Mapping coalmine goaf using transient electromagnetic method and high density resistivity method in Ordos City, China

The research about subsurface characteristics by using transient electromagnetic method（TEM） and high density resistivity method（HDRM） were already conducted in Ordos. The objective of this research is to detect coalmine goaf areas based on rock resistivity. The data processing using wavelet transform, three point smoothing, RES2 DINV and Maxwell processing software to obtain 2D resistivity structure. The results showed that the layers with maximum resistivity values（30e33 U m on Line 1, 30e31 U m on Line 2, 32e40 U m on Line3） are founded at station 1e7, and 14e20 on Line 1,13e18 on Line 2, and 8e13 and 16e20 on Line 3 which is predicted as goaf layer, and the minimum resistivity values（20e26 U m of TEM, 45e75 U m of HDRM） at the other layers. This resistivity difference was caused by the geology and characteristics of the study area which is located close by the cleugh with rich coal, so the goaf area distinguishable with aquifer layer and coal seam. The results were also significant accidents and serious destruction of ecological environment.

On the interaction between bubbles and the free surface with high density ratio 3D lattice Boltzmann method

The bubbles rise up and burst at the free surface is a complex two-phase process.A free energy lattice Boltzmann method(LBM)model is adopted in this paper to study this phenomenon.The interface capturing technique[Zheng et al.,2006]is used to deal with the high density ratio problem.The Laplace law and the air-water interface capturing ability are validated for the multiphase model.The interaction between the single bubble or multiple bubbles and the free surface are studied by the multiphase model.The force acting on the bubble and the evolution of the free surface is studied.Meanwhile,effect of the initial distance between two adjacent bubbles on interaction effects of multiple bubbles is investigated as well.

Testing with high density resistivity method in prevention and cure for mine water disaster and its applied effect

The detecting examples using the high density resistivity method, about the evaluation of containing water characteristic from the floor rock and the height of overburden failure, were given. It expresses that the high density resistivity method has good effect with strong maneuverability and continuous observing section during the prevention and cure for mine water disaster. At the same time, the article pointed out that the study of space data inversion and dynamic watching technology about the high density resistivity method must be enhanced in the future because of special condition of data collecting in mine.

False anomaly recognition with horizontal differential field lines method in high-density electrical technique and its application in Xinlei Quarry,Jiuquan

As an important geophysical tool,high density electrical technique infers the underground geological structures by processing and inverting the apparent resistivity data.Currently,the false anomalies have been frequently occurred in the graph of apparent resistivity pseudo-section or inverted geoelectrical section obtained from high-density electrical technique,and are difficult to remove.In this study,the authors explain the mechanism of the false anomalies and put forward the horizontal differential field method to identify the false anomalies.Based on the analysis of modeling results,this method is applied in the surveying data in Xinlei Quarry of Jiuquan,and the results confirm the effectiveness of the horizontal differential field method.

Simulation Monitoring for Rainfall Infiltration in Soil Based on High Density Electrical Method

Rainfall infiltration is a porous medium flow problem with variable saturation. Based on the theoretical analysis of the flow field, electrical conductivity of rocks, the electrical field, the paper simulates the coupling relationship between the water saturation in soil and the apparent resistivity distribution. It combines the Richards equation, the Archie formula and the Laplace equation. The experiment simulates the potential field data by the Wenner setting in electrical exploration on a two-layer geologic model with continuous rainfall during 5 days, which shows that the effective saturation in soil is increasing with the rainfall time, while the apparent resistivity is decreasing. This can provide a theoretical basis for the analyzing the rainfall infiltration and porosity of the soil by using high-density electrical method in the future.

The Application of High-density Resistivity Method to the Evaluation on the Stability of Gongchangling Open Pit＇s Slope

High-density resistivity method is a new, efficient electrical prospecting method, which can complete a two-dimensional （vertical and horizontal） prospecting process, possesses certain imaging functions for the geo-electric structure, and integrates electric profiling method with electric sounding method together. In this paper, the basic principle, data processing, and result explanation and inference of high- density resistivity method are introduced by taking the application of high-density resistivity method to the prospecting project in the slope of Gongchangling Open Pit, Liaoyang. The result of the prospecting result map analysis showed that the prospecting result was basically in line with the actual situation and proved the great significance of high-density resistivity method to the evaluation on the slope stability of Gongchangling open pit.

Application of high density resistivity method in accuracy of goaf detection

Based on the relationship between the diameter and buried depth of goal, the authors establish the forward modeling by Res2dmod and inverse the model by Res2dinv. Thus, three kinds of models are obtained ： the model of single resistivity anomalous body, model of double different distance resistivity anomalous body, and model of layered resistivity anomalous body. Using forward and inversion, the image of detection is simulated, and the reliability is proved by comparing with the engineering examples.

Three-dimensional gravity inversion based on sparse recovery iteration using approximate zero norm

This research proposes a novel three-dimensional gravity inversion based on sparse recovery in compress sensing. Zero norm is selected as the objective function, which is then iteratively solved by the approximate zero norm solution. The inversion approach mainly employs forward modeling; a depth weight function is introduced into the objective function of the zero norms. Sparse inversion results are obtained by the corresponding optimal mathematical method. To achieve the practical geophysical and geological significance of the results, penalty function is applied to constrain the density values. Results obtained by proposed provide clear boundary depth and density contrast distribution information. The method's accuracy, validity, and reliability are verified by comparing its results with those of synthetic models. To further explain its reliability, a practical gravity data is obtained for a region in Texas, USA is applied. Inversion results for this region are compared with those of previous studies, including a research of logging data in the same area. The depth of salt dome obtained by the inversion method is 4.2 km, which is in good agreement with the 4.4 km value from the logging data. From this, the practicality of the inversion method is also validated.

Self-heating Probe Instrument and Method for Measuring High Temperature Melting Volume Change Rate of Material

The castings defects are affected by the melting volume change rate of material. The change rate has an important effect on running safety of the high temperature thermal storage chamber, too. But the characteristics of existing measuring installations are complex structure, troublesome operation and low precision. In order to measure the melting volume change rate of material accurately and conveniently, a self-designed measuring instrument, self-heating probe instrument, and measuring method are described. Temperature in heating cavity is controlled by PID temperature controller; melting volume change rate υ and molten density are calculated based on the melt volume which is measured by the instrument. Positive and negative υ represent expansion and shrinkage of the sample volume after melting, respectively. Taking eutectic LiF＋CaF2 for example, its melting volume change rate and melting density at 1 123 K are -20.6% and 2 651 kg/m–3 measured by this instrument, which is only 0.71% smaller than literature value. Density and melting volume change rate of industry pure aluminum at 973 K and analysis pure NaCl at 1 123 K are detected by the instrument too. The measure results are agreed with report values. Measuring error sources are analyzed and several improving measures are proposed. In theory, the measuring errors of the change rate and molten density which are measured by the self-designed instrument is nearly 1/20-1/50 of that measured by the refitted mandril thermal expansion instrument. The self-designed instrument and method have the advantages of simple structure, being easy to operate, extensive applicability for material, relatively high accuracy, and most importantly, temperature and sample vapor pressure have little effect on the measurement accuracy. The presented instrument and method solve the problems of complicated structure and procedures, and large measuring errors for the samples with high vapor pressure by existing installations.

Computation of compressible flows with high density ratio and pressure ratio

The WENO method, RKDG method, RKDG method with original ghost fluid method, and RKDG method with modified ghost fluid method are applied to singlemedium and two-medium air-air, air-liquid compressible flows with high density and pressure ratios： We also provide a numerical comparison and analysis for the above methods. Numerical results show that, compared with the other methods, the RKDG method with modified ghost fluid method can obtain high resolution results and the correct position of the shock, and the computed solutions are converged to the physical solutions as themesh is refined.

A mass-conserved multiphase lattice Boltzmann method based on high-order difference

The Z–S–C multiphase lattice Boltzmann model [Zheng, Shu, and Chew(ZSC), J. Comput. Phys. 218, 353(2006)]is favored due to its good stability, high efficiency, and large density ratio. However, in terms of mass conservation, this model is not satisfactory during the simulation computations. In this paper, a mass correction is introduced into the ZSC model to make up the mass leakage, while a high-order difference is used to calculate the gradient of the order parameter to improve the accuracy. To verify the improved model, several three-dimensional multiphase flow simulations are carried out,including a bubble in a stationary flow, the merging of two bubbles, and the bubble rising under buoyancy. The numerical simulations show that the results from the present model are in good agreement with those from previous experiments and simulations. The present model not only retains the good properties of the original ZSC model, but also achieves the mass conservation and higher accuracy.

基于深度学习SSD算法的高密度电法智能解译方法技术研究

高密度电法在探测灰岩区地下溶洞病害体方面得到广泛应用,但高密度电法反演结果依赖于初始模型,存在多解性,地质解译容易受专业人员主观因素影响。为此,本文从具有唯一性的视电阻率数据出发,研究了基于深度学习的SSD(Single Shot Multi-box Detector)目标检测算法的视电阻率异常智能解译方法技术。针对岩溶地质病害,设计了不同填充类型、形状、规模、数量的溶洞电性异常模型,利用Res2dmod软件进行视电阻率正演计算,构建了包含1400个样本的高密度电法视电阻率智能解译学习样本库(样本和标签)。基于TensorFlow框架,建立了基于深度学习SSD算法的高密度电法视电阻率异常智能解译方法技术,使用学习样本库训练网络权值,训练结束后对高密电法温纳装置视电阻率异常进行智能解译,单个视电阻率剖面异常智能解译耗时不到1 s,各类目标(填充型溶洞、未填充型溶洞)平均准确率为90.68%。研究结果表明:基于SSD算法的高密度电法视电阻率异常智能解译技术可显著提高高密度电法视电阻率解译效率,避免专业人员主观因素影响。

高密度电阻率法在复杂岩溶地区的应用研究

岩溶地区多存在塌陷安全隐患,严重影响工程建设及使用安全,因此准确探测岩溶的形态特征及填充性质在工程勘察中尤为重要。近年来,高密度电阻率法因其适应性强、采集效率高和显示直观的特点,已经成为岩溶探测的有效手段。本文引入反射系数K剖面法,通过分析其原理及发展,对比了与传统软件RES2DINV的处理效果。并以西南地区某机场工程为例,采用高密度电阻率法中不同装置类型、不同电极距对地下岩溶发育情况进行探测,通过对比分析得到适合该场区的探测方法和参数,同时结合钻孔资料进行综合解释,弥补由点到面的不足。通过本文的实践和验证,高密度电阻率法在复杂地形条件下探测岩溶发育有很好的反映,且斯伦贝谢装置的识别效果比温纳装置更佳,反射系数K剖面法处理后的剖面对岩溶形态特征刻画得更为清晰,为工程的后期勘察和资料处理以及防治措施提供了技术支撑,对于岩溶地区的地质勘察具有良好的应用和参考价值。

一种高密度织物的织物密度测试方法研究

对织物密度的定义和测试方法进行了简要阐述。针对高密度织物的织物密度,采用现有标准检测方法分辨困难而导致的检测难度较大的问题,提出一种全新的检测方法——显微镜法。该方法可以降低检测的错误率,提高检测效率,并且可以利用现有实验室设备完成检测,无需增加额外的仪器成本。

流-热-力耦合的高性能结构拓扑优化设计方法

拓扑优化和增材制造技术的快速发展为高性能复杂装备提供了高效的产品设计和制造方法。目前高性能结构拓扑优化只考虑热-力耦合或者流-热耦合的设计,且大多局限于简单结构,未考虑流-热-力三场共同作用下的设计,限制了结构性能的提升。针对流-热-力多物理场工况下的高性能复杂结构设计这一挑战,提出了一种流-热-力耦合拓扑优化方法,以提高复杂结构的承温能力。首先引入流场、温度场和结构位移场的控制方程,对计算域的流固材料进行统一表征;然后以最小化平均温度为目标,以流动能量耗散和结构柔度为约束,建立了流-热-力耦合的拓扑优化模型,并结合变分法和拉格朗日函数开展了设计变量的灵敏度分析;最后将所建立的拓扑优化模型应用于涡轮的结构设计,得到了散热性能良好、流道分布合理的可增材制造结构。

综合物探方法在碎屑岩地区找水中的应用——以云南宣威大路边村为例

为探索地球物理方法在碎屑地区找水应用的有效性,文章以云南宣威大路边村为研究对象,选取高密度电阻率法、联合剖面法、音频大地电磁法对碎屑岩层进行找水研究。结果表明:三叠系上统飞仙关组(T1f)碎屑岩富水性中等,含水性较均匀;受地面场地狭窄限制,高密度电法及联合剖面法测线长度有限,探测深度较浅,受碎屑岩电阻率小的影响,其找水应用效果不佳,在可探测的深度范围内较难识别基岩裂隙等找水有效异常,需结合其他物探方法甄别异常;音频大地电磁法找水应用效果相对较好,具有较高的横向分辨率,可有效识别碎屑岩中的断裂破碎带及构造裂隙带,表现为相对低阻异常特征;视电阻率单支测深曲线能有效分辨不同深度的岩土层结构,具有较高的纵向分辨率,对裂隙破碎带有较好指示意义。在地面场地较为狭窄的碎屑岩地区开展找水工作,音频大地电磁法结合视电阻单支测深曲线能取得较好效果,以音频大地电磁法确定碎屑岩地区中的裂隙发育带位置,以视电阻单支测深曲线确定裂隙发育带的深度。

高密度电法在汛期堤防渗漏隐患探测中的应用

汛期高水位、高渗透压力下,会造成堤防渗漏缺陷扩大或隐患加剧,快速、准确地开展堤防渗漏隐患应急排查,是指导科学防汛、保障安全度汛的重要举措。针对管涌、散浸、穿堤建筑物等渗漏缺陷及隐患,开展了高密度电法的场地试验,得到汛期堤岸的电性结构,通过比对试验,得到不同渗漏缺陷与无显著缺陷堤岸的电性差异,以此为基准,采用高密度电法对子牙河右堤天津静海段特别是子牙河汇入独流减河段进行隐患排查,划分了渗漏隐患区和潜在风险区,为保障海河流域“23·7”特大洪水期间堤防安全提供了重要技术支撑。

高密度电法在河北省青龙满族自治县某花岗岩矿区地质勘查中的应用

介绍了应用高密度电法在河北省青龙满族自治县青龙镇某花岗岩矿区工程勘察的案例。为指导该矿区开采,需查明矿区风化层厚度、基覆面分布、破碎裂隙情况等地质条件。在1号、2号、3号矿区分别开展了高密度电法测量,结合部分钻探地质资料,认为:1)矿区浅地表大部分基岩出露,土石层覆盖部分少、厚度小;2)山脊部位风化层总体较薄(3~10 m),沟谷部位风化层总体较厚(6~50 m);3)通过明显的低阻异常圈定了多处可能的基岩裂隙或破碎区,推测为后期岩浆岩侵入挤压所致。研究成果为该区下一步的安全开采提供了重要地质依据。

电磁冲击处理对M50轴承钢显微组织与强韧性的影响

建立了电-磁-热多场耦合的电磁冲击仿真模型,利用该模型预测了电磁冲击过程中试样表面的温度变化过程,分析了电磁冲击处理对材料强韧性的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和电子背散射衍射(EBSD)对材料内部微观结构和断口形貌进行了表征和分析。结果表明:该模型成功预测了电磁冲击过程中试样表面的温度变化过程,且预测值与测量值吻合良好;合适的电磁冲击处理工艺(EST2)可以使材料具有较好的综合力学性能且有效提高材料性能的一致性,在保持平均抗拉强度基本不变的前提下,试样的断后伸长率提高了17.2%,冲击韧性提高了5.5%,屈服强度和抗拉强度一致性分别提高了52.8%和59.9%,冲击韧性一致性提高了42.6%。

中国高技术产业创新质量的时空演化与分布动态

文章从创新投入质量、创新产出质量、创新转化质量与创新扩散质量4个维度切入,建立高技术产业创新质量评价指标体系,利用熵值法进行综合评分。基于2015—2022年我国30个省份的面板数据,采用Kernel密度估计法分析高技术产业创新质量的时空演变和动态分布特点。研究结果显示,高技术产业创新质量呈持续提升趋势。不同省份高技术产业创新质量表现出显著的阶梯分布特点;在地区层面体现出“东部地区>东北地区>中部地区>西部地区”的分布格局。高技术产业创新质量具有“高高”集聚与“低低”集聚特征;不同地区高技术产业创新质量表现出显著的空间差异,但总体上展现出差异缩小趋势。