Three-dimensional stability calculation method for high and large composite slopes formed by mining stope and inner dump in adjacent open pits

The 2D limit equilibrium method is widely used for slope stability analysis.However,with the advancement of dump engineering,composite slopes often exhibit significant 3D mechanical effects.Consequently,it is of significant importance to develop an effective 3D stability calculation method for composite slopes to enhance the design and stability control of open-pit slope engineering.Using the composite slope formed by the mining stope and inner dump in Baiyinhua No.1 and No.2 open-pit coal mine as a case study,this research investigates the failure mode of composite slopes and establishes spatial shape equations for the sliding mass.By integrating the shear resistance and sliding force of each row of microstrip columns onto the bottom surface of the strip corresponding to the main sliding surface,a novel 2D equivalent physical and mechanical parameters analysis method for the strips on the main sliding surface of 3D sliding masses is proposed.Subsequently,a comprehensive 3D stability calculation method for composite slopes is developed,and the quantitative relationship between the coordinated development distance and its 3D stability coefficients is examined.The analysis reveals that the failure mode of the composite slope is characterized by cutting-bedding sliding,with the arc serving as the side interface and the weak layer as the bottom interface,while the destabilization mechanism primarily involves shear failure.The spatial form equation of the sliding mass comprises an ellipsoid and weak plane equation.The analysis revealed that when the coordinated development distance is 1500 m,the error rate between the 3D stability calculation result and the 2D stability calculation result of the composite slope is less than 8%,thereby verifying the proposed analytical method of equivalent physical and mechanical parameters and the 3D stability calculation method for composite slopes.Furthermore,the3D stability coefficient of the composite slope exhibits an exponential correlation with the coordinated development distance,with the coefficient gradually decreasing as the coordinated development distance increases.These findings provide a theoretical guideline for designing similar slope shape parameters and conducting stability analysis.

Three-dimensional coordinates test method with uncertain projectile proximity explosion position based on dynamic seven photoelectric detection screen

To objectively obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the projectile fuze proximity explosion when projectile intersects the head of missile target, we propose a dynamic seven photoelectric detection screen test method, which is made up of six plane detection screens and a flash photoelectric dynamic detection screen. The three-dimensional coordinates calculation model of the projectile proximity explosion position based on seven plane detection screens with dynamic characteristics is established.According to the relation of the dynamic seven photoelectric detection screen planes and the time values,the analytical function of the projectile proximity explosion position parameters under non-linear motion is derived. The projectile signal filtering method based on discrete wavelet transform is explored in this work. Additionally, the projectile signal recognition algorithm using an improved particle swarm is proposed. Based on the characteristics of the time duration and the signal peak error for the projectile passing through the detection screen, the signals attribution of the same projectile passing through six detection screens are analyzed for obtaining precise time values of the same projectile passing through the detection screens. On the basis of the projectile fuze proximity explosion test, the linear motion model and the proposed non-linear motion model are used to calculate and compare the same group of projectiles proximity explosion position parameters. The comparison of test results verifies that the proposed test method and calculation model in this work accurately obtain the actual projectile proximity explosion position parameters.

Three-Dimensional Analytical Modeling of Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Drivers

In this paper, the axial-flux permanent magnet driver is modeledand analyzed in a simple and novel way under three-dimensional cylindricalcoordinates. The inherent three-dimensional characteristics of the deviceare comprehensively considered, and the governing equations are solved bysimplifying the boundary conditions. The axial magnetization of the sectorshapedpermanent magnets is accurately described in an algebraic form bythe parameters, which makes the physical meaning more explicit than thepurely mathematical expression in general series forms. The parameters of theBessel function are determined simply and the magnetic field distribution ofpermanent magnets and the air-gap is solved. Furthermore, the field solutionsare completely analytical, which provides convenience and satisfactoryaccuracy for modeling a series of electromagnetic performance parameters,such as the axial electromagnetic force density, axial electromagnetic force,and electromagnetic torque. The correctness and accuracy of the analyticalmodels are fully verified by three-dimensional finite element simulations and a15 kW prototype and the results of calculations, simulations, and experimentsunder three methods are highly consistent. The influence of several designparameters on magnetic field distribution and performance is studied and discussed.The results indicate that the modeling method proposed in this papercan calculate the magnetic field distribution and performance accurately andrapidly, which affords an important reference for the design and optimizationof axial-flux permanent magnet drivers.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Three-dimensional Mn(Ⅱ) Coordination Polymer with 3-(Pyrazin-2-yloxy)-pyridine and Azide Anion as Mixed Bridge Ligand

A three-dimensional coordination polymer [Mn2（μ1.3-N3）4（μ-PP）2]n （PP = 3-（pyrazin-2-yloxy）-pyridine） has been synthesized with 3-（pyrazin-2-yloxy）-pyridine and azide anion as mixed bridge ligand, and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray crystallography. The crystal data： triclinic system, space group P1, with a = 6.794（4）, b = 9.885（6）, c = 9.947（6） A, α = 64.170（6）, β= 84.190（8）, γ= 85.319（8）°, V = 597.7（6）A^3, Z = 1, C18H14Mn2N18O2, Mr = 624.35, Dc = 1.735 g/cm^3, F（000） = 314 and μ = 1.117 mm^-1. In the crystal, the azide anion acts as a bridge ligand and makes adjacent Mn（Ⅱ） ions connect into a two-dimensional sheet on the ab plane, then 3-（pyrazin-2-yloxy）-pyridine serves as a bidentate bridge ligand to connect neighboring sheets along

Three-dimensional tidal current numerical model of the Oujiang Estuary

The characteristics of three-dimensional （3-D） tidal current in the Oujiang Estuary are investigated according to in situ observations. The Oujiang Estuary has features of irregular coastline, complex topography, many islands, moveable boundary, and submerged dyke, therefore, σ 3-D numerical model oil an unstructured triangular grid has been degeloped. The σ coordinate transforination, the moveable boundary and submerged dyke treatment techniques were employed in the model so it is suitable for the tidal simulations in the Oujing Estuary with submerged dyke and moveable boundary problems. The model is evaluated with the in situ data, and the results show that the calculated water elevations at 19 stations and currents at 19 profiler stations are in good agreement with measured data both in magnitude and phase. This numerical model is applied to the 3-D tidal circulation simulations of experiments in stopping flow transport through the South Branch of the Oujiang Estuary, and the feasibility to cutoff the flow in the South Branch of the Oujiang Estuary is demonstrated by numerical simulation experiments. The developed numerical model simulated the 3-D tidal current circulations in complicated coastal and estuarine waters very well.

Using three-dimensional discrete spherical Fourier descriptors based on surface curvature voxels for pollen particle recognition

This paper presents a new method for extract three-dimensional （3D） discrete spherical Fourier descriptors based on surface curvature voxels for pollen particle recognition. In order to reduce the high amount of pollen information and noise disturbance, the geometric normalized curvature voxels with the principal curvedness are first extracted to represent the intrinsic pollen volumetric data. Then the curvature voxels are decomposed into radial and angular components with spherical harmonic transform in spherical coordinates. Finally the 3D discrete Fourier transform is applied to the decomposed curvature voxels to obtain the 3D spherical Fourier descriptors for pollen recognition. Experimental results show that the presented descriptors are invariant to different pollen particle geometric transformations, such as pose change and spatial rotation, and can obtain high recognition accuracy and speed simultaneously.

A three-dimensional k-ε-k_p model in curvilinear coordinates for sediment movement and bed evolution

To aim at the substitution of the magnitude and direction of water flow movement near bed for those of bed load transport in solid-liquid two-phase one-fluid model, and to simulate the effect of secondary flow on transverse bed load transport in channel bends and the effect of bed slope on bed load trans- port in a better way, a three-dimensional k-ε-kp solid-liquid two-phase two-fluid model in curvilinear coordinates is solved numerically with a finite-volume method on an adaptive grid for studying wa- ter-sediment movements and bed evolution in a 120° channel bend. Numerical results show that the trajectories of solid-phase deviate from those of liquid-phase in the channel bend, and the deviation increases with the increase of the particle diameters. The calculated bed deformation by the k-ε-kp model is in better agreement with measured bed deformation than those by one-fluid model. It is proved that the k-ε-kp model can simulate the effect of secondary flow on lateral bed load transport with the higher accuracy than the one-fluid model.

A Novel 3-D Zn(Ⅱ) Coordination Polymer for Inhibiting the Human Osteosarcoma Cells Growth

A new three-dimensional Zn（II） coordination polymer, namely [Zn4（bpydb）3（tz）2（H2O）2]n（1）, has been synthesized by the self-assembly reactions of Zn（NO3）2·6H2O, bpydb H2, Htz and DMF. Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis reveals that compound 1 features a three-dimensional framework structure and is the first example of Zn-containing coordination polymers based on two kinds of ligands bpydb H2 and Htz. It crystallizes in triclinic, space group P1 with a = 14.9953（12）, b = 17.5335（17）, c = 20.2381（11）A, α = 115.225（7）, β = 92.329（5）, γ = 105.606（8）o, V = 4561.9（7） A^3, Z = 2, F（000） = 1644, Dc = 1.177 Mg/m^3, Mr = 1616.76 and μ = 1.098 mm^-1. The antitumor activities of compound 1 and its corresponding organic ligands（bpydb H2 and Htz） were investigated for inhibiting human osteosarcoma cells（MG-63 and U-2 OS） growth by MTT assay. It was found that compared with the two ligands, compound 1 exerted rather potent activities against all of these cell lines.

Hydrothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Fluorescence Property of a Novel Coordination Polymer [Eu_2(C_6H_8O_4)_3(H_2O)_2]_n·n(4,4′-bpy)

A novel coordination polymer [Eu2(C6H8O4)3(H2O)2]n?n(4,4?-bpy) (Mr = 928.51) was synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction of EuCl3?6H2O, adipic acid and 4,4?-bpy, and determined by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, single-crystal diffraction and fluorescence property. X-ray analysis reveals that a three-dimensional network has been formed between Eu3+ by carboxyl of adipic acid. The crystal is of orthorhombic, space group Pbcn with a = 21.870(7), b = 7.652(2), c = 19.624(6) ?, V = 3284.1(17) ?3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.878 g/cm3, μ = 3.854 mm-1, F(000) = 1824, R = 0.0345 and wR = 0.0565. The coordination polymer exhibits intensive red light under UV excitation at room temperature, which is attributed to the 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu(Ⅲ) ions.

Analysis on the Demand and Countermeasures of Air Ground Coordination in China’s Aviation Medical Rescue

Compared with ground first aid, aviation medical rescue has better advantages in mountain disaster relief, remote transfer and rapid medical rescue response, which is an effective supplement to ground medical first aid. China’s aviation medical rescue is in its infancy, compared with the level of developed countries there is a big gap. Based on the development and characteristics of aviation medical rescue in China, this paper combs the process of air-ground cooperative rescue, analyzes the demand and current situation of air-ground cooperative rescue in aviation medical rescue in China, and puts forward some countermeasures to improve the ability of aviation medical rescue in China.

地心惯性坐标系到质心轨道坐标系的坐标转换方法

卫星编队飞行通常需要高精度的星间基线测量信息,而坐标转换是影响基线确定精度的一个重要环节。以分布式InSAR为例,着重研究了从地心惯性坐标系到卫星质心轨道坐标系的转换方法,详细地推导了具体的转换公式。仿真实验表明:在相同的测量条件下,直接方法的转换精度优于间接方法。并且就目前的测量条件而言,卫星的绝对速度测量是影响直接方法转换精度的主要因素。

测头成像视觉坐标测量系统中特征点成像中心获取

介绍了测头成像视觉坐标测量系统中多特征点的图像获取及其多目标分割，提出了利用双线性插值的质心算法来获得特征点成像中心的位置，并从误差分析角度证明了通过插值增加特征点图像采样点数可以提高质心算法精度。通过试验验证了所提算法的正确性和可行性。

RSSI辅助的三维空间坐标四面体质心定位算法

三维定位是无线传感器网络的重要技术之一。提出了一种RSSI辅助的三维空间坐标四面体质心定位算法。由于现实环境往往很复杂,存在锚节点组成的四面体不包含未知节点的情况,因此筛选优质的RSSI值,并将其转换为未知节点与锚节点的距离,进而计算和比较四面体体积来进行排除;对包含未知节点的四面体进行质心迭代求解,并且对不满足条件的情况运用RSSI均值加权质心定位算法。仿真结果表明,该算法的定位误差比坐标四面体质心算法的小,并且增加RSSI均值加权算法提高了定位覆盖率。

一种微孔图像质心坐标的计算方法

基于核孔膜防伪标识的图像预处理,提出了抽取微孔图像质心坐标的算法。根据仿真结果验证了算法的设计不仅能够准确确定微孔的位置,避免死循环的发生,而且有效地防止了对假冒防伪标识的漏报。

采用CCD相机测量目标靶形心位置精度的方法

利用CCD相机完成对目标靶形心位置精度的测量后,需要对其测量精度进行验证,提出了一种通过测量目标靶图像特征点到形心位置的距离偏差来对测量精度进行验证的方法。介绍了利用CCD相机对目标靶形心位置进行测量的原理。为了对形心位置测量结果进行验证,提出在目标靶的形心及特征点位置上加装LED光源作为特征目标点,用于在像面上提取形心及特征点像素坐标值。根据目标靶与像面坐标的对应关系,给出了精度验证的数据处理方法。进行了两次检测实验,形心测量精度分别为σA1=0.037 mrad,σE1=0.021 mrad,σA2=0.032 mrad,σE2=0.015 mrad,两次实验结果基本一致。实验表明:利用该方法可以完成对CCD相机目标靶形心位置测量精度的验证。

航空发动机质量特性参数建模与分析

为准确掌握航空发动机整机质量特性,基于齐次坐标变换方法,建立了一种发动机整机质量特性参数的数学模型。根据合力之矩定理,建立了发动机整机质量特性参数的基础理论模型,分析了影响整机质心计算精度的特征参数;采用机器人学中的齐次坐标变换方法,建立了任意局部坐标系下零部件质心的空间几何模型,建立了局部坐标系相对于主坐标系的变换矩阵,从而建立了精确的零部件质心数学模型。采用算例对模型进行了验证与分析,分析结果表明:该数学模型能够精确的计算发动机各零部件质心参数,模型简单,计算精度高。

基于新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型的质心预测跟踪算法

针对红外成像制导跟踪系统转入预测跟踪状态,提出基于新陈代谢GM(1,1)模型的质心预测跟踪算法:首先采用目标丢失前的数帧目标质心坐标作为预测的原始数据序列;其次采用GM(1,1)模型进行预测;用预测出的新信息替换掉老的信息,对原始序列进行新陈代谢。该质心预测跟踪算法采用普通PC机在Matlab7.1仿真环境下进行仿真,用实际挂飞数据进行验证,其次还基于TMS320F2812DSP硬件平台进行了单帧仿真。仿真结果表明:新陈代谢GM(1,1)预测模型预测精度优于GM(1,1)预测模型。

基于图像处理技术的井下机车速度测定方法

针对传统的使用传感器测定井下机车速度存在的故障率及成本高的问题,提出了一种基于图像处理技术的新的测速方法。该方法通过对图像进行模板匹配求取模板质心坐标,利用模板质心坐标在前后连续两张图片中的变化求得模板在图像中的移动距离;将该移动距离通过比例系数转换为机车实际的行驶距离,再根据两张图像的时间差计算出机车速度。实验表明,该方法可实时确定机车速度,性能较可靠。

基于色选技术的建筑垃圾分选系统研发

针对建筑垃圾中烧结砖块和混凝土块的混合物的分离难题,介绍了一种基于色选技术的建筑垃圾自动化分选系统软硬件设计实现及其实验验证;该系统基于机器视觉求取传送带上目标烧结砖块的质心坐标的方法,通过在上位机上编写相应的C++算法程序,利用OPC客户/服务器模式和PLC进行通讯,以实现对高压气阀的实时控制;为了提高系统的实时性,采用了环形队列数据存取方式;最后介绍了通过计算目标物的质心坐标,以实现其精确的定时和定位;实验结果表明:在传送带速度为1.00m/s时,分拣系统的识别率为96.8%,分选率为91.7%;烧结砖块和混凝土块高效分离回收后的经济价值将得到极大的提高,有助于解决目前城市固体建筑垃圾围城的环境难题。

基于零件形心坐标的机械产品装配设计

依托目前广泛使用Solidworks软件平台,由Excel电子表格提取每一零件的尺寸信息与形心坐标,并编制统一的XML表驱动页面及程序组件,在有序地完成基于模型的零件参数化之后,对按需要获得的各零件按形心坐标装配,从而得到目标装配体。