Effects of Building Configuration on Seismic Performance of RC Buildings by Pushover Analysis

In the recent earthquakes, concrete structures have been severely damaged or collapsed, which has raised questions against the seismic adequacy of existing buildings. These existing reinforced concrete buildings need to be evaluated to determine the capacity to resist seismic loads. The behavior of a building during earthquakes depends critically on its overall shape, size and geometry. Conventional approach to earthquake resistant design of buildings depends upon providing the building with strength, stiffness and inelastic deformation capacity which are great enough to withstand a given level of earthquake-generated force. This is generally accomplished through the selection of an appropriate building configuration and the careful detailing of structural members. In this research, nonlinear pushover analysis has been used to evaluate the seismic performance of three buildings with three different plans having same area and height. This method determines the base shear capacity of the building and performance level of each part of building under varying intensity of seismic force. The results of effects of different plan on seismic response of buildings have been presented in terms of displacement, base shear and plastic hinge pattern.

Application of Three-dimensional Laser Scanning Technology in the Teaching Practice of Surveying and Mapping of Ancient Buildings

Based on the study of the application of three-dimensional laser scanning technology in ancient building surveying and mapping,this paper briefly describes the working principle and flow of three-dimensional laser scanning technology.Based on the practical application,this paper puts forward the discussion of related problems and matters needing attention.This has a certain reference significance for the study of new technology in surveying and mapping of ancient buildings.

Intelligent Risk-Identification Algorithm with Vision and 3D LiDAR Patterns at Damaged Buildings

Existingfirefighting robots are focused on simple storage orfire sup-pression outside buildings rather than detection or recognition.Utilizing a large number of robots using expensive equipment is challenging.This study aims to increase the efficiency of search and rescue operations and the safety offirefigh-ters by detecting and identifying the disaster site by recognizing collapsed areas,obstacles,and rescuers on-site.A fusion algorithm combining a camera and three-dimension light detection and ranging(3D LiDAR)is proposed to detect and loca-lize the interiors of disaster sites.The algorithm detects obstacles by analyzingfloor segmentation and edge patterns using a mask regional convolutional neural network(mask R-CNN)features model based on the visual data collected from a parallelly connected camera and 3D LiDAR.People as objects are detected using you only look once version 4(YOLOv4)in the image data to localize persons requiring rescue.The point cloud data based on 3D LiDAR cluster the objects using the density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise(DBSCAN)clustering algorithm and estimate the distance to the actual object using the center point of the clustering result.The proposed artificial intelligence(AI)algorithm was verified based on individual sensors using a sensor-mounted robot in an actual building to detectfloor surfaces,atypical obstacles,and persons requiring rescue.Accordingly,the fused AI algorithm was comparatively verified.

Three-dimensional dynamics of supported pipes conveying fluid

This paper deals with the three-dimensional dynamics and postbuckling behavior of flexible supported pipes conveying fluid, considering flow velocities lower and higher than the critical value at which the buckling instability occurs. In the case of low flow velocity, the pipe is stable with a straight equilibrium position and the dynamics of the system can be examined using linear theory. When the flow velocity is beyond the critical value, any motions of the pipe could be around the postbuckling configuration(non-zero equilibrium position) rather than the straight equilibrium position, so nonlinear theory is required. The nonlinear equations of perturbed motions around the postbuckling configuration are derived and solved with the aid of Galerkin discretization. It is found, for a given flow velocity,that the first-mode frequency for in-plane motions is quite different from that for out-of-plane motions. However, the second-or third-mode frequencies for in-plane motions are approximately equal to their counterparts for out-of-plane motions, keeping almost constant values with increasing flow velocity. Moreover, the orientation angle of the postbuckling configuration plane for a buckled pipe can be significantly affected by initial conditions, displaying new features which have not been observed in the same pipe system factitiously supposed to deform in a single plane.

Pre-reinforcement grout in fractured rock masses and numerical simulation for optimizing shrinkage stoping configuration

Proper room and pillar sizes are both critical factors for safe mining and high ore recovery rate in shrinkage stoping mining of underground metal mines. The rock masses of Tangdan copper mine of China are fractured, which needs much reinforcement and support prior to mining. Cement-sodium silicate grout technology was selected, then its related parameters such as grout pressure, diffusion radius and time were calculated and proposed. In order to test the effect of the pressured grout in the fractured No.4 ore block, field experiments were conducted. To optimize stoping configuration, three-dimensional numerical simulation with ANSYS and FLAC 3 D softwares was proposed. The results show that the drilling porosity and mechanical properties of the rock masses are increased obviously. After grout, ore recovery rate is increased by 10.2 % employing the newly designed stoping configuration compared with the previous. Last, analyzed from the surface movements, roof subsidence and the maximum principal stress of the pillars, the mining safety is probable of being ensured.

New Three-Dimensional Assessment Model and Optimization of Acoustic Positioning System

This paper addresses the problem of assessing and optimizing the acoustic positioning system for underwater target localization with range measurement.We present a new three-dimensional assessment model to evaluate the optimal geometric beacon formation whether meets user requirements.For mathematical tractability,it is assumed that the measurements of the range between the target and beacons are corrupted with white Gaussian noise with variance,which is distance-dependent.Then,the relationship between DOP parameters and positioning accuracy can be derived by adopting dilution of precision(DOP)parameters in the assessment model.In addition,the optimal geometric beacon formation yielding the best performance can be achieved via minimizing the values of geometric dilution of precision(GDOP)in the case where the target position is known and fixed.Next,in order to ensure that the estimated positioning accuracy on the region of interest satisfies the precision required by the user,geometric positioning accuracy(GPA),horizontal positioning accuracy(HPA)and vertical positioning accuracy(VPA)are utilized to assess the optimal geometric beacon formation.Simulation examples are designed to illustrate the exactness of the conclusion.Unlike other work that only uses GDOP to optimize the formation and cannot assess the performance of the specified size,this new three-dimensional assessment model can evaluate the optimal geometric beacon formation for each dimension of any point in three-dimensional space,which can provide guidance to optimize the performance of each specified dimension.

The Role of Architectural Considerations in Seismic Performance of Buildings： A Case Study in Iran

Experience from recent earthquakes such as Gilan, Zanjan, Bam and Lorestan earthquakes in Iran indicated that the constructed buildings are vulnerable against earthquake. Vulnerability of these structures is due to various reasons such as designing without considering seismic regulations, problems of regulations （design goals）, implementation problems, changing of the building occupancy class, increasing the weight of building stories, adding new stories to the building and changing in architecture of building without considering structural system. So the main objective of this research is to examine the features of building configuration and their effects as for the damages to buildings in past earthquakes. For this purpose, initially four occurred earthquakes in Iran are selected as case study. Then three types of buildings （steel structure, concrete structure and masonry buildings） are analyzed with details. Results showed that the most of damages are occurred in the old steel structures and masonry buildings which their ages are more than 25 years. The study showed that most of the buildings in the study area are steel structure and masonry buildings while concrete structures are infrequent which most of them had no or slight damages. Therefore, the importance and need to enhance the performance of available buildings against earthquake forces by rehabilitating methods would be more important than before. Also results indicated that the decisions related to architectural plan which have significant effect on seismic performance of buildings, can be divided into three categories： configuration of building, restrictive formal architectural plan and dangerous structural components, as these categories are not obstacle of each other, it is possible that each category has an influential effect on others. So organizing the design decisions in this way is very important so as to manage their effects and interdependencies.

The Effects of Building Form on Microclimate and Outdoor Thermal Comfort in a Tropical City

The urban microclimate has direct implications with regards to thermal comfort indoors as well as outdoors. In the tropics, the outdoor thermal comfort conditions during daytime are often far above acceptable comfort standards due to intense solar radiation and high solar elevations. This study aims to know effects of simple and fundamental building forms on microclimate and outdoor thermal comfort in a high dense tropical city, focusing on Dhaka, Bangladesh as a study city. Investigations are carried out on existing area and model areas with modified building forms （in respect of height and shape） on the microclimate as well as on outdoor thermal comfort during daytime in summer. This study has demonstrated that the model using less ground coverage and higher buildings can offer a better thermal climate than the models using maximum ground coverage in a high-density tropical city.

Modeling and configuration optimization of the rooftop photovoltaic with electric-hydrogen-thermal hybrid storage system for zero-energy buildings:Consider a cumulative seasonal effect

Rooftop photovoltaic(PV)systems are represented as projected technology to achieve net-zero energy building(NEZB).In this research,a novel energy structure based on rooftop PV with electric-hydrogen-thermal hybrid energy storage is analyzed and optimized to provide electricity and heating load of residential buildings.First,the mathematical model,constraints,objective function,and evaluation indicators are given.Then,the simulation is conducted under the stand-alone condition.The annual return on investment and the levelized cost of energy of the system are 36.37%and 0.1016$/kWh,respectively.Residential building with the proposed system decreases annual carbon emission by 25.5 t.In the third part,simulation analysis under different grid-connected modes shows that building system will obtain better economics when connected to the grid,but the low-carbon performance will be reduced.Finally,the cumulative seasonal impact of the countywide rooftop PV buildings is discussed.The result indicates that the energy structure proposed in this paper can effectively reduce the grid-connected impact on the local grid.This model and optimization method developed in this paper is applicable to different climate zones and can provide management support to the investors of NZEB before the field test.

Set up the Mechanical Curriculum System Based on Three-Dimensional Design

The changes of design methods and manufacturing techniques have brought new requirements for engineers in enterprises, and therefore brought a challenge to the traditional teaching system of mechanical major courses. A new teaching system based on three-dimensional design to cultivate modern engineers with solid specialty bases and high creativity in a wide range of fields is presented.

组态视角下医院建筑能效提升路径研究

基于北京市22家公立医院能效提升调研,运用模糊集定性比较分析法(fsQCA)对医院建筑能效提升影响因素进行组态分析。研究表明:按照医院建筑能效提升所处的阶段,存在“引导型”“激励型”“自发型”组态驱动路径分别对应于培育期、成长期、成熟期,医院在制定个性化能效提升路径时应首先确定合理定位;“规划管理类政策”对各个阶段的医院建筑能效提升都有影响,应将规划管理类政策完善作为提升能效的实施重点。最后,提出健全管理政策规制、强化行为意识引导、完善经济激励机制、促进市场有效等能效提升对策。

建筑智能化方案精准设计方法探索

以智能建筑的顶层设计为基础,在比较不同智能化系统优劣的基础上,提出基于约束条件的智能化设计方案的整体比较方法,为业主智能化设计的投资优化方案提供指导。同时,构建MATLAB模型以简化计算过程,实现设计方案的便捷比较和直观展示,助力精准控制方法在实际应用中的优化。

医养结合养老机构空间设计策略研究

中国人口老龄化趋势异常严峻,到2035年将进入重度老龄化社会,意味着3~4人中有一名老年人。这将导致我国失能、半失能群体急剧上升,对于养老设施中医疗的需求越来越大,医养结合模式由此应运而生。文章通过大量调研,发现养老机构中医疗服务占比比例不同,总结出四种不同类型的养老机构,同时详细阐述了四种养老机构的异同。最后,结合养老机构中“医”与“养”两大功能板块的不同特点,提出在医养结合模式下养老设施空间功能配置的优化策略。

装配式建筑发展影响因素组态路径研究——基于我国19个省(市)的fsQCA分析

基于我国19个省(市)面板数据,运用fsQCA方法探讨了影响装配式建筑发展的组态路径。研究结果表明,单一因素并不构成影响装配式建筑发展的必要条件,而是各条件变量多重并发形成了影响装配式建筑发展的多种组态;产生高装配式建筑发展水平的路径分别是经济-产业链-技术驱动型、政府主导的经济与市场驱动型、政府驱动型、技术主导的环境驱动型和政府主导的技术与产业驱动型;产生非高装配式建筑发展水平的路径与产生高装配式建筑发展水平的路径为非对称性。从组态角度为装配式建筑发展提供参考依据。

浅谈建筑消防设施配置要求及消防监督检查措施

以建筑消防为研究对象,对建筑消防设施的重要性进行分析,采用理论分析+实例展示的方式,对建筑消防设施的配置要求进行探究,并从监督管理意识、专项监督治理工作、完善监督检查制度等方面入手,提出要提高建筑消防监督检查效能,有效预防火灾事故发生,解决火灾救援滞后问题,保障城市建筑安全、稳定运转。

光伏办公建筑的关键设备容量配置方法

“双碳”目标下,建筑光储直柔(PEDF)系统迅速发展。城镇办公建筑具有光伏出力一般低于建筑用电负荷的特点,针对提高系统负荷供给率和用电曲线平滑性2种优化目标,研究了建筑PEDF系统中各类主要器件的设备容量配置方法,并对内部不同资源的协调配置与调控进行了分析,充分发挥储能和电动汽车的柔性能力,提高系统整体性能,为后续办公建筑PEDF系统发展提供借鉴和参考。结果表明,建筑PEDF系统配置部分储能可大大提高系统负荷供给率和用电平滑性,降低AC/DC容量配置,电动汽车充电桩在增加系统柔性调节能力的同时,可能带来新的用电尖峰负荷。配置约0.2倍日均负荷的储能容量即可实现90%以上的光伏消纳,用电曲线平稳性有效提高,同时可降低29.1%的AC/DC容量。

农村住宅建筑光储直柔系统性能研究

“光储直柔”(PEDF)建筑新型配电系统是助力实现“双碳”目标的重要途径,在中国大力推进整县屋顶分布式光伏试点的背景下,农村整村的光伏利用模式和系统容量配置问题需要进一步探索。基于屋顶光伏的利用模式,提出了“自用优先光伏”和“公共光伏”2种适用于农村住宅建筑的PEDF系统拓扑结构。从系统技术性和经济性角度出发,对比分析了不同拓扑结构在不同光伏和储能容量配置下的系统性能。以北京市某农村由18个农户家庭组成的配电台区为研究对象进行仿真计算,结果表明:光伏装机容量高时,适宜发展公共光伏系统形式,负荷满足率可提高0.3~1.9个百分点,年净收益可提高1.7万元;光伏装机容量低时,适宜发展自用优先光伏系统形式,负荷满足率和光伏消纳率可分别提高1.0~3.0个百分点和0.6~2.7个百分点。实际工程中,可结合投资运行主体进行系统优化选择,并充分利用建筑末端柔性资源的调蓄能力,提升系统稳定性和经济性,助力构建以新能源为主体的未来电力系统。

基于园林植物配置策略的绿色建筑环境性能提升研究

研究聚焦于园林植物配置策略在绿色建筑环境性能提升中的应用。园林植物配置策略通过科学选择植物种类、合理布局以及有效的养护管理,对建筑环境的自然美感、节能、空气净化和微气候调节具有显著影响。依据《绿色建筑评价标准》(GB/T 50378-2019),提出优化策略,包括确保足够的绿地面积、选择生态效益高的植物、构建多层次植物群落、注重绿地的可持续性及优化绿容率等,旨在通过精细化的植物配置,尽量提升绿色建筑环境性能,为绿色建筑的设计与实施提供科学指导。

多中庭形态对寒区商场碳排放的影响机理

为揭示当代寒区大型商场多中庭形态对碳排放的影响机理,以哈尔滨某集中式中庭的商场为例,采用BP神经网络预测结合敏感性分析和相关性分析的方法,探究中庭数量(n)、主次中庭面积比(r)、主次中庭距离(d_(0))、天窗面积占比(S_(0))、中庭面积占比(S_(1))五个要素对碳排放的影响机制。研究结果表明,S_(0)、S_(1)、r、d_(0)、n对碳排放的影响程度依次递减,其中S_(0)、S_(1)、r、d_(0)为关键影响要素,且均与总碳排放呈正向关系,适当减小中庭面积占比和天窗面积占比、增加中庭聚集度和面积均匀度有利于建筑减碳。

租赁住房建筑设计中空间组合与户型配置研究

为了提高租赁住房空间的应用价值,对其进行合理的规划设计是极为必要的,为此提出租赁住房建筑设计中空间组合与户型配置研究。以双朝向和单朝向两种户型为基础,分析了现阶段租赁住宅建筑空间组合与户型配置的现状。结合租赁住宅建筑应用阶段的实际需求,分别设置了以灵活性、舒适性与和谐性、经济性和节约化为核心的空间组合原则,并分别针对客厅空间、卧室空间以及餐厅空间,展开了针对性的规划设计研究。