A New SLM Scheme Based on Constellation Rotation for PAPR Reduction

A new selected mapping(SLM)scheme based on constellation rotation is proposed to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR)of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)signals.Its core idea is to generate abundant candidate signals by rotating different sub-signals of the original frequency signal with different angles.This new signal generation method can simplify the calculation process of candidate time signals into the linear addition of some intermediate signals,which are generated by the inverse fast Fourier transform(IFFT)operation of the original frequency signal.This feature can effectively reduce the computational complexity of candidate signal generation process.And compared to the traditional SLM scheme,the number of complex multiplication and complex addition of new scheme can separately be decreased by about 99.99% and 91.7% with some specific parameters.Moreover,with the help of the constellation detection mechanism at the receiver,there is no need to carry any side information at the transmitter.The simulation results show that,with the same channel transmission performance,the PAPR reduction performance of new scheme can approach or even exceed the upper bound of the traditional SLM scheme,which uses all the vectors in Hadamard matrix as the phase sequences.

An Improved Group Space-Time Block Code Through Constellation Rotation

A new improved group space-time block code (G-STBC) based on constellation rotation for four transmit antennas was proposed. In comparison with the traditional G-STBC coding scheme, the proposed space-time code has longer code length and adopts proper rotation-based symbols, which can increase the minimum distance of space-time codes and thereby improve code gain and achieve full diversity performance. The simulation results verify that the proposed group space-time code can achieve better bit error performance than both the traditional group space-time code and other quasi-orthogonal space-time codes. Compared with Ma’s full diversity full rate (FDFR) codes, the proposed space-time code also can achieve the same excellent error performance. Furthermore, the design of the new space-time code gives another new and simple method to construct space-time codes with full diversity and high rate in case that it is not easy to design the traditional FDFR space-time codes.

Giant Asymmetric Transmission and Optical Rotation of a Three-Dimensional Metamaterial

We show that giant asymmetric transmission and optical rotation for linear polarizations can be achieved by a chiral three-dimensional metamaterial composed of L-shaped and C-shaped metallic particles. Numerical calcu- lations on the electric field distributions indicate that the coupling between the electric dipolar and quadrupolar resonances in the L- and C-shaped metallic particles contributes to these effects.

ROTATION CONSTELLATION FOR DIFFERENTIAL UNITARY SPACE-TIME MODULATION

A new constellation which is the multiplication of the rotation matrix and the diagonal matrix ac- cording to the number of transmitters is proposed to increase the diversity product, the key property to the performance of the differential unitary space-time modulation. Analyses and the simulation results show that the proposed constellation performs better and 2dB or more coding gain can be achieved over the traditional cyclic constellation.

Reflection of three-dimensional plane waves at the free surface of a rotating triclinic half-space under the context of generalized thermoelasticity

The reflection of three-dimensional(3D) plane waves in a highly anisotropic(triclinic) medium under the context of generalized thermoelasticity is studied. The thermoelastic nature of the 3D plane waves in an anisotropic medium is investigated in the perspective of the three-phase-lag(TPL), dual-phase-lag(DPL), Green-Naghdi-III(GNIII), Lord-Shulman(LS), and classical coupled(CL) theories. The reflection coefficients and energy ratios for all the reflected waves are obtained in a mathematical form. The rotational effects on the reflection characteristics of the 3D waves are discussed under the context of generalized thermoelasticity. Comparative analyses for the reflection coefficients of the waves among these generalized thermoelastic theories are performed. The energy ratios for each of the reflected waves establish the energy conservation law in the reflection phenomena of the plane waves. The highly anisotropic materials along with the rotation may have a significant role in the phenomenon of the reflection behavior of the 3D waves. Numerical computations are performed for the graphical representation of the study.

Three-dimensional channel flow of second grade fluid in rotating frame

An analysis is performed for the hydromagnetic second grade fluid flow between two horizontal plates in a rotating system in the presence of a magnetic field. The lower sheet is considered to be a stretching sheet, and the upper sheet is a porous solid plate. By suitable transformations, the equations of conservation of mass and momentum are reduced to a system of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations. A series of solutions to this coupled non-linear system are obtained by a powerful analytic technique, i.e., the homotopy analysis method （HAM）. The results are presented with graphs. The effects of non-dimensional parameters R, A, M2, a, and K2 on the velocity field are discussed in detail.

Cooperative DVB-SH Satellite Broadcasting Systems with Rotated Signal Constellations

In this paper,we study the advantages of cooperation in broadcasting systems from a geosynchronous earth orbit(GEO)satellite to mobile terminals(MTs),achieved through a terrestrial complementary ground station(CGS) with fixed installment,which acts as a relay.Moreover and in the context of the digital video broadcasting-satellite-to-handheld(DVB-SH) standard,the performance improvements offered by the rotated constellations method are investigated,where prior transmission,a phase rotation of the transmitted symbols by a fixed angle is applied followed by a random component interleaver.Turbo codes with soft decision decoding and appropriate random channel interleavers are also considered.We present analytical expressions for the bit log-likelihood ratios(LLRs)that are needed for soft decision decoding at the MT turbo decoder,while the code combining technique is adapted to improve the end-to-end(E2E) performance.Then,we obtain through extensive computer simulations the average bit error probability(ABEP) of quadrature phase-shift keying(QPSK) signals received over pure land-mobile satellite(LMS)and pure CGS links for coding rates 1/3 and6/7.Moreover,the optimal rotation angles are obtained for both links.E2 E ABEP results are then presented assuming cooperation between GEO and CGS,while the power allocation issue is investigated under fixed total transmission power.Our performance evaluation results show that by using the constellation rotation technique,a performance gain can be achieved for high coding rates.

Three-dimensional analysis of slopes reinforced with piles

Based on the upper bound of limit analysis, the plane-strain analysis of the slopes reinforced with a row of piles to the 3D case was extended. A 3D rotational failure mechanism was adopted to yield the upper bound of the factor of safety. Parametric studies were carried out to explore the end effects of the slope failures and the effects of the pile location and diameter on the safety of the reinforced slopes. The results demonstrate that the end effects nearly have no effects on the most suitable location of the installed piles but have significant influence on the safety of the slopes. For a slope constrained to a narrow width, the slope becomes more stable owing to the contribution of the end effects. When the slope is reinforced with a row of piles in small space between piles, the effects of group piles are significant for evaluating the safety of slopes. The presented method is more appropriate for assessing the stability of slopes reinforced with piles and can be also utilized in the design of plies stabilizing the unstable slopes.

Uniquely Decomposable Constellation Group-Based Sparse Vector Coding for Short Packet Communications

Sparse vector coding(SVC)is emerging as a potential technology for short packet communications.To further improve the block error rate(BLER)performance,a uniquely decomposable constellation group-based SVC(UDCG-SVC)is proposed in this article.Additionally,in order to achieve an optimal BLER performance of UDCG-SVC,a problem to optimize the coding gain of UDCG-based superimposed constellation is formulated.Given the energy of rotation constellations in UDCG,this problem is solved by converting it into finding the maximized minimum Euclidean distance of the superimposed constellation.Simulation results demonstrate the validness of our derivation.We also find that the proposed UDCGSVC has better BLER performance compared to other SVC schemes,especially under the high order modulation scenarios.

Two and Three Dimensions of Generalized Thermoelastic Medium without Energy Dissipation under the Effect of Rotation

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of rotation on the general three-dimensional model of the equations of the generalized thermoelasticity for a homogeneous isotropic elastic half-space solid. The problem is studied in the context of the Green-Naghdi theory of type II (without energy dissipation). The normal mode analysis is used to obtain the expressions for the temperature, thermal stress, strain and displacement. The distributions of variables considered are represented graphically.

Three‑Dimensional Numerical Study on the Metal Rotating Spray Transfer Process of High‑Current GMAW

A three-dimensional numerical model based on the volume-of-fluid(VOF)method is typically preferred for studying high-current gas metal arc welding(GMAW)metal transfer mechanism and then controlling it.It is informed that the rotating spray transfer is extremely complicated,and some researchers have focused on simplified models without considering the energy conservation to make analysis manageable for the unstable metal transfer process.Using our created numerical model,the metal transfer of high-current GMAW with shielding gas of different conductivities has been studied by analyzing acting forces and fluid flows in the metal liquid column,especially for the contributions of the self-induced electromagnetic force,equivalent volume force of the capillary pressure of the surface tension(Named surface tension force in this work),static arc pressure.It is found that the unbalanced electromagnetic force greatly promotes the metal rotating motion in 500 A metal inert gas(MIG)welding with pure argon shielding gas and it pushes the metal liquid column to rotate.Considering the arc constricting effect in active shielding gas by simply changing the arc conductivity,it is found that the metal liquid column no longer rotates,it turns to swing since the unbalanced electromagnetic force is large enough to break the rotating motion.The calculated results of the metal liquid column deflected angle and rotating/swing frequency agree well with the experiment of high-speed camera observations.

Hall Effects on Unsteady MHD Three Dimensional Flow through a Porous Medium in a Rotating Parallel Plate Channel with Effect of Inclined Magnetic Field

In this paper, we make an initial value investigation of the unsteady flow of incompressible viscous fluid between two rigid non-conducting rotating parallel plates bounded by a porous medium under the influence of a uniform magnetic field of strength H0 inclined at an angle of inclination α with normal to the boundaries taking hall current into account. The perturbations are created by a constant pressure gradient along the plates in addition to the non-torsional oscillations of the upper plate while the lower plate is at rest. The flow in the porous medium is governed by the Brinkman’s equations. The exact solution of the velocity in the porous medium consists of steady state and transient state. The time required for the transient state to decay is evaluated in detail and the ultimate quasi-steady state solution has been derived analytically. Its behaviour is computationally discussed with reference to the various governing parameters. The shear stresses on the boundaries are also obtained analytically and their behaviour is computationally discussed.

基于扰动时空混沌的三维OFDM星座加密方案

无线通信网络的迅猛发展使得传输信息量迅速增加,这对系统的传输效率和通信安全提出了更高的要求。为满足上述要求,提出了一种基于扰动时空混沌的三维OFDM星座加密方案。首先,设计了一种反馈元胞自动机,以提高元胞自动机的周期性和伪随机性。将反馈元细胞自动机的迭代结果进行归一化后,作为扰动加入时空混沌系统中。通过分岔图、李亚普诺夫指数、回归映射分析和随机性测试,证明了添加该扰动的系统具有良好的混沌特性。其次,设计了一种新的三维16-ary星座图,将星座点之间的最小欧氏距离扩大了6.3%,并结合扰动的时空混沌系统实现了三维星座旋转的物理层调制加密。实验仿真结果表明,与其他三维16-ary星座映射旋转加密算法相比,该算法的误码率性能提高了约1 dB。此外,通过密钥空间、密钥灵敏度和统计攻击的安全分析,证明了其良好的安全性能。

Air traffic monitoring using optimized ADS-B CubeSat constellation

The primary technique used for air traffic surveillance is radar.However,nowadays,its role in surveillance is gradually being replaced by the recently adopted Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast(ADS-B).ADS-B offers a higher accuracy,lower power consumption,and longer range than radar,thus providing more safety to aircraft.The coverage of terrestrial radar and ADS-B is confined to continental parts of the globe,leaving oceans and poles uncovered by real-time surveillance measures.This study presents an optimized Low-Earth Orbit(LEO)-based ADS-B constellation for global air traffic surveillance over intercontinental trans-oceanic flight routes.The optimization algorithm is based on performance evaluation parameters,i.e.,coverage time,satellite availability,and orbit stability(precession and perigee rotation),and communication analysis.The results indicate that the constellation provides ample coverage in the simulated global oceanic regions.The constellation is a feasible and cost-effective solution for global air supervision,which can supplement terrestrial ADS-B and radar systems.

导航卫星长期自主定轨的星座旋转误差分析与控制

研究了基于星间测距进行导航卫星自主定轨的星座整体旋转问题,提出了采用星间定向观测来测定并解算星座的整体旋转量,以控制星座旋转误差对自主定轨的影响。通过仿真分析表明,在基于星间测距的自主定轨中,星座在惯性空间的方向误差随轨道弧段的增长而增加,通过星间定向可观测并消除该类误差影响,使自主定轨保持平稳和较高的精度,在60天的弧段内URE精度稳定在1.2m左右的水平。

基于X射线脉冲星的导航卫星自主导航

基于星间链路的导航星座自主导航,存在星座整体旋转误差随时间累积问题,致使星座难于长时间自主运行。X射线脉冲星导航为星座整体旋转问题提供了一种新的解决途径:在导航卫星上安装X射线探测器,探测脉冲星辐射的X射线光子,整合脉冲轮廓和提取影像信息,星载时钟记录脉冲到达时间,经过星载计算机处理得到卫星位置、速度、时间和姿态等导航参数;脉冲星辐射的X射线信号为导航卫星提供了绝对时空基准,不存在星座整体旋转问题。在简要论述基于X射线脉冲星的导航卫星自主导航的基本概念、系统组成和几何原理的基础上,重点研究了导航卫星轨道确定与时间同步的自适应卡尔曼滤波算法,并通过数值分析试验,初步论证利用X射线脉冲星解决自主导航星座整体旋转问题的可行性和合理性。

单锚固站辅助导航星座自主定轨分析

我国"北斗"卫星导航系统在建设过程中存在地面跟踪站无法全球均匀布设的问题。针对该问题,可采用依靠少量锚固站的星座自主定轨方法解决。通过推导星地测距对卫星轨道升交点赤经的偏导数,证明了星地测距对升交点赤经的可观性,并分析得出,在经度保持不变的情况下,锚固站纬度越大,星地测距对卫星轨道升交点赤经的偏导数的模越小,星地测距对升交点赤经的修正越差。其后,对单锚固站辅助导航星座自主定轨进行了仿真实验,在经度保持不变的条件下,随着纬度的增大,星座自主定轨结果的收敛速度越来越慢。仿真结果验证了理论分析,并得出锚固站纬度是影响星地测距对卫星轨道升交点修正程度的重要因素的结论。

一种性能更优的差分酉空时码正交旋转信号星座

由于差分酉空时码信号星座点之间的分集乘积是影响系统的重要因素.本文利用代数理论构造出一种正交旋转的差分酉空时码的信号星座集,使得原循环群星座成为新正交旋转星座的一个搜索子集,以扩大信号星座点之间的分集乘积,其误码率性能将比原循环群星座差分酉空时码有2dB多的增益.

基于星座修正聚类的双模式盲均衡算法

针对时变信道下,调制类型未知的MPSK/MQAM类信号快速均衡问题,本文提出了一种新的基于星座聚类的双模式均衡算法。初始阶段均衡器采用稳健的恒模算法,一段时间后,用低复杂度的减法聚类算法处理缓存的均衡器输出。然后利用MPSK/MQAM类信号星座图的几何旋转不变性,采用C均值模糊聚类算法修正初次聚类的结果,恢复信号星座,由此获得精确符号信息。最后依据修复后的聚类效果选择切换时机,均衡器切换到符号匹配算法,完成信号均衡。与已有算法相比,本文提出的新算法克服了调制类型未知的不利因素,具有收敛速度快,剩余码间干扰小,均衡器模式切换时性能平稳等优点。仿真验证了新算法对4PSK和16QAM信号的有效性。

带有预编码的空时分组码设计

提出一种带有预编码的空时分组码设计方法,通过旋转信号星座图对原始L维信号向量a进行变换,并将得到的信号两两一组构成L/2个2×2信号矩阵,由两根天线依次发送出去,采用该方法可使空时分组码同时获得时间分集和空间分集.当接收端有m根接收天线时,预编码分组空时码在准静态衰落信道下获得的分集增益为Lm,是传统两天线分组空时编码系统的L/2倍.与网格空时码相比,预编码STBC在不损失性能的同时具有更低的编译码复杂度.