THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADED PLATE BASED ON THE HAAR WAVELET METHOD

A three-dimensional analysis of a simply-supported functionally graded rectangular plate with an arbitrary distribution of material properties is made using a simple and effective method based on the Haar wavelet. With good features in treating singularities, Haar series solution converges rapidly for arbitrary distributions, especially for the case where the material properties change rapidly in some regions. Through numerical examples the influences of the ratio of material constants on the top and bottom surfaces and different material gradient distributions on the structural response of the plate to mechanical stimuli are studied.

Reconstruction of heat flux profile on the HL-2A divertor plate with a three-dimensional analysis model

A three-dimensional analysis model based on the finite element method （FEM） is developed, which can derive the evolution and distribution characteristics of heat flux deposited on the divertor plate from the surface temperature measured by infrared thermography diagnostics. The numerical simulations of surface heating due to localized power bursts and the power deposition calculations demonstrate that this analysis can provide accurate results and useful information about localized hot spots compared with the normal one- and two-dimensional calculations. In this paper, the details of this three- dimensional analysis are presented, and some results in ohmic heating and electron cyclotron resonant heating （ECRH） discharge on HL-2A are given.

Simulation of Wave Impact on Three-Dimensional Horizontal Plate Based on SPH Method

An improved three-dimensional incompressible smooth particle hydrodynamics(ISPH)model is developed to simulate the impact of regular wave on a horizontal plate.The improvement is the employment of a corrective function to enhance angular momentum conservation in a particle-based calculation.And a new estimation method is proposed to predict the pressure on the horizontal plate.Then,the model simulates the variation characteristics of impact pressures generated by regular wave slamming.The main features of velocity field and pressure field near the plate are presented.The present numerical model can be used to study wave impact load on the horizontal plate.

Droplets Turbulence Effect of Gas-Water Separator with Corrugated Plates

Droplet turbulence effect on gas-water separator with corrugated plates is explored using the Eulerian-Lagrangian two-way coupled multiphase approach of FLUENT. It is concluded that the inertial force is dominant in separating large droplets, while droplet turbulence dispersion plays a decisive role in separating fine droplets. Good agreement exists between calculations and air-water experiments. The numerical method developed provides a rea-sonable description of the droplet trajectories and separating efficiency, and it can be applied to predicting the performance of gas-water separator with corrugated plates.

NATURAL FREQUENCY FOR RECTANGULAR ORTHOTROPIC CORRUGATED-CORE SANDWICH PLATES WITH ALL EDGES SIMPLY-SUPPORTED

A simple approach to reduce the governing equations for orthotropic corrugated core sandwich plates to a single equation containing only one displacement function is presented, and the exact solution of the natural frequencies for rectangular corrugated-core sandwich plates with all edges simply-supported is obtained. Furthermore, two special cases of practical interests are discussed in details.

Three-dimensional elasticity solutions for bending of generally supported thick functionally graded plates

Three-dimensional elasticity solutions for static bending of thick functionally graded plates are presented using a hybrid semi-analytical approach-the state-space based differential quadrature method （SSDQM）. The plate is generally supported at four edges for which the two-way differential quadrature method is used to solve the in-plane variations of the stress and displacement fields numerically. An approximate laminate model （ALM） is exploited to reduce the inhomogeneous plate into a multi-layered laminate, thus applying the state space method to solve analytically in the thickness direction. Both the convergence properties of SSDQM and ALM are examined. The SSDQM is validated by comparing the numerical results with the exact solutions reported in the literature. As an example, the Mori-Tanaka model is used to predict the effective bulk and shear moduli. Effects of gradient index and aspect ratios on the bending behavior of functionally graded thick plates are investigated.

NONLINEAR THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF COMPOSITELAMINATED PLATES

In this paper. an analytic method is. presented. for the research of nonlinear Three-dimensional problems of composite laminated plates. The perturbation method and the variational principle are used to satisfy the basic differential equations and the boundary conditions of the three-dimensional theory of elasticity. The nonlinear three-dimensional problems are studied .for composite anisotropic circular laminas and laminates subjected to transverse loading. The perturbation series solutions of high accuracy are obtained. A large number of results show that transverse normal stress and transverse shear stresses are very important in the nonlinear three-dimensional analysis of laminated plates.

Three-Dimensional Scattering of an Incident Plane Shear Horizontal Guided Wave by a Partly through-Thickness Hole in a Plate

We investigate the three-dimensional （3D） scattering problem of an incident plane shear horizontal wave by a partly through-thickness hole in an isotropic plate, in which the Lamb wave modes are also included due to the mode conversions by the scattering obstacle in the 3D problem. An analytical model is presented such that the wave fields are expanded in all of propagating and evanescent SH modes and Lamb modes, and the scattered far-fields of three fundamental guided wave modes are analyzed numerically for different sizes of the holes and frequencies. The numerical results are verified by comparing with those obtained by using the approximate Poisson/Mindlin plate model for small hole radius and low frequency. It is also found that the scattering patterns are different from those of the SO wave incidence. Our work is useful for quantitative evaluation of the plate-like structure by ultrasonic guided waves.

Adaptive sampling for corrugated plate digitization using a laser displacement sensor

The surface quality of a corrugated plate directly determines the heat transfer property of the thermal power mechanical apparatus.Traditional detection methods are impractical for real-world production,being slow and destructive.In contrast,the point laser displacement sensor,employing the optical triangle method,emerges as a promising device for assessing parts with variable curvature and highly reflective surfaces.Despite its benefits,high-density sampling by an innate frequency introduces challenges such as data redundancy and a poor signal-to-noise ratio,potentially affecting the efficiency and precision of subsequent data processing.To address these challenges,adjustable frequency data sampling has been developed for this sensor,allowing adaptive sampling for corrugated plate digitization.The process begins with surface digitization to extract discrete points,which are transformed into intersection curves using the B-spline fitting technique.Subsequently,dominant points are identified,considering multigeometric constraints for curvature and arch height.Finally,the sampling signal is adjusted based on the distribution information of dominant points.Comparative results indicate that the proposed method effectively minimizes redundant sampling without compromising the accurate capture of essential geometric features.

Stream Surface Strip Element Method and Simulation of Three-Dimensional Deformation of Continuous Hot Rolled Strip

A new method,the stream surface strip element method,for simulating the three-dimensional deformation of plate and strip rolling process was proposed.The rolling deformation zone was divided into a number of stream surface(curved surface)strip elements along metal flow traces,and the stream surface strip elements were mapped into the corresponding plane strip elements for analysis and computation.The longitudinal distributions of the lateral displacement and the altitudinal displacement of metal were respectively constructed to be a quartic curve and a quadratic curve,of which the lateral distributions were expressed as the third-power spline function,and the altitudinal distributions were fitted in the quadratic curve.From the flow theory of plastic mechanics,the mathematical models of the three-dimensional deformations and stresses of the deformation zone were constructed.Compared with the streamline strip element method proposed by the first author of this paper,the stream surface strip element method takes into account the uneven distributions of stresses and deformations along altitudinal direction,and realizes the precise three-dimensional analysis and computation.The simulation example of continuous hot rolled strip indicates that the method and the model accord with facts and provide a new reliable engineering-computation method for the three-dimensional mechanics simulation of plate and strip rolling process.

NONLINEAR BENDING OF CORRUGATED DIAPHRAGM WITH LARGE BOUNDARY CORRUGATION UNDER COMPOUND LOAD

By using the simplified Reissner's equation of axisymmetric shells of revolution, the nonlinear bending of a corrugated annular plate with a large boundary corrugation and a nondeformable rigid body at the center under compound load are investigated. The nonlinear boundary value problem of the corrugated diaphragm reduces to the nonlinear integral equations by applying the method of Green's function. To solve the integral equations, a so_called interpolated parameter important to prevent divergence is introduced into the iterative format. Computation shows that when loads are small, any value of interpolated parameter can assure the convergence of iteration. Interpolated parameter equal or almost equal to 1 yields a faster convergence rate; when loads are large, interpolated parameter cannot be taken too large in order to assure convergence. The characteristic curves of the corrugated diaphragm for different load combinations are given. The obtained characteristic curves are available for reference to design. It can be concluded that the deflection is larger when the diaphragm is acted by both uniform load and concentrated load than when it is acted only by uniform load. The solution method can be applied to corrugated shells of arbitrary diametral sections.

铝合金三角形波纹夹芯板抗平头弹冲击的损伤特性研究

为研究铝合金三角形波纹夹芯板受到平头弹冲击后的损伤形式与抗冲击性能,利用一级气炮对铝合金三角形波纹夹芯板的两种冲击位置进行冲击试验。根据试验数据,对比分析三角形波纹夹芯板及等面密度单层板的弹道极限速度与耗能,并结合有限元仿真分析夹芯板的动态损伤过程、动态载荷响应及损伤机理。研究结果表明,三角形波纹夹芯板损伤形式为剪切破坏、撕裂破坏与弯曲变形。波纹板的抗冲击性能低于等面密度的单层板,并且波纹板节点位置的抗冲击性能高于基座位置。当弹体冲击速度较低时,波纹板的耗能低于单层板,随着冲击速度增加,波纹板节点位置的耗能高于单层板,基座位置的耗能与单层板相近。此外,波纹板的动态载荷响应与失效机理均受到冲击位置与弹体冲击速度的影响。

波纹板加固技术在铁路病害涵洞中的应用研究

涵洞是铁路的重要组成部分,也是日常管养中最容易忽略的铁路设备,涵洞结构的劣化状况和受力性能直接影响线路的安全与稳定。针对提速改造条件下重载铁路涵洞出现的承载能力不足、沉降过大、错位和耐久性降低等诸多问题,基于有限元分析、试验检测和工程应用等方法,开展拼装波纹板加固涵洞机理分析、波纹板关键参数加固涵洞性能与敏感性分析,以及波纹板加固涵洞实际工程应用技术研究。研究结果表明:既有涵洞采用波纹板加固技术后,涵洞结构整体刚度显著提高,涵洞顶板受力和变形明显降低,加固效果较好;同样尺寸条件下,相对于矩形和三角形波纹板结构,采用圆弧形波纹板加固涵洞后,其顶板跨中最大竖向位移和最大应力值均能减小20%及以上,圆弧形波纹板具有更好的加固效果;主力组合荷载作用下,随波纹板波高和波距增加,波纹板Mises应力表现为逐渐减小趋势,且Mises应力与涵洞跨度基本成反比关系。16座涵洞现场实测结果表明,采用波纹板加固后,不同跨径盖板涵和框构涵受力和变形显著降低,跨中挠度及动应变较加固前降低幅度均超过40%,波纹板技术在重载铁路病害涵洞中具有较好的加固效果。

低周反复荷载下T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙受力性能试验研究

为研究低周反复荷载下T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙的受力性能,对5个T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙进行了低周反复加载试验。基于试验数据,分析了T型组合剪力墙的破坏模式、滞回曲线、变形能力及耗能能力,重点研究了边缘约束条件、波纹类型以及轴压比不同变化参数对T型组合剪力墙抗震性能指标的影响规律。研究结果表明:T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙破坏模式主要有压屈破坏和压弯破坏两种;设置边缘约束构件是提高T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙承载能力和变形能力的关键因素;纵向窄波纹钢板对内部混凝土的约束能力更强,在低周反复荷载下两者协同工作性更优,而横向窄波纹钢板试件强度退化最严重;采用全截面塑性设计方法进行T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙正截面承载力计算,试验值与计算值吻合良好;T型双波纹钢板混凝土组合剪力墙具有较好的承载能力和变形能力,可适用于高层及超高层建筑结构中。

近场爆炸下波纹双钢板混凝土组合墙板的损伤破坏及抗爆性能

相对于传统的钢筋混凝土墙板和平面双钢板-混凝土组合墙板(profiled double-skin composite wall,PDSCW),波纹双钢板-混凝土组合墙板(concrete-infilled double steel corrugatedplate wall,CDSCW)具有更高的轴向抗压承载力、更大的侧向抗弯刚度以及良好的抗冲击和抗震性能,在船舶和军事领域有广阔的应用前景。制作2种CDSCW试件,通过近场爆炸试验对比分析了2种试件的损伤模式及动态响应;采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA软件建立了CDSCW和PDSCW的有限元模型,研究了近场爆炸下2种混凝土组合墙板的损伤机理和爆炸响应,并与试验结果进行对比分析;分析了混凝土厚度、钢板厚度、药量对CDSCW抗爆性能的影响。结果表明:近场爆炸作用下,相较于PDSCW,相同混凝土方量和尺寸(长、宽)的CDSCW具有更大的抗弯刚度、更强的抗变形能力以及更优的抗爆性能;增加波纹深度能有效提高CDSCW的抗爆性能,可为抗爆构件设计和相关工程研究提供参考。

波纹钢形状与拱效应对加固盖板涵承载力的影响

为了探索波纹钢形状对加固盖板涵承载力的影响及填充混凝土的拱效应形成机制,采用室内试验与数值分析相结合的研究方法,以一个室内模型试验结果为基准,建立了72个箱形、圆弧及其之间的过渡形状的波纹钢加固盖板涵的数值模型,探明了加固体系承载力随波纹钢形状参数的变化规律;基于合理拱轴的概念,探明了填充混凝土的拱效应形成机理,并采用5个数值模型进行了验证。结果表明:拱腋半径保持不变时,加固体系的承载力随着拱顶、侧墙半径的增加而减小;拱顶、侧墙半径不变时,加固体系的承载力随着拱腋半径的增加而增大;提升加固体系承载力最有效的方式是增加拱腋半径,其次是减小拱顶和侧墙半径;填充混凝土的拱效应与荷载类型有关,当波纹钢的形状能保持拱轴连续并且在素混凝土刚性角以内时,加固体系的承载力最高。在设计波纹钢加固盖板涵结构时,应根据实际工程需要综合考虑波纹钢形状与填充混凝土的拱效应,尽量避免紧贴原盖板涵的加固设计。

考虑物性变化及壳体传热的新型板壳式换热器板程流动传热数值模拟

板壳式换热器以优越的换热性能和耐温耐压性在化工生产等领域有着广阔的应用前景。本文采用可实现k⁃ε湍流模型结合增强壁面函数,对一种新型板壳式换热器板程流动与传热特性进行数值模拟研究,讨论了介质物性变化及壳体传热的影响,并与已有实验进行验证。重点分析了不同波纹高度在不同入口流速下的流动传热特性,基于场协同理论揭示了速度场与温度场及压强场协同分布规律。结果表明:流动传热计算不能忽略流体介质物性变化及壳体传热的影响;增大波纹高度流态由曲折流向十字交叉流转变,板间流体分布趋于均匀,换热性能增大;沿沟槽形成连续的涡结构,在触点周围形成具有周期性和中心对称的高剪切涡量集中区,垂直于流动方向场协同呈现周期性变化,波纹高度越高周期性越明显;在波纹核心流域内因流动与热流相似,其协同程度变差。

窄翼缘异形柱-波纹钢板剪力墙体系的抗震性能

针对钢结构住宅凸梁、凸柱和抗侧刚度不足的问题,提出一种新型窄翼缘异形柱-波纹钢板剪力墙体系;通过与传统H形钢柱-平钢板剪力墙体系进行对比,确定内嵌波纹钢板布置方式,采用ABAQUS软件建立所提出体系的有限元模型,对所提出体系的抗震性能进行分析,探讨外部框架截面形式与布置方式、波纹钢板厚度与剪跨比等对所提出体系的抗侧承载力、耗能能力和塑性变形能力的影响。结果表明:所提出的体系具有较大的抗侧承载力和较强的耗能能力、塑性变形能力,极限抗侧承载力为设计值的1.73倍,具备一定的安全储备;横向布置的波纹钢板能有效减小其作用于框架梁柱的荷载;采用十字形异形柱使所提出的体系有更强的塑性变形能力;所提出体系中的异形柱偏肢宜沿剪力墙面内方向布置,内嵌波纹钢板厚度宜取为3~5 mm,剪跨比宜控制在1.25左右。

导流型高温板式换热器的流动与传热特性分析

以一种用于固体氧化物燃料电池(SOFC)热电联产的高温板式换热器为研究对象,通过数值模拟的方法,对其传热特性和阻力性能进行分析,探究波纹倾角的变化对高温板式换热器冷侧流道的流体流动、传热特性的影响,并搭建了粒子图像测速(PIV)实验平台,对其流场分布和流速进行试验,验证了数值模拟结果的正确性和可行性;采用单位压降的换热系数评价换热器的综合性能。结果表明,PIV试验与数值模拟得到的冷侧流道速度矢量分布大致相同,模拟结果与试验结果相比误差在10%以内;当β=70°时,换热器的压降损失最大,当β=30°时,换热器的压降损失较小且换热能力最强。在研究范围内,不同β下的综合性能随着Re的增加而减小,当β=10°时整体的综合性能最好,β=80°时最差,研究结果可为板式换热器工业设计选择提供参考。

带加强圈的多跨钢波纹板拱涵施工力学行为试验研究

以4孔跨度9m钢波纹板拱涵为背景开展现场试验研究,针对拱背浇筑泡沫混凝土和拱顶回填土体施工过程,分析不同拱跨、有无加强圈断面关键位置的受力和变形特征。主要结论为:不同拱跨与有无加强圈对拱涵位移影响较小,且拱涵变形总体较小,最大约为4mm,应力满足设计标准,但拱脚截面应进行重点监控;不对称回填和不同回填材料造成边中跨、边跨两侧应力存在差异,在拱顶回填中,边跨钢波纹板、钢筋和加强圈内混凝土的应力均比中跨对应位置要大,最大差值分别为31.06,27.29,1.93MPa;加强圈仅在拱顶回填时充分参与受力,能显著减小拱脚波峰位置钢波纹板应力,减小量约为其设计强度的10%。