Effect of cold working and sandblasting on the microhardness, tensile strength and corrosion resistance of AISI 316L stainless steel

The aim of this work is to investigate the effect of cold working and sandblasting on the microhardness, tensile strength and corro-sion rate of AISI 316L stainless steel. The specimens were deformed from 17% to 47% and sandblasted for 20 min using SiC particles with a diameter of 500-700 μm and an air flow with 0.6-0.7 MPa pressure. The microhardness distribution and tensile test were conducted and a measurement on the corrosion current density was done to determine the corrosion rate of the specimens. The result shows that the cold working enhances the bulk microhardness, tensile and yield strength of the specimen by the degree of deformation applied in the treatment. The sandblasting treatment increases the microhardness only at the surface of the specimen without or with a low degree of deformation. In addition, the sandblasting enhances the surface roughness. The corrosion resistance is improved by cold working, especially for the highly deformed specimen. However the follow-up sandblasting treatment reduces the corrosion resistance. In conclusion, the cold working is prominent to be used for improving the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance of AISI 316L stainless steel. Meanwhile, the sandblasting subjected to the cold worked steel is only useful for surface texturing instead of improving the mechanical properties and corrosion resistance.

Influence of anchorage length and pretension on the working resistance of rock bolt based on its tensile characteristics

In coal mining roadway support design,the working resistance of the rock bolt is the key factor affecting its maximum support load.Effective improvement of the working resistance is of great significance to roadway support.Based on the rock bolt’s tensile characteristics and the mining roadway surrounding rock deformation,a mechanical model for calculating the working resistance of the rock bolt was established and solved.Taking the mining roadway of the 17102(3)working face at the Panji No.3 Coal Mine of China as a research site,with a quadrilateral section roadway,the influence of pretension and anchorage length on the working resistance of high-strength and ordinary rock bolts in the middle and corner of the roadway is studied.The results show that when the bolt is in the elastic stage,increasing the pretension and anchorage length can effectively improve the working resistance.When the bolt is in the yield and strain-strengthening stages,increasing the pretension and anchorage length cannot effectively improve the working resistance.The influence of pretension and anchorage length on the ordinary and high-strength bolts is similar.The ordinary bolt’s working resistance is approximately 25 kN less than that of the high-strength bolt.When pretension and anchorage length are considered separately,the best pretensions of the high-strength bolt in the middle of the roadway side and the roadway corner are 41.55 and 104.26 kN,respectively,and the best anchorage lengths are 1.54 and 2.12 m,respectively.The best anchorage length of the ordinary bolt is the same as that of the high-strength bolt,and the best pretension for the ordinary bolt in the middle of the roadway side and at the roadway corner is 33.51 and 85.12 kN,respectively.The research results can provide a theoretical basis for supporting the design of quadrilateral mining roadways.

Effect of Working Temperature on the Resistance Characteristic of a Pleated Stainless Steel Woven Filter

Effect of working temperature on the resistance characteristic including the permeability coefficient and the pressure drop evolution of a pleated stainless steel woven filter with a nominal pore size of 0.5 μm has been studied. The permeability coefficient was obtained based on the pressure drop data and the Darcy＇s law. In three filtration experiments, pure carbon dioxide at 283 K, nitrogen at 85 K and liquid helium at 18 K are adopted, respectively. It is found that the permeability coefficient decreases at the working temperature due to the cold shrink of the filter element at cryogenic temperature. Then, two kinds of feed slurries, mixture of liquid nitrogen and solid carbon dioxide at 85 K, and mixture of liquid helium and solid nitrogen at 18 K, flow into the filter cell. The solid particles are deposited on the filter surface to form a filter cake and the purified liquid flows through the filter. It is found that the pressure drop evolution shows the same trend on these two temperatures, which can be divided into three stages with high filtration efficiency, indicating the feasibility of the filter for cryogenic application. However, variant cake resistances are obtained, which is resulted from the different interactions between solid particles in the feed slurry at lower working temperature.

The action mechanism of the work done by the electric field force on moving charges to stimulate the emergence of carrier generation/recombination in a PN junction

It is discovered that the product of the current and the electric field in a PN junction should be regarded as the rate of work(power)done by the electric field force on moving charges(hole current and electron current),which was previously misinterpreted as solely a Joule heating effect.We clarify that it is exactly the work done by the electric field force on the moving charges to stimulate the emergence of non-equilibrium carriers,which triggers the novel physical phenomena.As regards to Joule heat,we point out that it should be calculated from Ohm’s law,rather than simply from the product of the current and the electric field.Based on this understanding,we conduct thorough discussion on the role of the electric field force in the process of carrier recombination and carrier generation.The thermal effects of carrier recombination and carrier generation followed are incorporated into the thermal equation of energy.The present study shows that the exothermic effect of carrier recombination leads to a temperature rise at the PN interface,while the endothermic effect of carrier generation causes a temperature reduction at the interface.These two opposite effects cause opposite heat flow directions in the PN junction under forward and backward bias voltages,highlighting the significance of managing device heating phenomena in design considerations.Therefore,this study possesses referential significance for the design and tuning on the performance of piezotronic devices.

Mechanical behavior of electric resistance welded pipes in pipe-making process

The changes in the mechanical behavior of electric resistance welded（ERW） pipes before and after the cage roll forming process were investigated through tensile experiments. It is found that the Bauschinger effect does not exist in the pipe product, while the work hardening effect introduced by pipe-making is the direct cause of the mechanical changes. The prestrain introduced during different pipe-making processes are accumulative to the work hardening effect. And the increment of the yield strength for making Ф 244.48 × 8.94 pipe is approximately 45 MPa, higher than that of hot-rolled plates. It is verified that the strain ε=t/D-t is an efficient index representing the work hardening effect from the engineering viewpoint.

Study of Resistance to Stress and Burnout among Public Health Professionals: The Case of Nurses and Physicians at Ibn Sina Hospital in Rabat Morocco

Occupational stress presents a major public health problem. It is the subject of many works in Morocco and in the world. Our work focuses on the study of stress resistance among nurses and physicians working in services at Ibn Sina Hospital in Rabat, Morocco. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between resistance status, burnout and level of psychological distress. A self-questionnaire is provided to all respondents. It includes questions about socio-demographic and professional, clinical, also neuropsychological tests such as the stress resistance test (CTRS), the burnout scale (MBI) and the general health questionnaire (GHQ12). This study shows that 42% of nurses and physicians have a high level of emotional exhaustion, high level of depersonalization affects 49% of nurses and physicians and subjects with low professional achievement account for 67% and 54% of nurses and physicians suffer from psychological distress. The stress test reveals that 88% of subjects have a low or moderate level of stress resistance and only 12% have good resistance. Thus, our study sheds new light on the understanding of stress at work by using new measurement and evaluation methods such as TRS, with the aim of reducing or eliminating the impact of occupational stress in hospitals.

Erosion Resistance Behaviours of H13 Steel to Molten ADC12 Alloy

H13 hot work steel samples and surface water vapor oxidized H13 samples were immersed into molten ADC 12 alloy under static resting or dynamic rotating conditions. Weigh-losing method was used to discover the influences of temperature, time and surface conditions on the erosion resistance of H13 steel. The interfaces between the steel and the molten alloy were studied with optical microscopy to compare the different erosion resistance behaviours. The results show that the composite layer outside of the compounds layers changes obviously with increasing temperature, lasting time or sample movement. The better erosion resistance of H13 steel can be endowed with the oxide films, which would gradually decrease along with the dissolve of the films.

Chromizing treatment of the surface-nanocrystallized AISI H13 steel and the improved wear resistance

A hot-working AISI H13 tool steel was subjected to a combined process consisting of surface nanocrystallization(SNC)and chromizing treatment successively.The composition,microstructure,hardness and wear resistance of the chromized layer were characterized by using the scanning and transmission electron microscopy,a nano-indenter and a tribo-meter.It was shown that a continuous chromized layer of approximately 30 μm in thickness was formed on the SNC specimen after a dual chromizing treatment at both 600℃ and 1050℃ consecutively,as thick as about 3 times of that on the coarse-grained specimen after the same chromizing treatment.In addition,the wear resistance of the SNC-chromized specimen was enhanced significantly,due to a smaller grain size and a higher hardness,as well as smoother gradient variations of the microstructure,composition and hardness across a greater depth in the formed chromized surface layer.

改性硫铝酸盐水泥砂浆力学性能及耐久性能研究

过快的流动度损失和后期不稳定的强度发展限制了硫铝酸盐水泥工程中的进一步应用。因此以葡萄糖酸钠作为缓凝剂,掺入硅灰制备成改性硫铝酸盐水泥砂浆,并对其工作性能、力学性能和抗氯离子渗透性能开展了系统研究。研究结果表明:葡萄糖酸钠掺量0.4%可有效延长硫铝酸盐水泥砂浆凝结时间,提高砂浆流动性和抗氯离子渗透性能;硫铝酸盐砂浆工作性能、力学性能和抗氯离子渗透性能均随硅灰掺量的增加先提高后降低,硅灰最优掺量为20%。

大埋深“三软”厚煤层智能综放开采技术研究

针对大埋深“三软”条件下厚煤层综放开采的过程中液压支架钻底以及巷道底鼓的问题,以淮北信湖煤矿818智能综放工作面为研究背景,对液压支架的适用性进行了分析,并介绍了818智能综放采煤工作面的液压支架自动化系统。通过理论计算得出液压支架的最大工作阻力为9940 kN,分析现场实测数据可知中部液压支架的工作阻力最高,其次是下部,上部最小。工作面支架前排立柱受力大于后排立柱,工作面来压时,液压支架前立柱工作阻力平均比后立柱工作阻力大44.5%,前排立柱工作阻力占整架工作阻力的比例大致在0.57~0.74之间,工作面液压支架平均工作阻力为28.11 MPa,因此动载荷计算法更适合818工作面支架工作阻力计算;分析了液压支架钻底的原因,并提出液压支架的管控措施;通过数值模拟得到工作面超前支承压力的影响范围为煤壁前方110 m,工作面中部峰值应力最大,其次是下部,最后是上部,峰值应力出现在煤壁前方12~19 m;由现场实测数据可知煤壁向外105 m范围内,巷道底鼓及两帮变形量相对较大,巷道顶板下沉及底鼓比较明显,在此基础上提出预防巷道底鼓的相关措施,以期为淮北矿区以及类似条件下开采的工作面提供借鉴与参考。

液压支架结构的可靠性设计研究

针对国内液压支架在结构件可靠性方面与国外产品的差距,依托2套出口支架产品,阐述了应用于中厚煤层高工作阻力液压支架的顶梁底座柱窝、掩护梁、连杆的抗弯、抗扭性结构设计,对这些结构的技术特征、创新性、应用范围进行了分析研究。2套出口支架顺利通过了按美国CONSOL标准进行的60 000次型式试验,试验结果表明,所述结构切实提高了支架的抗弯、抗扭性能,提高了液压支架的可靠性。

大盾构工作井侧墙自密实高抗裂混凝土配制及关键技术研究

针对工作井侧墙混凝土浇筑施工工况复杂的特点,从混凝土工作性能、力学性能、变形性能及现场施工方法等方面开展高抗裂自密实混凝土的配制与应用关键技术研究。结果表明,研制的高抗裂自密实混凝土具有优异的流动性能与体积稳定性能,可满足大直径盾构工作井侧墙复杂工况下的浇筑施工,通过控制混凝土下料高度、入模温度及模板侧压力等系列工艺,有效解决了大直径盾构工作井侧墙易渗漏的难题,具有显著的经济及社会效益。

全面抗战时期党在灾荒防治工作中的社会动员——以两大红色报刊相关报道为中心的考察

社会动员是党在全面抗战时期开展灾荒防治工作时所使用的重要方法,在生产备荒和灾后救济等环节发挥了巨大的作用。党和政府创造性地运用了组织动员、示范动员、竞争动员和资源动员等动员方式,发动根据地的男女老幼参与开荒耕种、灭蝗、兴修水利、抢种抢收和手工业副业生产等一系列灾荒防治工作。党和政府的社会动员工作不仅保障了根据地的生产、预防了灾荒发生、减轻了灾荒的破坏,同时也在社会上起到了移风易俗的作用,在精神和物质的双重意义上促进了革命事业的发展,为抗日战争的胜利做出了贡献。

UHPC-NC接头管廊工作井抗剪性能影响参数分析

为解决混凝土预制管廊工作井接头(NC接头)在大荷载作用下易发生剪切破坏的问题,提出了一种UHPC-NC接头形式,即把超高性能混凝土(UHPC)材料局部应用于管廊工作井接头部位。采用ABAQUS有限元软件建立三种UHPC-NC接头管廊工作井模型,系统分析了接头高度、螺栓预紧力和UHPC强度等参数对UHPC-NC接头抗剪性能的影响。结果表明,接头高度、螺栓预紧力、UHPC强度和螺栓数量的增大增多均会提升三种UHPC-NC接头管廊工作井抗剪承载力和刚度,而接头长度增加会降低这三种UHPC-NC接头管廊工作井的刚度。

大采高综采工作面矿压显现及顶板活动特征研究

为了得到唐山某煤矿综采工作面的矿压显现及顶板活动特征,基于关键层理论、“悬臂梁-砌体梁”力学模型,通过现场观测、理论分析、数值模拟的方法对9煤层矿压显现特征、顶板结构、支架工作阻力开展了深入研究,建立了覆岩结构力学模型,得到了工作面支架工作阻力的合理计算式。研究结果表明:工作面来压步距和来压大小均有一定的规律性,呈现一大一小的周期来压现象,来压期间中部测区支架荷载最大,两边偏小;通过直接顶关键层判别方法,确定了第2层岩层和第7层岩层分别为亚关键层1和亚关键层2。亚关键层1破断后以“悬臂梁”结构形态垮落进入采空区,亚关键层2破断后形成了稳定的“砌体梁”结构,此时亚关键层1与亚关键层2共同组成了“悬臂梁-砌体梁”结构;第2层岩层和第7层岩层组成的双关键层结构的破断运移规律导致了工作面呈现一大一小的周期来压现象。当双关键层同步破断时,支架工作阻力为13 688 kN。

全民族抗战胜利的法宝:统一战线——基于新四军统战工作的历史考察

作为华中抗战重要组成部分的苏北抗日根据地抗日民族统一战线工作,是在中共中央华中局及新四军新军部的全面领导下开展的,在华中工作的新四军领导人刘少奇、陈毅等高度关注并率先垂范,通过全方位与国民党地方实力派和广大爱国开明士绅包括社会各界知识分子展开多层次接触,积极聚拢各方爱国人士,团结一切可以团结的力量投身于全民族抗战之中,对根据地的巩固发展和抗战最终胜利起到了重要的推动作用。新四军统战工作的经验在全国范围内都具有启迪与示范意义,至今仍值得新时代共产党人学习和发扬。

大采高大中心距液压支架选型设计

根据陕西小保当矿业有限公司一号井132202工作面煤层地质条件,完成了大采高大中心距中部液压支架与过渡液压支架主要技术参数及结构设计,实现了高产高效,为陕西小保当矿业有限公司大采高超长工作面开采技术的发展提供了宝贵经验。

吞噬反抗与权利克减:平台不稳定劳动者的双重困境

平台众包工作并非完全是经济发展的必然结果,在相当程度上是资本的有意为之。平台算法权力下的“不稳定劳动者”遭遇了不同困境:线下零工劳动者面临着集体性对抗策略、对抗行动被消解的境况,隐藏在人工智能和自动化背后的幽灵工作者则面临着权利、待遇与保障被削减的困境。平台劳动者利用地缘、业缘等结成各类非正式团体,利用各类规则的罅隙在制度上“打洞”,但结果是:劳动者的抗争被平台悄然化解的同时,也被隐秘地转化为平台大脑升级的助推力量。以幽灵工作为代表的新型平台工作,消解了传统劳动关系,规避了法律上的义务,平台从雇主转变为匹配劳、资双方的服务方;同时,人机合作环路中的去人性化深化了劳动者的自我控制。通过对两类数字平台劳动运行机制的分析,可知平台工作者陷入了自我耗竭的僵化循环,平台不稳定劳动者的自我雇佣加剧了资本对劳动者的规训,成为数字平台时代劳动异化的新范式。

石粉含量对C60机制砂混凝土拌合物性能的影响

本文通过改变不同来源的石粉掺量,来研究混凝土中总石粉含量对混凝土工作性能、力学性能、早期抗裂性能的影响。研究结果表明:适量的石粉含量有助于提升混凝土的性能,当其含量超过一定限值后,会降低混凝土坍落度,增加混凝土的早期开裂风险,降低混凝土的抗压强度;在机制砂混凝土中,石粉含量建议控制在混凝土质量的7%以内;掺合料石粉含量限值随着机制砂石粉含量的增加而降低,在机制砂石粉含量为6%、9%、12%、16%时,掺合料石粉掺量建议分别控制在25%、20%、15%、10%以内,混凝土性能较优。

厚硬顶板地面水力压裂冲击地压防治技术研究

为了解决孟村煤矿冲击地压难治理的问题,开展孟村煤矿401盘区地面水平井分段水力压裂防冲实践,并基于“动静载荷叠加诱发机理”分析了401102工作面冲击地压发生机理,综合考虑关键层判别、覆岩结构、关键层物理力学性质、赋存特点及能量释放规律等因素,确定401102工作面厚硬顶板地面压裂的目标层位,确定了2口水平井的布置位置,并对水平井井身结构参数、压裂方案、压裂参数设计等技术参数进行研究,通过对比421102工作面在压裂区域及非压裂区域的支架监测数据对地面压裂技术的防冲卸压效果进行检验,结果表明:工作面进入地面压裂区域支架压力低、来压规律不明显,支架工作阻力平稳,顶板未产生强烈动载,说明地面压裂对目标岩层起到了较好的卸压效果,保障了421102工作面的安全高效回采。