The application of Yangtze Estuary Tidal Wetlands Geographic Information System

Yangtze Estuary Tidal Wetlands Geographic Information System (YETWGIS) is a comprehensive software system for environmental management and decision of Yangtze estuary tidal wetlands. Based on MapObjects components technology, Data Mining technology, mathematical modeling method and Visual Basic language, this software system has many functions such as displaying, editing, querying and searching, spatial statistics and analysis, thematic map compiling, and environmental quality evaluation. This paper firstly outlined the system structure, key techniques, and achieving methods of YETWGIS, and then, described the core modules (the thematic map compiling module and environmental quality evaluation model module) in detail. In addition, based on information entropy model, it thoroughly discussed the methods of environmental quality evaluation and indicators' weight calculation. Finally, by using YETWGIS, this paper analyzed the spatial distribution characteristics of Heavy Metal and Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) of the Yangtze estuary tidal wetlands in 2002, and evaluated the environmental quality of the Yangtze estuary tidal wetlands in 2003.

Geographic information technology usage in developing countries – A case study in Mozambique

Geographic information technologies(GIT)have matured,have become pervasive throughout many types of organizations over recent decades and gained a wide range of attention in diverse sectors of society.The goal of this paper is to identify the main drivers and uses of GIT in organizations and to give an overview of GIT uses in developing countries with a focus on a case study developed for Mozambique by analyzing the results of a survey of 123 Mozambican organizations that are current GIT users.The results show that the main drivers behind are compatibility,complexity,competitive pressure,donor pressure,government policy,intention to adopt,innovation,relative advantage,security,and technology competence.Organizations of the public and private sectors use GIT for customer/resource/risk management,decision support,education,research,monitoring,prediction,simulation,suitability analysis,sustainability,use and access.

Two-and Three-Dimensional Urban Core Determinants of the Urban Heat Island： A Statistical Approach

There is no doubt that the UHI （urban heat island） is a mounting problem in built-up environments, due to the energy retention by surface dense building materials, leading to increased temperatures, air pollution, and energy consumption. Much of the earlier research on the UHI has used two-dimensional （2-D） information, such as land uses and the distribution of vegetation. In the case of homogeneous land uses, it is possible to predict surface temperatures with reasonable accuracy with 2-D information. However, three-dimensional （3-D） information is necessary to analyze more complex sites, including dense building clusters. In this research, 3-D building geometry information is combined with 2-D urban surface information to examine the relationship between urban characteristics and temperature. The research includes the following stages： （1） estimating urban temperature; （2） developing a 3-D city model; （3） generating geometric parameters; and （4） conducting statistical analyses using both linear and non-linear regression models. The implications of the results are discussed, providing guidelines for policies aiming to reduce the UHI.

GIS as an Information Infrastructure for Recovery and Reconstruction after the Great East Japan Earthquake

This study considers the regional characteristics of the Tohoku region and the extent of the damage caused by the Great East Japan Earthquake and makes proposals for recovery and reconstruction of the areas affected by this disaster as well as for a reduction of the impact of natural disasters that may occur in the future with GIS （geographic information systems） as a social infrastructure positioned at the heart of the information infrastructure. Due to the fact that social media that used ICT （information and communication technology） was useful in the days directly after the disaster, it can be said that it is necessary to investigate the provision of an information infrastructure that uses ICT to reduce the impact of disasters. Therefore, this study proposes the construction of a geographical information database using GIS and the provision and sharing of information using social media GIS after discussion of the relationship between the development of the computerization of Japan and GIS as a valid example of using information systems for recovery and reconstruction after the Great East Japan Earthquake.

A Distributed Web GIS Application Based on Component Technology and Fractal Image Compression

Geographic information system(GIS)technology is a combination of computer’s graphic and database to store and process spatial information.According to the users’ demands,GIS exports the exact geographic information and related in- formation for users with map and description through associating geographic place and related attributes.Based on the existing pop- ular technology,this paper presents a distributed web GIS application based on component technology and fractal image compres- sion.It presents the basic framework of the proposed system at first,and then discusses the key technology of implementing this sys- tem;finally it designs a three-layer WEB GIS instance using VC++ATL based on Geo Beans.The example suggests the proposed design is correct,feasible and valid.

Three-dimensional critical slip surface locating and slope stability assessment for lava lobe of Unzen volcano

Even Unzen volcano has been declared to be in a state of relative dormancy,the latest formed lava lobe No.11 now represents a potential slope failure mass based on the latest research.This paper concentrates on the stability of the lava lobe No.11 and its possible critical sliding mass.It proposes geographic information systems (GIS) based three-dimensional (3D) slope stability analysis models.It uses a 3D locating approach to identify the 3D critical slip surface and to analyze the 3D stability of the lava lobe No.11.At the same time,the new 3D approach shows the effectiveness in selecting the range of the Monte Carlo random variables and locating the critical slip surface in different parts of the lava lobe No.11.The results are very valuable for judging the stability of the lava lobe and assigning the monitoring equipments.

Digitizing the Undigitized: Converting Traditional Archaeological Records into Computerized, Three-Dimensional Site Reconstruction

Archaeological excavation involves disintegration, removal, and reassembly of the archaeological record;as such it is considered by many to be an unrepeatable, destructive activity. This perception has contributed to an advancement in archaeological practice, namely, the development of computerized recording systems that digitally record archaeological excavations spatially and volumetrically during fieldwork. This paper is concerned with those archaeological sites where digital field recording has not been done. These sites, recorded by traditional methods, should not be excluded from attempts to restructure the spatial, volumetric, and stratigraphic archaeological data. A thorough methodology for the conversion of traditional records into digitized data is presented, including the detailed procedures required for three-dimensional plotting of recorded data—both the excavated material and the drawn site maps and cross-sections. Finally, the use of these methods is demonstrated on a complex Early to Middle Pleistocene site, illustrating the benefits of digitization and three-dimensional reconstruction in resolving stratigraphic and spatial questions.

Mashup-Technology in Web-Based GIS Design

The paper proposes an architectural model of web-based geographic information system based on mashup-technologies. Represented system is designed using the programming patterns and is used to control access rights to various functions or objects in the system.

A Brief Review of 3S Technology Application on Biodiversity Monitoring and Assessment

Remote sensing,geographic information system and GPS(3S)technology have been well recognized as comprehensive,accurate and up-to-date information collection methods,which are increasingly adopted in biodiversity conservation.This review summarizes the application of object-oriented classification methods on biodiversity monitoring projects based on high-resolution remote sensing imagines in China.Biodiversity conservation research based on GIS technology in China is also discussed,with emphasis on the advantages of GIS analysis and modeling function.

基于地理信息技术的山地城市社区体育文化公园空间分布分析——以重庆市为例

社区体育文化公园作为居民身心健康发展的重要场域,研究其空间分布及影响因素具有重要意义。文章以具有典型山地城市特征的重庆市为例,运用核密度估算法、最小阻抗法、空间插值法和地理探测器对重庆92个社区体育文化公园进行深入分析。研究发现:重庆市社区体育文化公园主要分布在渝中、渝北、南岸、巴南西部临江一带,总体分布与城市发展具有耦合性,其空间分布主要受交通可达性、房价、人口密度和地势等因素影响,其中交通可达性和房价影响较大,人口密度和地势次之。文章提出以区域发展水平为着力点,建设多层级社区体育文化公园;秉持“以人为本”的核心理念,建设“亲民”社区体育文化公园;以山地城市独有的城市形态,丰富社区体育文化公园内部空间结构等优化配置建议,为社区体育文化公园的规划提供重要参考。

基于GIS技术的复杂山区道路选线优化方法探讨

针对复杂山区道路选线的优化问题,提出以地理信息系统技术为基础,综合考虑地形特征和环境约束等因素,进行道路选线优化的方法,对道路网络模型进行地形参数的获取与处理,对道路节点及其连通性进行分析;在此基础上,设计多条件权衡算法并有效处理约束条件,以达到道路选线优化的目的。此种方法在实际应用中得到验证并取得了较好的效果。

国际地理信息科技发展综述

地理信息已经渗透到人类社会生活的各个方面,并发挥越来越重要的作用。卫星遥感发展的主流是面向整个地球和多星组网观测,导航定位的现状是全球多个导航卫星系统共存,各有千秋。地理信息系统与地理信息制图也不断进步。了解国际前沿地理信息科技与发展,将对我国地理信息科学与技术的发展产生积极的影响。

地理信息技术赋能流域环境检察监督的路径与实践研究

近年来,湖北省各检察机关在应用地理信息技术赋能自身履职方面取得了诸多成效。相关技术不仅改善了检察监督的工作效率,提高了办案人员的调查取证能力,还推动了法律监督窗口的适当前移,有利于流域治理主体间的协同配合。理论上,地理信息技术赋能流域环境检察监督的主要路径可概括为数据收集共享、算法自动分析、人工核查研判、模型优化更新4个步骤。实践中,当前流域检察监督对地理信息技术的应用尚处于初级阶段,因此检察机关今后可考虑在参与地方时空数据平台建设、健全外聘技术专家库等方面发力,不断提升自身数字化水平。

长江经济带非金属矿采矿权时空变化特征分析

文章基于长江经济带非金属矿产数据,利用地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)空间分析方法和脱钩模型研究2007—2018年期间该地区非金属矿采矿权分布的时空变化特征。结果表明:非金属矿开采重心呈现出向西部地区移动的趋势;非金属矿采矿权分布呈现“西南—东北”的空间格局,且非金属矿高开采强度区呈现出收缩趋势;非金属矿采矿权分布具有显著的空间正相关特性,其中,高-高类型区域分布在贵州、江西等省份,低-低类型区域分布在浙江、江苏、安徽等省份;非金属矿采矿权面积与经济增长脱钩状态稳定,脱钩情况理想,经济发展对非金属矿产开发依赖性减小;建筑石料用灰岩采矿权分布的时空规律和非金属矿采矿权分布的时空规律相似,均呈现开采重心向西部偏移的态势。该研究结果反映了在2007—2018年中国经济高速发展期间,长江经济带非金属矿采矿权分布的时空特征变化及其影响因素,为今后非金属矿产资源开发空间布局优化提供空间决策参考。

新型基础测绘技术的研究与应用

随着科技的不断进步,传统的基础测绘技术已经逐渐无法满足日益增长的需求,新型基础测绘技术的涌现成为解决这一问题的重要途径。本文列出了传统测绘技术存在的局限性和不足之处,着重介绍了新型基础测绘技术,包括全球定位系统(GPS)、卫星遥感技术、无人机测绘等,探讨了这些新型技术在土地管理、城市规划、环境监测等方面的应用,并指出了其在提高测绘效率、精度和数据处理能力方面的优势,对未来新型基础测绘技术的发展趋势进行了展望,提出了进一步研究和应用的建议,以期为相关领域的研究和实践提供参考。

地理信息系统中GPS控制测绘技术的应用与研究

近年来,GPS控制测绘技术的快速发展,为各个行业提供了高效、精准的定位服务。通过地理信息系统与GPS控制测绘技术的融合,能够优化测绘工作模式,有效提升我国测绘水平。基于此,对GPS控制测绘技术进行简要概述,解析了GPS控制测绘技术的应用优势,分析了GPS控制测绘技术体系,研究地理信息系统中GPS控制测绘技术的应用策略,旨在发挥GPS控制测绘技术的价值,推动我国测绘行业的蓬勃发展。

数字孪生水利工程地质勘察平台研发与应用

当前水利工程地质勘察信息化程度相对滞后,作业、管理方式落后,成果可视化效果较差,数字孪生水利工程勘察平台集中于桌面端,现有引擎无法满足具有空间属性的大规模地上地下一体化地质构造模型,在Web端高质量显示和分析等应用需求。为解决以上问题,提出一种融合Cesium和Thress.js的数字孪生三维模型渲染方法,基于此研发数字孪生水利工程地质勘察平台、实现地质勘察的全面信息化。在多个项目中的使用,证明此平台可提高勘察数据采集的效率和成果的质量,提升Web端高质量加载海量三维地质模型的性能,拓宽成果共享再利用的方式,使勘察数据在水利工程规划建设中发挥更大作用。

地图制图技术在地理信息系统数据中的应用

利用计算机辅助人工的地图制图技术具有制图效率低下、周期长等缺陷,无法满足时代发展需求。该文通过简要介绍地理信息系统概念、数据特征、地图制图技术概念,在明确地图制图技术在地理信息系统数据应用中的研究现状的前提下,以某省地理国情普查地图集制作为例,探讨借助WJ-Ⅲ软件实现的自动化地理制图技术在地理信息系统数据中的应用实例,证实自动化地图制图技术能够大幅提升制图效率,为实现省内国情数据图库一体化提供技术保障。

考虑地形影响的太阳能资源精细化评估及技术可开发量计算

[目的]我国提出“碳达峰、碳中和”目标,意味着到2030年,我国风电、光伏发电总装机容量要在现有基础上增加2倍以上,大力开发包括太阳能资源在内的可再生清洁能源已成为国际社会的共识。文章以湖北省房县为例,通过引入再分析资料及地形数据,开展太阳能资源的精细化评估,计算技术可开发量,为合理开发利用太阳能资源提供数据支撑。[方法]通过位于该县境内的1个辐射观测站(A站)2012~2020年辐射观测数据,对临近的ERA5再分析资料进行订正,形成2000~2020年精度为0.1°×0.1°的辐射格点产品,同时考虑坡度、坡向、海拔高度等对辐射的影响,采用GIS技术方法建立基于地理信息的辐射模型。基于Landsat TM/ETM/OLI遥感影像资料,引入土地利用类型数据,考虑光伏开发的限制因素和不同土地类型的可利用率。[结果]将模型模拟结果与区域内另外2个辐射观测站(B站、C站)实际观测数据进行对比。从整年总体情况看,B站年平均相对误差为5.7%,C站年平均相对误差为3.4%;从各月辐射看,B站相对误差在2%(1月)~14.1%(8月)之间,C站相对误差在0.1%(2月)~15.4%(6月)之间,所建模型能较好反映实际辐射情况。[结论]根据模拟结果,得到房县太阳能资源分布情况,年总辐射在4.00~4.13 GJ/m2,空间上呈现中部河谷风地区的资源多,南、北高海拔山区的资源少的分布。经计算,得到房县光伏发电可开发面积为60.7 km2,技术开发量为4.501 GW。

基于数字孪生技术的煤矿掘进机自动截割方法研究

为了解决目前掘进工作面设备自动化控制存在的缺乏可视化人机交互控制、缺乏掘进工作面数字孪生动态建模、缺乏巷道模型与掘进机定位导航系统融合的问题,提出一种基于三维数字孪生技术的煤矿掘进机自动截割方法;该方法利用三维数字孪生技术的巷道模型生成截割模板,实现掘进机对预设截割断面的自动化截割,可达到人工远距离、可视化控制掘进机安全自动作业的目的。介绍了数字化巷道和掘进机模型的构建方法以及数据驱动逻辑,并对掘进机自动截割控制方法进行了详细阐述。结果表明,该方法避免了粉尘等对掘进机自动化截割的影响,降低了人员现场作业风险和劳动强度,解决了掘进机远程截割精确度低、巷道断面成型质量差等问题。