Fault Detection Based on Incremental Locally Linear Embedding for Satellite TX-I

A fault detection method based on incremental locally linear embedding(LLE)is presented to improve fault detecting accuracy for satellites with telemetry data.Since conventional LLE algorithm cannot handle incremental learning,an incremental LLE method is proposed to acquire low-dimensional feature embedded in high-dimensional space.Then,telemetry data of Satellite TX-I are analyzed.Therefore,fault detection are performed by analyzing feature information extracted from the telemetry data with the statistical indexes T2 and squared prediction error(SPE)and SPE.Simulation results verify the fault detection scheme.

Three-dimensional Electromagnetic Characteristics Analysis of Novel Linear Synchronous Motor under Lateral and Yaw Conditions of MAGLEV

Dynamic stability analysis of superconducting electro-dynamic maglev train under lateral and yawing motion condition is the key research content.The novel three-dimensional electromagnetic model of integrated linear synchronous motor in electro-dynamic maglev train with yawing operation condition is proposed,which can not only simultaneously achieve the propulsion,levitation and guidance performances of maglev vehicle,but also analyze the dynamic stability performance of train with yawing condition.The three-dimensional analytical method is introduced for analyzing the electromagnetic force characteristics of the linear synchronous motor with the yawing operation condition.Firstly,the topology structure and operation principle of the linear synchronous motor with yawing attitude are proposed.Secondly,the three-dimensional analytical model and expressions of electromagnetic characteristics are obtained by equivalent circuit method and Fourier decomposition method,such as levitation force,guidance force,propulsion force and yawing torque,etc.Finally,the three-dimensional electromagnetic characteristics of the linear synchronous motor are calculated under yawing operation conditions of maglev train,and the correctness of the analytical theory is verified by the finite element analysis and measured data on the test line.

Effects of the initiation position on the damage and fracture characteristics of linear-charge blasting in rock

To study the effects of the initiation position on the damage and fracture characteristics of linear-charge blasting, blasting model experiments were conducted in this study using computed tomography scanning and three-dimensional reconstruction methods. The fractal damage theory was used to quantify the crack distribution and damage degree of sandstone specimens after blasting. The results showed that regardless of an inverse or top initiation, due to compression deformation and sliding frictional resistance, the plugging medium of the borehole is effective. The energy of the explosive gas near the top of the borehole is consumed. This affects the effective crushing of rocks near the top of the borehole, where the extent of damage to Sections Ⅰ and Ⅱ is less than that of Sections Ⅲ and Ⅳ. In addition, the analysis revealed that under conditions of top initiation, the reflected tensile damage of the rock at the free face of the top of the borehole and the compression deformation of the plug and friction consume more blasting energy, resulting in lower blasting energy efficiency for top initiation. As a result, the overall damage degree of the specimens in the top-initiation group was significantly smaller than that in the inverse-initiation group. Under conditions of inverse initiation, the blasting energy efficiency is greater, causing the specimen to experience greater damage. Therefore, in the engineering practice of rock tunnel cut blasting, to utilize blasting energy effectively and enhance the effects of rock fragmentation, using the inverse-initiation method is recommended. In addition, in three-dimensional(3D) rock blasting, the bottom of the borehole has obvious end effects under the conditions of inverse initiation, and the crack distribution at the bottom of the borehole is trumpet-shaped. The occurrence of an end effect in the 3D linear-charge blasting model experiment is related to the initiation position and the blocking condition.

Incremental Linear Discriminant Analysis Dimensionality Reduction and 3D Dynamic Hierarchical Clustering WSNs

Optimizing the sensor energy is one of the most important concern in Three-Dimensional(3D)Wireless Sensor Networks(WSNs).An improved dynamic hierarchical clustering has been used in previous works that computes optimum clusters count and thus,the total consumption of energy is optimal.However,the computational complexity will be increased due to data dimension,and this leads to increase in delay in network data transmission and reception.For solving the above-mentioned issues,an efficient dimensionality reduction model based on Incremental Linear Discriminant Analysis(ILDA)is proposed for 3D hierarchical clustering WSNs.The major objective of the proposed work is to design an efficient dimensionality reduction and energy efficient clustering algorithm in 3D hierarchical clustering WSNs.This ILDA approach consists of four major steps such as data dimension reduction,distance similarity index introduction,double cluster head technique and node dormancy approach.This protocol differs from normal hierarchical routing protocols in formulating the Cluster Head(CH)selection technique.According to node’s position and residual energy,optimal cluster-head function is generated,and every CH is elected by this formulation.For a 3D spherical structure,under the same network condition,the performance of the proposed ILDA with Improved Dynamic Hierarchical Clustering(IDHC)is compared with Distributed Energy-Efficient Clustering(DEEC),Hybrid Energy Efficient Distributed(HEED)and Stable Election Protocol(SEP)techniques.It is observed that the proposed ILDA based IDHC approach provides better results with respect to Throughput,network residual energy,network lifetime and first node death round.

INCREMENTAL AUGMENT ALGORITHM BASED ON REDUCED Q-MATRIX

Reduced Q-matrix （Qr matrix） plays an important role in the rule space model （RSM） and the attribute hierarchy method （AHM）. Based on the attribute hierarchy, a valid/invalid item is defined. The judgment method of the valid/invalid item is developed on the relation between reachability matrix and valid items. And valid items are explained from the perspective of graph theory. An incremental augment algorithm for constructing Qr matrix is proposed based on the idea of incremental forward regression, and its validity is theoretically considered. Results of empirical tests are given in order to compare the performance of the incremental augment algo-rithm and the Tatsuoka algorithm upon the running time. Empirical evidence shows that the algorithm outper-forms the Tatsuoka algorithm, and the analysis of the two algorithms also show linear growth with respect to the number of valid items. Mathematical models with 10 attributes are built for the two algorithms by the linear regression analysis.

Incremental Supervised Subspace Learning for Face Recognition

Subspace learning algorithms have been well studied in face recognition. Among them, linear discriminant analysis (LDA) is one of the most widely used supervised subspace learning method. Due to the difficulty of designing an incremental solution of the eigen decomposition on the product of matrices, there is little work for computing LDA incrementally. To avoid this limitation, an incremental supervised subspace learning (ISSL) algorithm was proposed, which incrementally learns an adaptive subspace by optimizing the maximum margin criterion (MMC). With the dynamically added face images, ISSL can effectively constrain the computational cost. Feasibility of the new algorithm has been successfully tested on different face data sets.

Instability in Three-Dimensional Magnetohydrodynamic Flows of an Electrically Conducting Fluid

The three-dimensional instability of an electrically conducting fluid between two parallel plates affected by an imposed transversal magnetic field is numerically investigated by a Chebyshev collocation method. The QZ method is utilized to obtain neutral curves of the linear instability. The details of instability are analyzed by solving the generalized Orr-Sommerfeld equation. The critical Reynolds number Rec, the stream-wise and span-wise critical wave numbers αc and βc are obtained for a wide range of Hartmann number Ha. The effects of Lorentz force and span-wise perturbation on three-dimensional instability are investigated. The results show that magnetic field would suppress the instability and critical Reynolds number tends to be larger than that for two-dimensional instability.

A Three-Dimensional Prediction Method for Thermal Diffusion

A three-dimensional, first order turbulence closure, thermal diffusion model is described in this paper. The governing equations consist of an equation of continuity, three components of momentum, conservation equations for salt, temperature and subgridscale energy, and an equation of state. In the model, according to the hypothesis of Kolmogorov and Prandtl, the viscosity coefficient of turbulent flow of homogeneous fluid is related to the local turbulent energy, and the horizontal and vertical exchange coefficients of mass, heat and momentum are computed with the introduction of subgridscale turbulence energy. The governing equations are solved by finite difference techniques. This model is applied to the Jiaozhou bay to predict thermal pollution by the Huangdao power plant. An instantaneous tidal current field is computed, then the distribution of temperature increment is predicted, and finally the effect of wind stress on thermal discharge is discussed.

Impact of a Three-Dimensional Reference State in a Global Semi-Implicit Semi-Lagrangian Non-Hydrostatic Atmospheric Model on Yin–Yang Grids

The definition of a reference state close to the realistic atmosphere in an atmospheric model is essential for deriving prognostic deviations and improving numerical accuracy.In this study,a new dynamical framework allowing easy switching between a one-dimensional(1D)and a three-dimensional(3D)time-independent reference state is developed for the semi-implicit semi-Lagrangian solver in a global non-hydrostatic atmospheric model on Yin–Yang grids.The 3D reference state is introduced with consideration of additional horizontal gradient terms of referencestate terms,which is different from the 1D reference state.It is characterized by reduced magnitude of deviations,more accurate pressure gradient force,as well as alleviated numerical noise.Four idealized benchmark tests and multiple full-physics real-case forecasts are carried out to assess the impact of the 3D and 1D reference states.The 3D reference state shows significant advantages in the simulation of atmospheric transport and wave propagation in the idealized experiments.In the real-case forecasts,batched forecasts from June to August 2021 show a comprehensive improvement in medium-range prediction by using the 3D reference state.The new scheme achieves an enhanced prediction skill for large-scale circulation and extends the effective forecast period by 0.8 days in the Northern Hemisphere.

The Effect of Water Saving and Production Increment by Drip Irrigation Schedules

Drip irrigation system can achieve high uniformity. When the system is designed for uniformity coefficient equal or more than 70%, the water application in the field can be expressed as a normal distribution and further simplified to a linear distribution. This paper will describe the irrigation scheduling parameters, percent of deficit, application efficiency and coefficient of variation by simple mathematical model. Using this effective model and the irrigation application, the total yield affected by the total water application for different uniformity of irrigation application can be determined. More over, this paper uses the cost of water, price of yield, uniformity of the drip irrigation system, crop response to water application and environmental concerns of pollution and contamination to determine the optimal irrigation schedule. A case study shows that the optimal irrigation schedule can achieve the effect of water saving and production increment compared with the conventional irrigation schedule in which the whole field is fully irrigated. Key words drip irrigation - linear cumulative frequency curve - optimal irrigation schedule - water saving - production increment CLC number TV 139.1 Foundation item: Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (59379407)Biography: QIU Yuan-feng (1973-), male, Ph. D, research direction: water saving irrigation theory and techniques.

Linear spatial instability analysis in 3D boundary layers using plane-marching 3D-LPSE

It is widely accepted that a robust and efficient method to compute the linear spatial amplified rate ought to be developed in three-dimensional （3D） boundary layers to predict the transition with the e^N method, especially when the boundary layer varies significantly in the spanwise direction. The 3D-linear parabolized stability equation （3D- LPSE） approach, a 3D extension of the two-dimensional LPSE （2D-LPSE）, is developed with a plane-marching procedure for investigating the instability of a 3D boundary layer with a significant spanwise variation. The method is suitable for a full Mach number region, and is validated by computing the unstable modes in 2D and 3D boundary layers, in both global and local instability problems. The predictions are in better agreement with the ones of the direct numerical simulation （DNS） rather than a 2D-eigenvalue problem （EVP） procedure. These results suggest that the plane-marching 3D-LPSE approach is a robust, efficient, and accurate choice for the local and global instability analysis in 2D and 3D boundary layers for all free-stream Mach numbers.

Linear stability theory with the equivalent spanwise wavenumber correction in 3D boundary layers

The prediction on small disturbance propagation in complex three-dimensional(3D) boundary layers is of great significance in transition prediction methodology, especially in the aircraft design. In this paper, the linear stability theory(LST) with the equivalent spanwise wavenumber correction(ESWC) is proposed in order to accurately predict the linear evolution of a disturbance in a kind of boundary layer flow with a vital variation in the spanwise direction. The LST with the ESWC takes not only the scale of the mean flow with the significant variation but also the wavenumber evolution of the disturbance itself. Compared with the conventional LST, the results obtained by the new method are in excellent agreement with those of the numerical simulations. The LST with the ESWC is an effective method on the prediction of the disturbance evolution in 3D boundary layers, which improves the prediction of the LST in the applications to complex 3D boundary layers greatly.

Gravity effect calculation of threedimensional linear density distribution andits application

An algorithm for calculating gravity effect of three-dimensional (3D) linear density distribution is presented in this paper. The linear continuous density distribution is represented with 3D grid model, which has a resemblance to the velocity model used in some seismic tomography codes. The consensus in representation method of density model and velocity model facilitates the seismic-gravity-integrated interpretation or simultaneous inversion. The numerical test of synthetic data shows that although the analytical gravity formula for linear density distribution is more complex than that for piecewise constant density distribution, it takes less time to calculate the gravity effect with linear density model than that with piecewise constant density model. In addition, this method is used in the integrated interpretation of 3D seismological tomography and gravity data in Dabie Mountain area.

湖南冬季积雪日数影响因子及其预测模型

基于湖南省89个气象观测站积雪气象观测资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料、Hadley中心月平均海温资料及ERA5逐月再分析表层土壤湿度资料,采用相关分析、年际增量法和多元线性回归等方法,研究了影响湖南冬季积雪日数的主要因子。结果表明,前期夏季东亚夏季风指数的年际增量、79月太平洋海温指数、10月AAO的年际增量和9月土壤湿度指数是湖南冬季积雪日数的4个关键影响因子。选取上述4个预报因子,建立了湖南冬季积雪日数年际增量统计预测模型。模型模拟效果较好,积雪日数年际增量拟合值和实况的相关系数为0.83,积雪日数距平拟合值与实况相关系数达0.77,通过了0.001的显著性水平检验。利用20102018年独立样本对模型进行检验,结果显示,积雪日数距平预测值与实况同号率为7/9。基于4个关键因子建立的全省逐站冬季积雪日数预测模型,时间相关系数检验表明,湘中一带模拟效果最好。

体外预应力UHPC梁预应力筋极限应力增量理论研究

为了解UHPC抗拉性能对体外预应力UHPC梁的影响,开展体外预应力UHPC梁受力至破坏全过程非线性分析,建立体外预应力UHPC梁预应力筋极限应力的计算方法和适用公式。首先在假定通长范围内体外预应力筋为常应变受力特性的前提下,采用迭代法精确求解体外预应力筋应变增量;然后编制体外预应力梁全过程非线性分析程序,并进行程序验证;最后参照国内外规范提出适用于体外预应力UHPC梁的预应力筋极限应力计算公式,以21根模拟体外预应力UHPC梁为研究对象,对比公式和非线性程序计算值。结果表明:体外预应力UHPC梁全过程非线性分析方法在计入UHPC抗拉性能的基础上精确考虑了体外预应力筋的受力特点,方法正确;考虑UHPC抗拉强度前、后计算所得的体外预应力筋极限应力增量相差2%~5%,说明UHPC的抗拉强度对体外预应力筋极限应力增量有一定影响;提出的公式具有一定的参考价值。

惠普忆阻电路的线性叠加分析

基于惠普(HP)忆阻器的元件特性,该文分析了惠普忆阻器的数学关系式,惠普忆阻元件的内部状态变量与忆阻阻值之间存在增量线性关系,在外加电压下惠普忆阻器阻值的变化可叠加,得出了惠普忆阻电路具有线性叠加性的结论。通过PSpice电路仿真验证上述结论的有效性和正确性,为叠加定理在含惠普忆阻器及线性元件的线性电路中的使用提供了理论分析支撑。

基于深度学习的学业预警研究

学生学业预警对于学生在校期间起着重要的监督作用,对于保障学生顺利完成学业有重要意义.目前学校应用数据量井喷式增长,学习规模不断扩大,大部分学习采用小数据进行建模预测,其预测错误明显高于基于大规模的模型.逐渐凸显出增量学习算法在优化训练过程、提升预测精确度上的优势.选取了优秀的增量学习算法,进行较为准确的学生学业综合测评情况,根据模型评估结果进行学业预警提示.在已知的学生数据集上,采用线性回归模型作为预测模型,较好地完成了学业预警系统模型设计.

基于正交迭代的增量LLE算法

LLE(Locally Linear Embedding)算法是一种较好的流形学习算法,但它只能以批处理的方式进行.只要有新的样本加入,就必须重作该算法的全部内容,而原处理结果被全部丢弃.本文提出了一种基于正交迭代的增量LLE算法,能有效地利用前面的处理结果,实现增量处理.实验表明该算法是有效的.

直线电机模糊增量PID控制算法的研究

直线电机在当今的控制设备中应用越来越广泛。深入研究了直线电机原理,建立了电流、位移的双闭环伺服直线电机控制模型。在控制模型的位移控制模块中,采用了模糊增量PID控制算法来实现对位置调节器进行参数自整定、自适应的控制。用Matlab的Simulink工具进行仿真,结果表明,相比传统的PID控制和增量PID控制,在位移控制上采用模糊增量PID控制能获得更好的动态和静态性能。

基于测量基准变换的增量直线式时栅传感器研究

针对目前绝对直线场式时栅无法满足全闭环数控系统要求的增量式直线位移反馈的问题,采用测量基准转换方式从时间域的角度处理绝对直线场式时栅的空间位移信息,运用时间序列算法分析绝对式时栅采样数据序列的内在相关性,建立自适应递推算法。通过时间触发采样将时栅传感器过去的测量数据作为样本集,递推时栅下一个采样时刻的位移,在下一个采样周期内将直线时栅的绝对位移代表的增量式时间脉冲通过脉宽调制的方式连续发出,实现绝对式直线时栅到增量式直线时栅位移传感器的转换设计。实验表明在76.604 mm的范围内增量式直线时栅位移传感器达到±2μm的测量精度。此研究可将原绝对式直线时栅位移传感器运用于全闭环增量式直线运动数控系统,具有重要现实意义。