Three-dimensional stability calculation method for high and large composite slopes formed by mining stope and inner dump in adjacent open pits

The 2D limit equilibrium method is widely used for slope stability analysis.However,with the advancement of dump engineering,composite slopes often exhibit significant 3D mechanical effects.Consequently,it is of significant importance to develop an effective 3D stability calculation method for composite slopes to enhance the design and stability control of open-pit slope engineering.Using the composite slope formed by the mining stope and inner dump in Baiyinhua No.1 and No.2 open-pit coal mine as a case study,this research investigates the failure mode of composite slopes and establishes spatial shape equations for the sliding mass.By integrating the shear resistance and sliding force of each row of microstrip columns onto the bottom surface of the strip corresponding to the main sliding surface,a novel 2D equivalent physical and mechanical parameters analysis method for the strips on the main sliding surface of 3D sliding masses is proposed.Subsequently,a comprehensive 3D stability calculation method for composite slopes is developed,and the quantitative relationship between the coordinated development distance and its 3D stability coefficients is examined.The analysis reveals that the failure mode of the composite slope is characterized by cutting-bedding sliding,with the arc serving as the side interface and the weak layer as the bottom interface,while the destabilization mechanism primarily involves shear failure.The spatial form equation of the sliding mass comprises an ellipsoid and weak plane equation.The analysis revealed that when the coordinated development distance is 1500 m,the error rate between the 3D stability calculation result and the 2D stability calculation result of the composite slope is less than 8%,thereby verifying the proposed analytical method of equivalent physical and mechanical parameters and the 3D stability calculation method for composite slopes.Furthermore,the3D stability coefficient of the composite slope exhibits an exponential correlation with the coordinated development distance,with the coefficient gradually decreasing as the coordinated development distance increases.These findings provide a theoretical guideline for designing similar slope shape parameters and conducting stability analysis.

Three-dimensional coordinates test method with uncertain projectile proximity explosion position based on dynamic seven photoelectric detection screen

To objectively obtain the three-dimensional coordinates of the projectile fuze proximity explosion when projectile intersects the head of missile target, we propose a dynamic seven photoelectric detection screen test method, which is made up of six plane detection screens and a flash photoelectric dynamic detection screen. The three-dimensional coordinates calculation model of the projectile proximity explosion position based on seven plane detection screens with dynamic characteristics is established.According to the relation of the dynamic seven photoelectric detection screen planes and the time values,the analytical function of the projectile proximity explosion position parameters under non-linear motion is derived. The projectile signal filtering method based on discrete wavelet transform is explored in this work. Additionally, the projectile signal recognition algorithm using an improved particle swarm is proposed. Based on the characteristics of the time duration and the signal peak error for the projectile passing through the detection screen, the signals attribution of the same projectile passing through six detection screens are analyzed for obtaining precise time values of the same projectile passing through the detection screens. On the basis of the projectile fuze proximity explosion test, the linear motion model and the proposed non-linear motion model are used to calculate and compare the same group of projectiles proximity explosion position parameters. The comparison of test results verifies that the proposed test method and calculation model in this work accurately obtain the actual projectile proximity explosion position parameters.

Three-Dimensional Analytical Modeling of Axial-Flux Permanent Magnet Drivers

In this paper, the axial-flux permanent magnet driver is modeledand analyzed in a simple and novel way under three-dimensional cylindricalcoordinates. The inherent three-dimensional characteristics of the deviceare comprehensively considered, and the governing equations are solved bysimplifying the boundary conditions. The axial magnetization of the sectorshapedpermanent magnets is accurately described in an algebraic form bythe parameters, which makes the physical meaning more explicit than thepurely mathematical expression in general series forms. The parameters of theBessel function are determined simply and the magnetic field distribution ofpermanent magnets and the air-gap is solved. Furthermore, the field solutionsare completely analytical, which provides convenience and satisfactoryaccuracy for modeling a series of electromagnetic performance parameters,such as the axial electromagnetic force density, axial electromagnetic force,and electromagnetic torque. The correctness and accuracy of the analyticalmodels are fully verified by three-dimensional finite element simulations and a15 kW prototype and the results of calculations, simulations, and experimentsunder three methods are highly consistent. The influence of several designparameters on magnetic field distribution and performance is studied and discussed.The results indicate that the modeling method proposed in this papercan calculate the magnetic field distribution and performance accurately andrapidly, which affords an important reference for the design and optimizationof axial-flux permanent magnet drivers.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Three-dimensional Mn(Ⅱ) Coordination Polymer with 3-(Pyrazin-2-yloxy)-pyridine and Azide Anion as Mixed Bridge Ligand

A three-dimensional coordination polymer [Mn2（μ1.3-N3）4（μ-PP）2]n （PP = 3-（pyrazin-2-yloxy）-pyridine） has been synthesized with 3-（pyrazin-2-yloxy）-pyridine and azide anion as mixed bridge ligand, and its crystal structure was determined by X-ray crystallography. The crystal data： triclinic system, space group P1, with a = 6.794（4）, b = 9.885（6）, c = 9.947（6） A, α = 64.170（6）, β= 84.190（8）, γ= 85.319（8）°, V = 597.7（6）A^3, Z = 1, C18H14Mn2N18O2, Mr = 624.35, Dc = 1.735 g/cm^3, F（000） = 314 and μ = 1.117 mm^-1. In the crystal, the azide anion acts as a bridge ligand and makes adjacent Mn（Ⅱ） ions connect into a two-dimensional sheet on the ab plane, then 3-（pyrazin-2-yloxy）-pyridine serves as a bidentate bridge ligand to connect neighboring sheets along

Three-dimensional tidal current numerical model of the Oujiang Estuary

The characteristics of three-dimensional （3-D） tidal current in the Oujiang Estuary are investigated according to in situ observations. The Oujiang Estuary has features of irregular coastline, complex topography, many islands, moveable boundary, and submerged dyke, therefore, σ 3-D numerical model oil an unstructured triangular grid has been degeloped. The σ coordinate transforination, the moveable boundary and submerged dyke treatment techniques were employed in the model so it is suitable for the tidal simulations in the Oujing Estuary with submerged dyke and moveable boundary problems. The model is evaluated with the in situ data, and the results show that the calculated water elevations at 19 stations and currents at 19 profiler stations are in good agreement with measured data both in magnitude and phase. This numerical model is applied to the 3-D tidal circulation simulations of experiments in stopping flow transport through the South Branch of the Oujiang Estuary, and the feasibility to cutoff the flow in the South Branch of the Oujiang Estuary is demonstrated by numerical simulation experiments. The developed numerical model simulated the 3-D tidal current circulations in complicated coastal and estuarine waters very well.

Evaluation of the Direct UTM Coordinates Transformation Method Based on the Standard 7-Parameters Transformation

GNSS(global navigation satellite system)observations produce the geodetic position including latitude,longitude,and altitude(or ellipsoidal height)concerning the global reference datum WGS84(Word Geodetic System 1984),which usually should be converted to another local datum to get the desired position meaning in a physical sense,coordinates of points in the local datum are usually calculated by the seven-parameter transformation method.This paper aims to validate the methods of position transformation between WGS84 and the Iraqi local datum Karbala 1979 using the UTM(universal transverse Mercator)projected coordinates directly.The proposed algorithm was tested for 10 ground control points in Erbil city and many selected points in other different cities over all Iraqi territory.The control points are measured by the CHCNAV i73 GNSS receiver.For the evaluation procedure,the RMSE(root mean square error)of the transformed coordinates is calculated with an average value of±10.715 m as an estimated uncertainty of the direct UTM coordinates transformation method over Erbil city territory,and more than±12 m over different places over Iraqi territory.

Using three-dimensional discrete spherical Fourier descriptors based on surface curvature voxels for pollen particle recognition

This paper presents a new method for extract three-dimensional （3D） discrete spherical Fourier descriptors based on surface curvature voxels for pollen particle recognition. In order to reduce the high amount of pollen information and noise disturbance, the geometric normalized curvature voxels with the principal curvedness are first extracted to represent the intrinsic pollen volumetric data. Then the curvature voxels are decomposed into radial and angular components with spherical harmonic transform in spherical coordinates. Finally the 3D discrete Fourier transform is applied to the decomposed curvature voxels to obtain the 3D spherical Fourier descriptors for pollen recognition. Experimental results show that the presented descriptors are invariant to different pollen particle geometric transformations, such as pose change and spatial rotation, and can obtain high recognition accuracy and speed simultaneously.

CGCS2000框架下县级测绘基准服务升级改造研究应用

2000国家大地坐标系的全面推广使用,加快了城市现代测绘基准体系和服务的升级改造建设工作。苏州2000坐标系启用后,市本级现代测绘基准体系完成了升级改造。在此基础上,以常熟市为例分析了县级现有独立坐标系应用面临的问题和苏州2000坐标系的适宜性后,从总体思路、控制网升级改造、坐标转换平台等方面研究并实施了县级现代测绘基准服务升级改造;在苏州2000坐标系推广使用和市域一体化高质量发展建设背景下,实现了市级基准体系在常熟的加密扩展和应用。可为国内同类城市测绘基准服务的升级改造提供参考。

顾及基准点误差的自由设站平差及精度分析

观测误差和基准点误差是影响全站仪自由设站精度的2个重要因素。目前通常采用经典约束平差法进行自由设站数据处理,测站平差后,基准点误差会以原始数据误差的形式影响设站点坐标和碎部点坐标。在分析全站仪自由设站基本原理基础上,基于坐标转换思想建立同时考虑基准点误差和全站仪观测误差的自由设站平差模型,并给出具体的求解方法。实验结果表明:较大的基准点误差会对自由设站平差结果的精确度带来不利影响,基准点精度较高时,新平差模型结果与约束平差结果相当;基准点精度较低时,新平差模型结果较约束平差结果更优。

平尺配测微表检测坐标定位系统运动直线度

对应用平尺配测微表检测运动直线度进行研究,提出了一种新方法——截段回归法,此方法突破了平尺自身长度的局限性,弥补了其他标准器在被测对象尺寸超过其适用范围,或是直线度误差超过其测量范围时无法测量的不足。可进行更长距离、误差范围更大的直线度检测,并对方法进行了验证和不确定度评定。

长沙市现代测绘基准体系建设

现代测绘基准体系作为新型基础测绘体系的重要组成部分,是基础测绘转型升级的重要内容和基础支撑。以长沙市为例,系统阐述了地方现代测绘基准体系的建设工作;首先介绍了长沙地方测绘基准的历史概况和存在的问题,然后重点阐述了城市现代测绘基准建设的技术路线、方法和建设内容以及成果应用情况。

A three-dimensional k-ε-k_p model in curvilinear coordinates for sediment movement and bed evolution

To aim at the substitution of the magnitude and direction of water flow movement near bed for those of bed load transport in solid-liquid two-phase one-fluid model, and to simulate the effect of secondary flow on transverse bed load transport in channel bends and the effect of bed slope on bed load trans- port in a better way, a three-dimensional k-ε-kp solid-liquid two-phase two-fluid model in curvilinear coordinates is solved numerically with a finite-volume method on an adaptive grid for studying wa- ter-sediment movements and bed evolution in a 120° channel bend. Numerical results show that the trajectories of solid-phase deviate from those of liquid-phase in the channel bend, and the deviation increases with the increase of the particle diameters. The calculated bed deformation by the k-ε-kp model is in better agreement with measured bed deformation than those by one-fluid model. It is proved that the k-ε-kp model can simulate the effect of secondary flow on lateral bed load transport with the higher accuracy than the one-fluid model.

A Novel 3-D Zn(Ⅱ) Coordination Polymer for Inhibiting the Human Osteosarcoma Cells Growth

A new three-dimensional Zn（II） coordination polymer, namely [Zn4（bpydb）3（tz）2（H2O）2]n（1）, has been synthesized by the self-assembly reactions of Zn（NO3）2·6H2O, bpydb H2, Htz and DMF. Single-crystal X-ray structural analysis reveals that compound 1 features a three-dimensional framework structure and is the first example of Zn-containing coordination polymers based on two kinds of ligands bpydb H2 and Htz. It crystallizes in triclinic, space group P1 with a = 14.9953（12）, b = 17.5335（17）, c = 20.2381（11）A, α = 115.225（7）, β = 92.329（5）, γ = 105.606（8）o, V = 4561.9（7） A^3, Z = 2, F（000） = 1644, Dc = 1.177 Mg/m^3, Mr = 1616.76 and μ = 1.098 mm^-1. The antitumor activities of compound 1 and its corresponding organic ligands（bpydb H2 and Htz） were investigated for inhibiting human osteosarcoma cells（MG-63 and U-2 OS） growth by MTT assay. It was found that compared with the two ligands, compound 1 exerted rather potent activities against all of these cell lines.

Hydrothermal Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Fluorescence Property of a Novel Coordination Polymer [Eu_2(C_6H_8O_4)_3(H_2O)_2]_n·n(4,4′-bpy)

A novel coordination polymer [Eu2(C6H8O4)3(H2O)2]n?n(4,4?-bpy) (Mr = 928.51) was synthesized by the hydrothermal reaction of EuCl3?6H2O, adipic acid and 4,4?-bpy, and determined by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, single-crystal diffraction and fluorescence property. X-ray analysis reveals that a three-dimensional network has been formed between Eu3+ by carboxyl of adipic acid. The crystal is of orthorhombic, space group Pbcn with a = 21.870(7), b = 7.652(2), c = 19.624(6) ?, V = 3284.1(17) ?3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.878 g/cm3, μ = 3.854 mm-1, F(000) = 1824, R = 0.0345 and wR = 0.0565. The coordination polymer exhibits intensive red light under UV excitation at room temperature, which is attributed to the 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu(Ⅲ) ions.

Analysis on the Demand and Countermeasures of Air Ground Coordination in China’s Aviation Medical Rescue

Compared with ground first aid, aviation medical rescue has better advantages in mountain disaster relief, remote transfer and rapid medical rescue response, which is an effective supplement to ground medical first aid. China’s aviation medical rescue is in its infancy, compared with the level of developed countries there is a big gap. Based on the development and characteristics of aviation medical rescue in China, this paper combs the process of air-ground cooperative rescue, analyzes the demand and current situation of air-ground cooperative rescue in aviation medical rescue in China, and puts forward some countermeasures to improve the ability of aviation medical rescue in China.

坐标基准转换中病态方程的处理方法

针对坐标基准转换中的病态方程问题,提出中心化解法。该法通过将源坐标中心化,实现了误差方程系数矩阵元素的离散化、法方程系数阵的对角化,有效避免了病态方程问题,参数的求解精度较传统算法显著提高。同时指出,坐标基准转换中,传统方法和中心化方法使用的效果一致。

一种改进极坐标二次基准实时差分方法在地铁自动化监测中的应用

针对地铁保护区自动化监测系统测量结果易受温度、湿度、气压、大气折光和列车振动等因素影响的问题,而对某一因素进行测定分析是极为困难的,本文提出了一种改进的极坐标二次基准实时差分方法。基于新方法构建了自动化监测系统并进行精度评估,案例分析表明,新方法可有效削弱外部环境因素对测量结果的影响,能够精确获取监测点三维坐标信息,进一步提高了自动化监测系统的监测精度,能够更加精准反馈地铁外部施工对轨道交通结构变形的影响。

两种工程坐标系的建立方法

工程建设中,测量定位的基础是坐标系统,我国现行的标准坐标系为2000国家大地坐标系(CGCS2000)。某些工程测量中采用国家标准坐标系,其高程归化和高斯投影会使投影变形超过规范要求。为了保证测量成果的正确性和可靠性,需要建立独立于国家标准坐标系的工程坐标系。大多数建设工程都会涉及征地问题,需要与国土部门对接,而国土部门地形图成果多为CGCS2000,所以在工程建设中通过移动中央子午线建立工程坐标系得到的坐标与国土部门地形图坐标相差甚远,征地过程中需将工程坐标系下的设计图进行坐标系转换方可与国土部门地形图匹配。基于此,本文介绍了加常数法和乘常数法两种简单易行的建立工程独立坐标系的方法,这两种方法既可解决投影变形的问题,又可保证所建独立坐标系与国土部门的地形图相匹配。

In-flight deformation measurement for high-aspect-ratio wing based on 3D speckle correlation

In order to get an effective solution of the in-flight wing deformation measurement for high-wing aircrafts with high-aspect-ratio,a method based on three-dimensional(3D)speckle correlation technique is proposed.Firstly,an in-flight wing deformation measurement system with two sets of conjugate cameras is designed based on structural characteristics and test requirements of high-wing aircrafts with large-aspect-ratio.Secondly,the in-flight wing deformation measurement method based on 3D speckle correlation technique is introduced including three aspects:measuring system and wing datum calibration,speckle image matching and 3D reconstruction,and wing deformation analysis.Fi-nally,ground simulation test of dynamic deformation measurement of a scaled model wing and flight test of dynamic deformation measurement of a large transport wing are carried out.The test results show that the measuring accuracy of single point coordinate in ground simulation test is better than 0.1 mm/m,in the airborne vibration environment,the static single-point positioning accuracy is bet-ter than 5 mm,and the in-flight wing deformation measurement data is well received by the flight test engineers.This method can satisfy the requirements of stability,reliability,high precision,non-con-tact and full-field measurement for dynamic deformation measurement of aircraft wing with high-as-pect-ratio.

中厚板冲切连线生产工艺探讨

介绍了一种中厚板下料、成形新工艺。此工艺采用冲孔、激光切割连线生产方式,其生产的灵活性、多样性更加适合未来小批量、多品种的定制化生产模式,而且也更易实现自动化生产。同时也对冲孔、激光切割两工序间的定位基准和坐标转换进行了详细阐述。