿(位置与姿态)数据为约束,由杆长不变条件建立轮系式栽植机构简化模型(平面RR机构)近似多位姿运动综合优化模型,并利用Matlab遗传算法工具箱求解获得机构最优结构参数;然后,由平面RR机构两转动副的运动参数计算轮系机构总传动比并分配,从而实现轮系式栽植机构的设计。最后,对三臂轮系式栽植机构进行了结构设计、仿真分析和试验验证,结果表明:机构实际运动轨迹姿态与理论设计基本一致;栽植频率120株/(min·行)、理论株距为300 mm时,栽植成功率96.7%,实际株距均值298 mm,平均穴口宽度70 mm,满足高速移栽要求,验证了所提出方法的正确性和三臂轮系式栽植机构的实用性。

行星轮系滑道式钵苗栽植机构设计与参数优化

直立度是钵苗移栽作业质量的重要评价指标,目前存在栽植机构容易造成钵苗倾斜影响栽植直立度下降,导致钵苗成活率降低的问题,针对这一问题,该文结合钵苗种植的农艺要求,以番茄钵苗物理特性为依据,提出了栽植机构的设计要求,设计了一种行星轮系滑道式栽植机构。该机构通过行星轮系和滑道的配合,以打穴放苗的方式完成钵苗栽植,并对该机构的作业过程进行分析,建立了机构的运动学模型。基于Matlab编写了栽植机构辅助分析优化软件,对机构的栽植轨迹和结构参数进行优化,得到了一组满足钵苗栽植农艺要求的最优结构参数组合:太阳轮半径R0=20 mm、中间轮半径R1=15 mm、行星轮半径R2=10 mm、连杆BC的长度L1=100 mm、栽植臂上DC杆的长度L2=150 mm、栽植臂上CF杆的长度L3=80 mm、栽植器FG的长度L4=140 mm、滑道DE上E点到坐标原点O的距离L5=100 mm、行星架OB的初始安装角α0=45°、连杆BC与X轴方向上的夹角α1=148°、栽植臂上杆DC与杆CF的夹角β=176°、滑道DE与X轴方向上的夹角θ=108°。在此组合下,完成了对栽植机构的结构设计和虚拟装配,并导入ADAMS中进行机构的虚拟运动和仿真分析,验证了机构设计的合理性和准确性。依据优化所得参数生产了物理样机,并以钵苗直立度为主要检测指标进行了田间试验。试验结果表明:在机组前进速度450 mm/s,栽植频率74株/min时,钵苗移栽直立度较高,优良率为94%,满足栽植性能要求。研究结果可为蔬菜钵苗移栽机栽植机构的设计提供参考。