Phase II Clinical Study of Three-Dimensional Printed Coplanar Template Combined with CT-Guided Percutaneous Core Needle Biopsy of Pulmonary Nodules in Elderly Patients

Background: As the population age structure gradually ages, more and more elderly people were found to have pulmonary nodules during physical examinations. Most elderly people had underlying diseases such as heart, lung, brain and blood vessels and cannot tolerate surgery. Computed tomography (CT)-guided percutaneous core needle biopsy (CNB) was the first choice for pathological diagnosis and subsequent targeted drugs, immune drugs or ablation treatment. CT-guided percutaneous CNB requires clinicians with rich CNB experience to ensure high CNB accuracy, but it was easy to cause complications such as pneumothorax and hemorrhage. Three-dimensional (3D) printing coplanar template (PCT) combined with CT-guided percutaneous pulmonary CNB biopsy has been used in clinical practice, but there was no prospective, randomized controlled study. Methods: Elderly patients with lung nodules admitted to the Department of Oncology of our hospital from January 2019 to January 2023 were selected. A total of 225 elderly patients were screened, and 30 patients were included after screening. They were randomly divided into experimental group (Group A: 30 cases) and control group (Group B: 30 cases). Group A was given 3D-PCT combined with CT-guided percutaneous pulmonary CNB biopsy, Group B underwent CT-guided percutaneous pulmonary CNB. The primary outcome measure of this study was the accuracy of diagnostic CNB, and the secondary outcome measures were CNB time, number of CNB needles, number of pathological tissues and complications. Results: The diagnostic accuracy of group A and group B was 96.67% and 76.67%, respectively (P = 0.026). There were statistical differences between group A and group B in average CNB time (P = 0.001), number of CNB (1 vs more than 1, P = 0.029), and pathological tissue obtained by CNB (3 vs 1, P = 0.040). There was no statistical difference in the incidence of pneumothorax and hemorrhage between the two groups (P > 0.05). Conclusions: 3D-PCT combined with CT-guided percutaneous CNB can improve the puncture accuracy of elderly patients, shorten the puncture time, reduce the number of punctures, and increase the amount of puncture pathological tissue, without increasing pneumothorax and hemorrhage complications. We look forward to verifying this in a phase III randomized controlled clinical study. .

Shell and shrinking core kinetics model of Mg-based hydrogen storage alloys

The kinetics equation of the Mg-based hydrogen storage alloys (Mg-Ni-MO) was established by the shell and shrinking core model. The total coefficients of the kinetics equation of the hydrogen absorption and desorption process with shell diffusion as the controlling step were determined by semi-empirical and semi-theoretical methods, and the apparent activation energy of the hydrogen absorption process was obtained. The calculation results can well accord with the experimental data, and can well forecast the hydrogen storage capacity and absorption rate at different times. By using the kinetics equation, the effects of temperature and pressure on the hydrogen storage process can also be well understood. The kinetics equation is helpful for the design of the hydrogen storage container.

Application of nuclear magnetic resonance technology to carbon capture,utilization and storage:A review

Carbon capture,utilization and storage (CCUS) is considered as a very important technology for mitigating global climate change.Carbon dioxide (CO2) injected into an underground reservoir will induce changes in its physical properties and the migration of CO2 will be affected by many factors.Accurately understanding these changes and migration characteristics of CO2 is crucial for selecting a CCUS project site,estimating storage capacity and ensuring storage security.In this paper,the basic principles of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technologies are briefly introduced in the context of laboratory experiments related to CCUS.The types of NMR apparatus,experimental samples and testing approaches applied worldwide are discussed and analyzed.Then two typical NMR core analysis systems used in CCUS field and a self-developed high-pressure,low-field NMR rock core flooding experimental system are compared.Finally,a summary of the current deficiencies related to NMR applied to CCUS field is given and future research plans are proposed.

Key technologies and practice for gas field storage facility construction of complex geological conditions in China

In view of complex geological characteristics and alternating loading conditions associated with cyclic large amount of gas injection and withdrawal in underground gas storage(UGS) of China, a series of key gas storage construction technologies were established, mainly including UGS site selection and evaluation, key index design, well drilling and completion, surface engineering and operational risk warning and assessment, etc. The effect of field application was discussed and summarized. Firstly, trap dynamic sealing capacity evaluation technology for conversion of UGS from the fault depleted or partially depleted gas reservoirs. A key index design method mainly based on the effective gas storage capacity design for water flooded heterogeneous gas reservoirs was proposed. To effectively guide the engineering construction of UGS, the safe well drilling, high quality cementing and high pressure and large flow surface injection and production engineering optimization suitable for long-term alternate loading condition and ultra-deep and ultra-low temperature formation were developed. The core surface equipment like high pressure gas injection compressor can be manufactured by our own. Last, the full-system operational risk warning and assessment technology for UGS was set up. The above 5 key technologies have been utilized in site selection, development scheme design, engineering construction and annual operations of 6 UGS groups, e.g. the Hutubi UGS in Xinjiang. To date, designed main indexes are highly consistent with actural performance, the 6 UGS groups have the load capacity of over 7.5 billion cubic meters of working gas volume and all the storage facilities have been running efficiently and safely.

Characterizing three-dimensional features of Antarctic subglacial lakes from the inversion of hydraulic potential——Lake Vostok as a case study

To estimate basal water storage beneath the Antarctic ice sheet, it is essential to have data on the three-dimensional characteristics of subglacial lakes. We present a method to estimate the water depth and surface area of Antarctic subglacial lakes from the inversion of hydraulic potential method. Lake Vostok is chosen as a case study because of the diverse and comprehensive measurements that have been obtained over and around the lake. The average depth of Lake Vostok is around 345±4 m. We estimated the surface area of Lake Vostok beneath the ice sheet to be about 13300±594 km^2. The lake consists of two sub-basins separated by a ridge at water depths of about 200–300 m. The surface area of the northern sub-basin is estimated to be about half of that of the southern basin. The maximum depths of the northern and southern sub-basins are estimated to be about 450 and 850 m, respectively. Total water volume is estimated to be about 4658±204 km^3. These estimates are compared with previous estimates obtained from seismic data and inversion of aerogravity data. In general, our estimates are closer to those obtained from the inversion of aerogravity data than those from seismic data, indicating the applicability of our method to the estimation of water depths of other subglacial lakes.

Effects of CH_(4)/CO_(2) multi-component gas on components and properties of tight oil during CO_(2) utilization and storage: Physical experiment and composition numerical simulation

An essential technology of carbon capture, utilization and storage-enhanced oil recovery (CCUS-EOR) for tight oil reservoirs is CO_(2) huff-puff followed by associated produced gas reinjection. In this paper, the effects of multi-component gas on the properties and components of tight oil are studied. First, the core displacement experiments using the CH_(4)/CO_(2) multi-component gas are conducted to determine the oil displacement efficiency under different CO_(2) and CH_(4) ratios. Then, a viscometer and a liquid density balance are used to investigate the change characteristics of oil viscosity and density after multi-component gas displacement with different CO_(2) and CH_(4) ratios. In addition, a laboratory scale numerical model is established to validate the experimental results. Finally, a composition model of multi-stage fractured horizontal well in tight oil reservoir considering nano-confinement effects is established to investigate the effects of multi-component gas on the components of produced dead oil and formation crude oil. The experimental results show that the oil displacement efficiency of multi-component gas displacement is greater than that of single-component gas displacement. The CH_(4) decreases the viscosity and density of light oil, while CO_(2) decreases the viscosity but increases the density. And the numerical simulation results show that CO_(2) extracts more heavy components from the liquid phase into the vapor phase, while CH_(4) extracts more light components from the liquid phase into the vapor phase during cyclic gas injection. The multi-component gas can extract both the light components and the heavy components from oil, and the balanced production of each component can be achieved by using multi-component gas huff-puff.

Study on the Cap Rock Deformation of Hutubi Underground Gas Storage by GPS Observations

The deformation responses of surface cap rocks of Underground Gas Storage( UGS) in Hutubi,Xinjiang during gas injection and production were investigated with the GPS data recorded by the deformation monitoring network,which includes 13 observation sites. The time series of three-dimensional deformation of the surface cap rocks was obtained in the UGS operation process,and the deformation signals in different phases were identified by combining the GPS data with wellhead pressure data. The results show that the respiration response of surface cap rock deformation is obvious during gas injection and production of UGS,and the surface deformation due to a 1MPa change of wellhead pressure is 1. 02 mm in gas injection and 1. 24 mm in gas production horizontally, and- 1. 11 mm in gas injection and 0. 86 mm in gas production vertically.

基于.NET Core架构的PLC数据采集和监控系统

为了解决工厂设备品牌多样化、通讯协议各不相同、采集难度大等问题,研究了基于.NET Core架构的远程数据采集和监控系统。该系统借鉴了异构的数据存储方式、分布式网络模型和数据分析模型,使用.NET Core框架开发完成。首先将嵌入式工控机和PLC设备通过工业以太网连到同一局域网并进行通信,对可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)设备的运行状态进行实时数据采集,并上传到云端服务器,Web端可以远程查看PLC设备的实时数据,以及对PLC设备的工作参数进行数据分析,当分析结果显示设备出现故障时,云端服务器通过短信通知现场工程师PLC设备出现故障,当现场工程师无法调试设备时,远程工程师还可以通过Open VPN对设备进行远程调试。最后通过实验验证了系统的可行性。

Laboratory core flooding experimental systems for CO_2 geosequestration: An updated review over the past decade

Carbon dioxide(CO2) geosequestration in deep saline aquifers has been currently deemed as a preferable and practicable mitigation means for reducing anthropogenic greenhouse gases(GHGs) emissions to the atmosphere, as deep saline aquifers can offer the greatest potential from a capacity point of view. Hence,research on core-scale CO2/brine multiphase migration processes is of great significance for precisely estimating storage efficiency, ensuring storage security, and predicting the long-term effects of the sequestered CO2in subsurface saline aquifers. This review article initially presents a brief description of the essential aspects of CO2subsurface transport and geological trapping mechanisms, and then outlines the state-of-the-art laboratory core flooding experimental apparatus that has been adopted for simulating CO2injection and migration processes in the literature over the past decade. Finally, a summary of the characteristics, components and applications of publicly reported core flooding equipment as well as major research gaps and areas in need of further study are given in relevance to laboratory-scale core flooding experiments in CO2geosequestration under reservoir conditions.

Fabrication of three-dimensional WO_(3)/ZnWO_(4)/ZnO multiphase heterojunction system with electron storage capability for significantly enhanced photoinduced cathodic protection performance

A novel three-dimensional hierarchical WO_(3)photoelectrode was prepared by solvothermal method,and ZnO was deposited on its surface by electrochemical method.The WO_(3)/ZnWO_(4)/ZnO multiphaseheterojunction photoelectrode was prepared by further annealing treatment to explore the photoinduced cathodic protection(CP)performance.Compared with WO_(3)and ZnO,the photoinduced CP and electron storage capacity performance of WO_(3)/ZnWO_(4)/ZnO is significantly improved in 3.5%NaCl solution without adding any hole scavenger.The electron storage capacity of the WO_(3)/ZnWO_(4)/ZnO heterojunction makes it possible to continuously protect metallic materials in the dark after switching off the light,which can realize long-term and effective photoinduced CP.

变速抽水蓄能电机在发电工况不同转速下磁场和损耗研究

本文对变速抽水蓄能发电电动机的电压方程、磁链方程、电磁转矩方程和运动方程进行了推导,并建立了10MW变速抽水蓄能发电电动机二维电磁场的数学方程和物理模型,对变速抽水蓄能发电电动机的电磁场数学方程进行了计算,得到了变速抽水蓄能电机在发电机工况下超同步速时定子电压和定子电流的波形,分析了变速抽水蓄能电机在发电机工况下不同转速时磁密的分布规律,研究了不同转速下定子铁芯损耗和转子铁芯损耗占总铁芯损耗比例的变化规律。搭建了10MW变速抽水蓄能发电电动机样机试验测试平台,通过试验测试得到的结果与计算结果较为接近。

基于夹层结构各层协同优化的聚合物基复合介质储能性能

近年来,聚合物基纳米复合介质因其具有可塑性强和功率密度大且稳定性好等优点而受到广泛关注。但由于其自身能量密度小且耐击穿能力有限,不能满足现代电气化时代高精密储能器件的要求。为了获得兼具高击穿强度和高储能密度的聚合物基复合介质,研究设计了一种新的夹层结构,将铁电聚合物聚(偏氟乙烯-三氟乙烯-氯氟乙烯)(PVTC)与线性聚合物聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)共混作为外部绝缘层,将具高介电常数的核壳结构BT@AO@PDA纳米纤维添加到PVTC中作为中间极化层,构筑的正向夹层结构(绝缘层-极化层-绝缘层)实现了击穿强度和介电常数的协同提升。其中,PMMA质量分数为25%的PMMA/PVTC复合介质和3%的BT@AO@PDA/PVTC复合介质构成的正向夹层结构在562.7 MV/m电场下获得了17.25 J/cm3的高储能密度,并且具有优异的充放电循环稳定性和1.42μs的超快放电速率。该工作为制备高储能柔性介质薄膜电容器提供了一种简便且有效的策略。

swLLVM:面向神威新一代超级计算机的优化编译器

异构众核架构具有超高的能效比,已成为超级计算机体系结构的重要发展方向.然而,异构系统的复杂性给应用开发和优化提出了更高要求,其在发展过程中面临好用性和可编程性等众多技术挑战.我国自主研制的神威新一代超级计算机采用了国产申威异构众核处理器SW26010Pro.为了发挥新一代众核处理器的性能优势,支撑新兴科学计算应用的开发和优化,设计并实现面向SW26010Pro平台的优化编译器swLLVM.该编译器支持Athread和SDAA双模态异构编程模型,提供多级存储层次描述及向量操作扩展,并且针对SW26010Pro架构特点实现控制流向量化、基于代价的节点合并以及针对多级存储层次的编译优化.测试结果表明,所设计并实现的编译优化效果显著,其中,控制流向量化和节点合并优化的平均加速比分别为1.23和1.11,而访存相关优化最高可获得2.49倍的性能提升.最后,使用SPEC CPU2006标准测试集从多个维度对swLLVM进行了综合评估,相较于SWGCC的相同优化级别,swLLVM整型课题性能平均下降0.12%,浮点型课题性能平均提升9.04%,整体性能平均提升5.25%,编译速度平均提升79.1%,代码尺寸平均减少1.15%.

关于加强我国实物地质资料统筹保管工作的思考

实物地质资料是地质勘探工作形成的宝贵资源,确保重要实物地质资料安全妥善保管是实现其潜在价值有效保存和高效利用的重要保障,而如何改进日益增长的重要岩芯保管需求和有限的库房建设之间的矛盾,是当前我国实物地质资料保管工作面临的重要问题。笔者等系统总结了近年来我国实物地质资料保管工作在制度建设、库房建设等方面取得的重要成果,分析了当前面临的主要问题,研究并提出了我国实物地质资料统筹保管工作的总体布局、机制建立等方面的建议,为提升我国实物地质资料统筹保管能力提供参考。

大型变速抽水蓄能发电电动机不同进相工况下磁密与损耗研究

大型电机进相运行是维持电网电压及无功平衡的重要方式。为了研究不同进相运行时大型变速抽水蓄能电机内电磁场的分布及损耗变化,本文建立了326MW变速抽水蓄能发电电动机二维电磁场模型,对比分析了变速抽水蓄能电机在不同进相运行工况下的气隙磁密、定子电流波形以及定转子铁芯采样点处的磁密值,探究了定子铁芯损耗和转子铁芯损耗的变化情况。同时采用相同的计算方法对小容量10MW变速抽水蓄能发电电动机进行研究,计算结果和试验测试值较为接近,验证了本文计算方法的可行性。

包覆微孔球扁药的结构与性能

球扁药是中小口径和轻武器的主要装药,其能量释放渐增性的控制方法一直是研究的热点。通过超临界二氧化碳微发泡的内部微孔增燃与流化床包覆的表面包覆阻燃相耦合,构筑了能量释放精准可控的乙基纤维素(EC)包覆微孔球扁药,利用扫描电镜和红外光谱研究其微观结构与组成,采用密闭爆发器等分析其燃烧和贮存性能。结果表明:包覆微孔球扁药表面结构完整、致密,当包覆时间从5 min增加到30 min时,包覆层的质量分数从2.32%增加到9.79%,对应的膜厚从7μm增加到33μm;相比于原药,包覆时间10 min的包覆微孔球扁药,其初始活度L_(0)和最大活度L_(m)分别降低了62.34%和55.61%,燃烧渐增性特征值A_(L-B)为1.30 MPa^(-1)·s^(-1);加速老化试验表明,包覆微孔球扁药的燃烧性能变化较小,在75℃老化14 d后,老化样品与未处理的原始样品的p‑t和L‑B曲线基本保持一致,表明EC包覆微孔球扁药具有优异的贮存稳定性。

Recent advances in the stereolithographic three-dimensional printing of ceramic cores: Challenges and prospects

The increasing demand for geometrically complex structures—specifically, higher-inlet-temperature turbine blades for the fifth-generation or other high-generation machines of advanced fighter aircrafts—hasmade the development of more complex double-walled three-layer hollow-cavity structures a necessity.However, this requires the preparation of complex ceramic cores and advanced, integrated technologies.Stereolithographic three-dimensional printing (SLA-3DP) technology, with digital control upon materialmorphology, composition, and structure, is a high integration and versatile technique that is superior tothe traditional manufacturing techniques for ceramic cores, including gel casting, injection molding, andhot pressing. The latent capacity of this technique is contingent on the progress of processing routesthat significantly reduce the distortion and defect formation in response to the elimination of the reactedorganic monomer phase during photo-curing. Despite the tremendous progress in the field, multiple challenges remain, such as the preparation of high-solid-content and low-viscosity suspensions, SLA-3DP oflarge double-walled ceramic cores with complex structures, and process optimization and sinter strengthening for the fabrication of ceramic cores. These challenges have prevented the broader applications andreduced the impact of the SLA-3DP technology. This review discusses cutting-edge research on the crucialfactors governing this production method. Specifically, we outline the existing challenges within the fieldand provide our perspective on the upcoming research work and progress.

抽蓄电站粘土心墙坝浸润线及坝坡稳定变化特性

基于孔隙介质饱和-非饱和渗流理论,将物理模型试验与数值模拟相结合,研究了库水位周期升降时,粘土心墙坝上游坝壳浸润线及坝坡稳定性的变化规律及其影响因素。结果表明,坝体内部的渗流场较库水位变化具有滞后性。上游坝壳渗透系数是影响浸润线位置和坝坡稳定性的主要因素,上游坝壳渗透系数小1个数量级,上游浸润线位置要高2.60~3.00m,约占浸润线变化幅度的30%。水位降落速率、上游坝坡坡度对浸润线位置变化影响较小。此外,上游坝坡的稳定性随着水库水位周期性变化而呈周期性变化。

Gappy POD算法重构储能电池组核心温度及与BP神经网络预测能力对比

储能电池组中电池核心温度的实时监控对于防控电池热失控有着重要的意义.为克服工业实际中电池组内部无法布置多温度测点导致的温度数据获取不全面等问题,本文将Gappy POD重构算法引入储能电池核心温度实时监控问题中,通过监测电池组表面温度预测内部核心温度.通过搭建简化的拟储能电池实验台模拟电池温升,测试了Gappy POD算法在工况平稳变化和工况剧烈变化条件下的稳定性和对核心温度的实时重构能力;对比了Gappy POD算法的重构能力和BP神经网络(Back propagation neural network)的预测能力,并探究了Gappy POD算法和BP神经网络在不同大小的数据库训练条件下的重构预测能力.研究表明,Gappy POD重构算法具有高预测精度、稳定性强并且对数据库数据量依赖性低等优势,为算法在储能电池热管理中的实际应用提供了基础.

Three-dimensional structure of the inner core of rice dwarf virus

Rice dwarf virus (RDV) is a double-shelled icosahedral virus. Using electron cryomicro-scopy and computer reconstruction techniques, we have determined a 3.3 nm resolution three-dimensional (3D) structure of the inner shell capsid without the outer shell and viral RNA. The results show that the inner shell is a thin, densely packed, smooth structure, which provides a scaffold for the full virus. A total of 120 copies of the major inner shell capsid protein P3 forms 60 dimers arranged in a T=1 icosahedral lattice. A close examination on the subunit packing of the T=1 inner core P3 with that of the T=13/ outer shell P8 indicated that P8 trimers connect with P3 through completely non-equivalent, yet highly specific, intermolecular interactions.