The Youth’s View of Marriage in Chinese Mainstream Media Discourse-A Corpus-assisted Three-dimensional Discourse Analysis

The rising of aging and the declining of birth rates have forced the public to focus on the youth’s view on marriage.Based on critical discourse analysis and combined with Fairclough’s three-dimensional discourse analysis model,this paper builds a“Chinese media News Report Corpus on the topic of‘marriage’”whose news are collected from China Daily.It is found that the discourses are neutral and objective with regard to the advantages and disadvantages of marriage,but in general,it is still a traditional view of marriage that is inevitable and closely related to fertility.Although this is controlled by the policies and the social reasons including declining fertility rate,it deviates from the current view of the youth towards marriage,resulting in many serious consequences such as young people’s rejection.In addition,this research found that male and female have great differences in their views on marriage,and men’s resistance to marriage is far greater than that of women,which is departure from the public’s cognition.The reasons behind this need to be explored in order to solve the marriage and love problems of young people in today’s era and realize the healthy development of young marriage.

Study on the correlation between early three-dimensional gait analysis and clinical efficacy after robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty

Purpose:Robot-assisted technology is a forefront of surgical innovation that improves the accuracy of total knee arthroplasty (TKA).But whether the accuracy of surgery can improve the clinical efficacy still needs further research.The purpose of this study is to perform three-dimensional (3D) analysis in the early postoperative period of patients who received robot-assisted total knee arthroplasty (RATKA),and to study the trend of changes in gait parameters after RATKA and the correlation with the early clinical efficacy.Methods:Patients who received RATKA in the Center of Joint Surgery,the First Hospital Affiliated to Army Military Medical University from October 2020 to January 2021 were included.The imaging parameters,i.e.,hip-knee-ankle angle,lateral distal femoral angle,medial proximal tibial angle,posterior condylar angle were measured 3 months post-TKA.The 3D gait analysis and clinical efficacy by Western Ontario Mac Master University Index (WOMAC) score were performed pre-TKA,3 and 6 months post-TKA.The differences in spatiotemporal parameters of gait,kinetic parameters,and kinematic parameters of the operated limb and the contralateral limb were compared.The correlation between gait parameters and WOMAC scores was analyzed.Paired samplet-test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used to analyze the difference between groups,and Spearman correlation coefficient was used to analyze the correlation.Results:There were 31 patients included in this study,and the imaging indexes showed that all of them returned to normal post-TKA.The WOMAC score at 3 months post-TKA was significantly lower than that pre-TKA,and there was no significant difference between at 3 and 6 months.The 3D gait analysis results showed that the double support time of the operated limb reduced at 3 and 6 months (allp < 0.05),the maximum extension and maximum external rotation of the knee joint increased at stance phase,and the maximum flexion angle,the range of motion and the maximum external rotation increased at swing phase.Compared with the preoperative data,there were significant improvements (allp < 0.05).Compared with the contralateral knee joint,the maximum external rotation of the knee joint at swing phase was smaller than that of the contralateral side,and the maximum flexion and extension moment was greater than that of the contralateral knee.The maximum external rotation moment of the joint was greater than that of the contralateral knee joint (p < 0.05).There was a negative correlation between the single support time pre-TKA and the WOMAC score at 3 months (p = 0.017),and the single support time at 3 months was negatively correlated with the WOMAC score at 6 months (p = 0.043).The cadence at 6 months was negatively correlated with the WOMAC score at 6 months (p = 0.031).The maximum knee extension at stance phase at 6 months was negatively correlated with the WOMAC score at 6 month (p = 0.048).The maximum external rotation at stance phase at 6 months was negatively correlated with the WOMAC score at 6 months (p = 0.024).Conclusion:The 3D gait analysis of RATKA patients is more sensitive than WOMAC score in evaluating the clinical efficacy.Trend of changes in gait parameters shows that the knee joint support,flexion and extension function,range of motion,external rotation and varus deformity moment of the patient were significantly improved at 3 months after surgery,and continued to 6 months after surgery.Compared with the contralateral knee,the gait parameters of the operated limb still has significant gaps in functionality,such as the external rotation and flexion and extension.The single support time,cadence,knee extension,and knee external rotation of the operated limb have a greater correlation with the postoperative WOMAC score.Postoperative rehabilitation exercises should be emphasized,which is of great value for improving the early efficacy of RATKA.

Trajectory of Walking Function in Late-Stage Older Individuals Managed with a Regular Exercise Program: A 5-Year Longitudinal Tracking with an IoT Gait Analysis System Using Accelerometers

Purpose: This study focused on maintaining and improving the walking function of late-stage older individuals while longitudinally tracking the effects of regular exercise programs in a day-care service specialized for preventive care over 5 years, using detailed gait function measurements with an accelerometer-based system. Methods: Seventy individuals (17 male and 53 female) of a daycare service in Tokyo participated in a weekly exercise program, meeting 1 - 2 times. The average age of the participants at the start of the program was 81.4 years. Gait function, including gait speed, stride length, root mean square (RMS) of acceleration, gait cycle time and its standard deviation, and left-right difference in stance time, was evaluated every 6 months. Results: Gait speed and stride length improved considerably within six months of starting the exercise program, confirming an initial improvement in gait function. This suggests that regular exercise programs can maintain or improve gait function even age groups that predictably have a gradual decline in gait ability due to enhanced age. In the long term, many indicators tended to approach baseline values. However, the exercise program seemingly counteracts age-related changes in gait function and maintains a certain level of function. Conclusions: While a decline in gait ability with aging is inevitable, establishing appropriate exercise habits in late-stage older individuals may contribute to long-term maintenance of gait function.

The Immediate Analgesic Effect and Impact on Gait Function of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation in Late-Stage Elderly Individuals with Knee Pain: Examination of Gait Function Using an IoT-Based Gait Analysis Device

Purpose: This study verified the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), which can be worn during walking and exercise, in elderly individuals with late-stage knee pain who exercise regularly. Methods: Thirty-two late-stage elderly individuals were evaluated for knee pain during rest, walking, and program exercises, with and without TENS. Gait analysis was performed using an IoT-based gait analysis device to examine the effects of TENS-induced analgesia on gait. Results: TENS significantly reduced knee pain during rest, walking, and programmed exercises, with the greatest analgesic effect observed during walking. The greater the knee pain without TENS, the more significant the analgesic effect of TENS. A comparison of gait parameters revealed a significant difference only in the gait cycle time, with a trend towards faster walking with TENS;however, the effect was limited. Conclusion: TENS effectively relieves knee pain in late-stage elderly individuals and can be safely applied during exercise. Pain management using TENS provides important insights into the implementation of exercise therapy in this age group.

Importance of Three-Dimensional Piezoelectric Coupling Modeling in Quantitative Analysis of Piezoelectric Actuators

This paper demonstrates the importance of three-dimensional(3-D)piezoelectric coupling in the electromechanical behavior of piezoelectric devices using three-dimensional finite element analyses based on weak and strong coupling models for a thin cantilevered piezoelectric bimorph actuator.It is found that there is a significant difference between the strong and weak coupling solutions given by coupling direct and inverse piezoelectric effects(i.e.,piezoelectric coupling effect).In addition,there is significant longitudinal bending caused by the constraint of the inverse piezoelectric effect in the width direction at the fixed end(i.e.,3-D effect).Hence,modeling of these effects or 3-D piezoelectric coupling modeling is an electromechanical basis for the piezoelectric devices,which contributes to the accurate prediction of their behavior.

Application of three-dimensional speckle tracking technique in measuring left ventricular myocardial function in patients with diabetes

BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy is considered as a chronic complication of diabetes mellitus(DM).Therefore,early detection of left ventricular systolic function(LVSF)damage in DM is essential.AIM To explore the use of the three-dimensional speckle tracking technique(3D-STI)for measuring LVSF in DM patients via meta-analysis.METHODS The electronic databases were retrieved from the initial accessible time to 29 April 2023.The current study involved 9 studies,including 970 subjects.We carried out this meta-analysis to estimate myocardial function in DM compared with controls according to myocardial strain attained by 3D-STI.RESULTS Night articles including 970 subjects were included.No significant difference was detected in the left ventricular ejection fraction between the control and the diabetic group(P>0.05),while differences in global longitudinal strain,global circumferential strain,global radial strain,and global area strain were markedly different between the controls and DM patients(all P<0.05).CONCLUSION The 3D-STI could be applied to accurately measure early LVSF damage in patients with DM.

Assessment of hindlimb motor recovery affer severe thoracic spinal cord injury in rats: classification of CatWalk XT■ gait analysis parameters

Assessment of locomotion recovery in preclinical studies of experimental spinal cord injury remains challenging. We studied the CatWalk XT■gait analysis for evaluating hindlimb functional recovery in a widely used and clinically relevant thoracic contusion/compression spinal cord injury model in rats. Rats were randomly assigned to either a T9 spinal cord injury or sham laminectomy. Locomotion recovery was assessed using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan open field rating scale and the CatWalk XT■gait analysis. To determine the potential bias from weight changes, corrected hindlimb(H) values(divided by the unaffected forelimb(F) values) were calculated. Six weeks after injury, cyst formation, astrogliosis, and the deposition of chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycans were assessed by immunohistochemistry staining. Compared with the baseline, a significant spontaneous recovery could be observed in the CatWalk XT■parameters max intensity, mean intensity, max intensity at%, and max contact mean intensity from 4 weeks after injury onwards. Of note, corrected values(H/F) of CatWalk XT■parameters showed a significantly less vulnerability to the weight changes than absolute values, specifically in static parameters. The corrected CatWalk XT■parameters were positively correlated with the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan rating scale scores, cyst formation, the immunointensity of astrogliosis and chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan deposition. The CatWalk XT■gait analysis and especially its static parameters, therefore, seem to be highly useful in assessing spontaneous recovery of hindlimb function after severe thoracic spinal cord injury. Because many CatWalk XT■parameters of the hindlimbs seem to be affected by body weight changes, using their corrected values might be a valuable option to improve this dependency.

Discourse Analysis of the Belt and Road Initiative From the Perspective of Central Asian Countries: A Case Study of the Republic of Kazakhstan

This study employs Norman Fairclough’s Critical Discourse Analysis(CDA)three-dimensional model,using the Republic of Kazakhstan as a case study,to delve into the discourse construction of China’s Belt and Road Initiative(BRI)in Central Asian countries.Through detailed analysis of policy documents,media reports,and public discussions in Central Asian countries,this paper reveals how the BRI constructs specific social practices,discourse events,and textual meanings within these nations.The findings indicate that through this global development strategy,China has not only strengthened its economic ties with Central Asian countries but has also exerted profound influences on political,cultural,and social levels.

Efficient Gait Analysis Using Deep Learning Techniques

Human Activity Recognition(HAR)has always been a difficult task to tackle.It is mainly used in security surveillance,human-computer interaction,and health care as an assistive or diagnostic technology in combination with other technologies such as the Internet of Things(IoT).Human Activity Recognition data can be recorded with the help of sensors,images,or smartphones.Recognizing daily routine-based human activities such as walking,standing,sitting,etc.,could be a difficult statistical task to classify into categories and hence 2-dimensional Convolutional Neural Network(2D CNN)MODEL,Long Short Term Memory(LSTM)Model,Bidirectional long short-term memory(Bi-LSTM)are used for the classification.It has been demonstrated that recognizing the daily routine-based on human activities can be extremely accurate,with almost all activities accurately getting recognized over 90%of the time.Furthermore,because all the examples are generated from only 20 s of data,these actions can be recognised fast.Apart from classification,the work extended to verify and investigate the need for wearable sensing devices in individually walking patients with Cerebral Palsy(CP)for the evaluation of chosen Spatio-temporal features based on 3D foot trajectory.Case-control research was conducted with 35 persons with CP ranging in weight from 25 to 65 kg.Optical Motion Capture(OMC)equipment was used as the referral method to assess the functionality and quality of the foot-worn device.The average accuracy±precision for stride length,cadence,and step length was 3.5±4.3,4.1±3.8,and 0.6±2.7 cm respectively.For cadence,stride length,swing,and step length,people with CP had considerably high inter-stride variables.Foot-worn sensing devices made it easier to examine Gait Spatio-temporal data even without a laboratory set up with high accuracy and precision about gait abnormalities in people who have CP during linear walking.

Gait analysis in swine,sheep,and goats after neurologic injury:a literature review

Medical research on neurologic ailments requires representative animal models to validate treatments before they are translated to human clinical trials.Rodents are the predominant animal model used in neurological research despite limited anatomic and physiologic similarities to humans.As a result,functional testing designed to assess locomotor recovery after neurologic impairment is well established in rodent models.Comparatively,large r,more clinically relevant models have not been as well studied.To achieve similar locomotor testing standardization in larger animals,the models must be accessible to a wide array of researchers.Non-human primates are the most relevant animal model fo r translational research,however ethical and financial barriers limit their accessibility.This review focuses on swine,sheep,and goats as large animal alternatives for transitional studies between rodents and non-human primates.The objective of this review is to compare motor testing and data collection methods used in swine,sheep,and goats to encourage testing standardization in these larger animal models.The PubMed database was analyzed by searching combinations of swine,sheep,and goats,neurologic injuries,and functional assessments.Findings were categorized by animal model,data collection method,and assessment design.Swine and sheep were used in the majority of the studies,while only two studies were found using goats.The functional assessments included open pen analysis,treadmill walking,and guided free walking.Data collection methods included subjective behavioral rating scales and objective tools such as pressure-sensitive mats and image-based analysis software.Overall,swine and sheep were well-suited for a variety of assessment designs,with treadmill walking and guided free walking offering the most consistency across multiple trials.Data collection methods varied,but image-based gait analysis software provided the most robust analysis.Future studies should be conducted to standardize functional testing methods after neurologic impairment in large animals.

Gait Analysis of a Subject with Tarsometatarsal Prosthesis

Introduction: Gait analysis of an adult man after trans-metatarsal unilateral amputation is described. Objective: Instrumental gait analysis of a subject 15 years after trans-metatarsal unilateral amputation in two footwear conditions: while walking barefoot and with prosthesis. Materials and Methods: In a movement analysis laboratory, locomotion studies were carried out at freely chosen walking speed by a 65-year-old subject, obtaining kinematic, kinetic and surface electromyographic data in time and space. Gait analysis was performed using instrumental technologies from a digital eco-system applying walking protocols. Results: When the patient wore the prosthesis, several positive improvements were observed in various aspects of gait. These included enhancements in the base of support, gait speed, and joint range of movements. Additionally, there was a slight improvement in the vertical ground reaction forces pattern, indicating a positive effect of the assistive technology. Furthermore, the use of the prosthesis led to a more organized pattern of muscle activity, which further supports its beneficial impact. However, it is worth noting that some challenges still persisted, particularly regarding stabilizing the body during the double support phase. Despite this difficulty, the overall findings suggest that the use of the prosthesis offers valuable improvements to the patient’s gait dynamics. Conclusions: After conducting a thorough analysis of the parameters related to the gait of a subject who underwent a trans-metatarsal unilateral amputation fifteen years ago, it was found that the use of prosthesis had a positive impact. This study demonstrated important improvements in some kinematic and kinetic parameters, including muscle activation patterns, indicating an increase in comfort and confidence while utilizing the prosthetic device.

Sensor-Based Gait Analysis for Parkinson’s Disease Prediction

Parkinson’s disease is identified as one of the key neurodegenerative disorders occurring due to the damages present in the central nervous system.The cause of such brain damage seems to be fully explained in many research studies,but the understanding of its functionality remains to be impractical.Specifically,the development of a quantitative disease prediction model has evolved in recent decades.Moreover,accelerometer sensor-based gait analysis is accepted as an important tool for recognizing the walking behavior of the patients during the early prediction and diagnosis of Parkinson’s disease.This type of minimal infrastructure equipment helps in analyzing the Parkinson’s gait properties without affecting the common behavioral patterns during the clinical practices.Therefore,the Accelerometer Sensor-based Parkinson’s Disease Identi-fication System(ASPDIS)is introduced with a kernel-based support vector machine classifier model to make an early prediction of the disease.consequently,the proposed classifier can easily predict various severity levels of Parkinson’s disease from the sensor data.The performance of the proposed classifier is com-pared against the existing models such as random forest,decision tree,and k-near-est neighbor classifiers respectively.As per the experimental observation,the proposed classifier has more capability to differentiate Parkinson’s from non-Parkinson patients depending upon the severity levels.Also,it is found that the model has outperformed the existing classifiers concerning prediction time and accuracy respectively.

Validation and application of three-dimensional discontinuous deformation analysis with tetrahedron finite element meshed block

In the last decade, three dimensional discontin- uous deformation analyses （3D DDA） has attracted more and more attention of researchers and geotechnical engineers worldwide. The original DDA formulation utilizes a linear displacement function to describe the block movement and deformation, which would cause block expansion under rigid body rotation and thus limit its capability to model block de- formation. In this paper, 3D DDA is coupled with tetrahe- dron finite elements to tackle these two problems. Tetrahe- dron is the simplest in the 3D domain and makes it easy to implement automatic discretization, even for complex topol- ogy shape. Furthermore, element faces will remain planar and element edges will remain straight after deformation for tetrahedron finite elements and polyhedral contact detection schemes can be used directly. The matrices of equilibrium equations for this coupled method are given in detail and an effective contact searching algorithm is suggested. Valida- tion is conducted by comparing the results of the proposed coupled method with that of physical model tests using one of the most common failure modes, i.e., wedge failure. Most of the failure modes predicted by the coupled method agree with the physical model results except for 4 cases out of the total 65 cases. Finally, a complex rockslide example demon- strates the robustness and versatility of the coupled method.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONALLY GRADED PLATE BASED ON THE HAAR WAVELET METHOD

A three-dimensional analysis of a simply-supported functionally graded rectangular plate with an arbitrary distribution of material properties is made using a simple and effective method based on the Haar wavelet. With good features in treating singularities, Haar series solution converges rapidly for arbitrary distributions, especially for the case where the material properties change rapidly in some regions. Through numerical examples the influences of the ratio of material constants on the top and bottom surfaces and different material gradient distributions on the structural response of the plate to mechanical stimuli are studied.

Reconstruction of heat flux profile on the HL-2A divertor plate with a three-dimensional analysis model

A three-dimensional analysis model based on the finite element method （FEM） is developed, which can derive the evolution and distribution characteristics of heat flux deposited on the divertor plate from the surface temperature measured by infrared thermography diagnostics. The numerical simulations of surface heating due to localized power bursts and the power deposition calculations demonstrate that this analysis can provide accurate results and useful information about localized hot spots compared with the normal one- and two-dimensional calculations. In this paper, the details of this three- dimensional analysis are presented, and some results in ohmic heating and electron cyclotron resonant heating （ECRH） discharge on HL-2A are given.

Three-dimensional admittance analysis of lithospheric elastic thickness over the Louisville Ridge

Using bathymetry and altimetric gravity anomalies, a 1°×9 1° lithospheric effective elastic thickness（Te） model over the Louisville Ridge and its adjacent regions is calculated using the moving window admittance technique. For comparison, three bathymetry models are used： general bathymetric charts of the oceans, SIO V15.1,and BAT_VGG. The results show that BAT_VGG is more suitable for calculating T e than the other two models. T e along the Louisville Ridge was re-evaluated. The southeast of the ridge has a medium Te of 10–20 km, while Te increases dramatically seaward of the Tonga-Kermadec trench as a result of the collision of the Pacific and IndoAustralian plates.

AN APPLICATION OF TOPOLOGICAL ANALYSIS TO STUDYING THE THREE-DIMENSIONAL FLOW IN CASCADES;PART I—TOPOLOGICAL RULES FOR SKIN-FRICTION LINES AND SECTION STREAMLINES

Based on the working of Lighthill and Hunt et al., in the present paper the author has established the topological rules adapting to analysing the skin-friction lines and the section streamlines in cascades. These rules are (1) for a rotor cascade without shroud band, the total number of nodal points equals that the saddle points on the skin-friction line vector fields in eachpitch range; (2) for an annular or straight cascade with no-clearances at blade ends, the total number of saddle points is two more than that of nodal points on the skin-friction line fields in a pitch; (3) the total number of saddles in the secondary flow fields on cross-sections in cascade is one less than that of nodes; (4) in the section streamline vector fields on a meridian surface penetrating a flow passage, and on leading and trailing edge sections, the total number of nodes is equal to that of saddles; (5) on the streamline vector fields of a blade-to-blade surface, the total number of nodes is one less than that of saddles.

Undrained Stability Analysis of Three-Dimensional Rectangular Trapdoor in Clay

A new collapse model of the trapdoors,three-dimensional rectangular trapdoor(3DRT),is presented for ground surface collapse.Undrained stability of 3DRT is examined with the upper bound method of plasticity limit analysis theory.The soil where the trapdoors are located is assumed to be a perfectly plastic model with a Tresca yield criterion.Block analysis technique is employed to investigate the collapse of 3DRT.The model is divided into five different block types and added up to ten rigid blocks.According to the law of conservation of energy,the critical stability ratios of 3DRT are obtained through a search proceeding.The results of upper bound solution for 3DRT are given,and three trapdoor models with depth various are discussed during the application in the stability analysis of square trapdoors.The critical stability ratios can be used in the design of underground excavation and support force.

Three-dimensional mapping and comparative analysis of the distal human corpus cavernosum and the inflatable penile prosthesis

The intricate anatomy of the corpus cavernosum in both the flaccid and tumescent state has not been fully elucidated. We report our experience using a three-dimensional （3D） scanner to reconstruct cadaveric casts and compare them with 3D images of two prototypes of penile prosthesis. Two different models of the Titan Coloplast inflatable penile prosthesis were analyzed using a 3D scanner. The first was the standard model and the second was a newer model with a rounder silicone tip. Two cadaveric phalluses were harvested using Smooth-Cast 300Q polyurethane molding. The molds were excised and scanned along side the penile prosthesis. 3D scans were completed and analyzed using Leios Mesh software, and GOM Inspect software. The 3D scans demonstrated the mean human corporal radii 2 mm from the distal tip to be 36.51 mm （36.01-37.0 mm）, which is an obtuse angle. The standard Titan penile prosthesis spherical radius at the same level was 202.52 mm, while the new silicone tip prosthesis had a radius of 139.33 mm. 3D mapping further demonstrated the trajectory of the cavernosa appeared curvilinear and the distal ends appeared blunt. The use of cadaveric cavernosal molds in combination with the 3D scanner allowed us to accurately image the corpus cavernosum for the first time. Our findings suggest that anatomically accurate corporal tips appear to be relatively blunt and that the new Titan silicone tip penile prosthesis more closely resembles the human corporal tip.

MODELING OF LIGHT SPECULAR REFLECTION FROM PLAIN-KNITTED FABRICS: A THREE-DIMENSIONAL ANALYSIS

The paper applies a mathematical model[1] for specular reflection to plain-knitted fabrics by using a three-dimensional analysis. Computer simulation of goniophotometric curves is generated based oa the model. Correction factors are introduced by taking into consideration of geometry of the instrument used. Comparison between the simulated and the measured curves of a straight monofilament yarn with various orientation angles is carried out and reasonable agreement has been obtained.