We study the topological properties of magnon excitations in a wide class of three-dimensional （3D） honeycomb lattices with ferromagnetic ground states. It is found that they host nodal ring magnon excitations. Thes...We study the topological properties of magnon excitations in a wide class of three-dimensional （3D） honeycomb lattices with ferromagnetic ground states. It is found that they host nodal ring magnon excitations. These rings locate on the same plane in the momentum space. The nodal ring degeneracy can be lifted by the Dzyaloshinskii- Moriya interactions to form two Weyl points with opposite charges. We explicitly discuss these physics in the simplest 3D honeycomb lattice and the hyperhoneycomb lattice, and show drumhead and are surface states in the nodal ring and Weyl phases, respectively, due to the bulk-boundary correspondence.展开更多
The use of orbital angular momentum(OAM)as an independent dimension for information encryption has garnered considerable attention.However,the multiplexing capacity of OAM is limited,and there is a need for additional...The use of orbital angular momentum(OAM)as an independent dimension for information encryption has garnered considerable attention.However,the multiplexing capacity of OAM is limited,and there is a need for additional dimensions to enhance storage capabilities.We propose and implement orbital angular momentum lattice(OAML)multiplexed holography.The vortex lattice(VL)beam comprises three adjustable parameters:the rotation angle of the VL,the angle between the wave normal and the z axis,which determines the VL’s dimensions,and the topological charge.Both the rotation angle and the VL’s dimensions serve as supplementary encrypted dimensions,contributing azimuthally and radially,respectively.We investigate the mode selectivity of OAML and focus on the aforementioned parameters.Through experimental validation,we demonstrate the practical feasibility of OAML multiplexed holography across multiple dimensions.This groundbreaking development reveals new possibilities for the advancement of practical information encryption systems.展开更多
In this paper,the three-dimensional lattice kinetic scheme is presented to simulate incompressible viscous thermal flows.As compared with the standard LBM,the present scheme has the following good features.It can save...In this paper,the three-dimensional lattice kinetic scheme is presented to simulate incompressible viscous thermal flows.As compared with the standard LBM,the present scheme has the following good features.It can save the computer memory since there is no need to store the density distributions.Like the conventional NS solvers,the implementation of boundary conditions is straightforward since the dependent variables are the macroscopic flow parameters.The easy implementation of boundary conditions is a good property for solving three-dimensional flow problems.The present scheme is validated by simulating the three-dimensional natural convection in an air-filled cubical enclosure,which is heated differentially at two vertical side walls.The obtained numerical results compare very well with available data in the literature.展开更多
栅格正交频分复用(Lattice Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,LOFDM)系统凭借特殊的网格时频结构和更大的欧式距离特性,在快速移动环境下展现了卓越的抗时变、抗多径能力。最大多普勒扩展作为LOFDM系统自适应策略的重要参数...栅格正交频分复用(Lattice Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,LOFDM)系统凭借特殊的网格时频结构和更大的欧式距离特性,在快速移动环境下展现了卓越的抗时变、抗多径能力。最大多普勒扩展作为LOFDM系统自适应策略的重要参数之一,准确的最大多普勒扩展估计对于LOFDM系统发送信号设计以及自适应策略实现十分重要。本文针对LOFDM系统的特殊信号结构以及双散射信道的快时变特性,采用DFT-BEM信道模型近似快时变信道响应,结合快时变信道下LOFDM系统块传输接收实现,利用梳状导频辅助估计多普勒域平均信道频率响应,在此基础上利用信道响应估计值的时间相关函数实现基于F范数的信道最大多普勒扩展估计;并提出基于子空间的最大多普勒扩展估计算法,降低了噪声对最大多普勒扩展估计性能的影响,在低信噪比条件下有效改善了估计性能。展开更多
利用网格正交频分复用(LOFDM:Lattice O rthogonal Frequency D ivision Mu ltip lexing)可使系统的频谱利用率比采用脉冲成形OFDM(O rthogonal Frequency D ivision Mu ltip lexing)技术时更高,但带来实现上的复杂化。为此,在对LOFDM...利用网格正交频分复用(LOFDM:Lattice O rthogonal Frequency D ivision Mu ltip lexing)可使系统的频谱利用率比采用脉冲成形OFDM(O rthogonal Frequency D ivision Mu ltip lexing)技术时更高,但带来实现上的复杂化。为此,在对LOFDM信号结构进行分析的基础上,给出了LOFDM系统调制解调器的有效实现。该方法先利用信号的反傅立叶变换(IFFT:Inverse Fast FourierTransform),可方便地分解出奇偶下标信号的反傅立叶变换的特点,把LOFDM系统的实现简化为一个脉冲成形OFDM系统的实现,再参考脉冲成形OFDM系统的有效实现方法,从而简化了系统结构。与已有方法相比,在成形脉冲是实序列时,计算量上,每个LOFDM符号周期减少4(Lg-N)次实乘和4Lg-6N实加;存储量上,发送端和接收端从分别存储两个长Lg的成形脉冲减少为发送端存储一个长Lg的成形脉冲,接收端存储一个长Lg的成形脉冲和一个长N/2的序列e-j2πn/N。展开更多
In this paper, the effects of different surface properties on the growth of frost layer were numerically studied from the mesoscopic scale using the lattice Boltzmann method. The improved enthalpy method and nucleatio...In this paper, the effects of different surface properties on the growth of frost layer were numerically studied from the mesoscopic scale using the lattice Boltzmann method. The improved enthalpy method and nucleation probability model were combined to establish a three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann model based on nucleation probability theory. The model was used to carry out numerical research on frost layer formation and growth process on cold wall surface. The model could not only simulate the gradual densification and thickening process of frost layer growth from the macro scale, but also describe the change process of the frost layer structure caused by ice branch growth on the micro scale. The average thickness, average density and the amount of the frost layer could be obtained. Through this model, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the topography of the frost layer were obtained. The model was used to analyze the effects of cold wall surface temperature, relative humidity and cold surface wettability on the frosting characteristics. The average thickness, frost average density, frost quality and average solid volume fraction of frost at different times were obtained by calculation.展开更多
作为仍将在5G中发挥重要作用的正交频分复用技术(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM),由于存在峰均比较高的问题将限制其进一步发展。SLM算法作为降低峰均比的重要手段,仍存在带外干扰及高峰值无法完全滤除等缺点。针对...作为仍将在5G中发挥重要作用的正交频分复用技术(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,OFDM),由于存在峰均比较高的问题将限制其进一步发展。SLM算法作为降低峰均比的重要手段,仍存在带外干扰及高峰值无法完全滤除等缺点。针对上述问题,提出了基于全程耦合映像格子(Globally Couple Map Lattices,GCML)的SLMRCF联合算法,该算法充分利用GCML良好的相关性、正交性及非周期性对SLM算法进行改进,提高其抗干扰的能力,并结合迭代限幅滤波算法进一步滤除较高的峰值。理论分析和仿真结论显示,利用联合算法能够降低带外干扰的影响进一步降低峰均比,同时能够降低系统误码率,提高系统的可靠性。展开更多
We design a compact triplexer based on two-dimensional （2D） hexagonal lattice photonic crystals （PCs）. A folded directional coupler （FDC） is introduced in the triplexer beside the point-defect micro-cavities and...We design a compact triplexer based on two-dimensional （2D） hexagonal lattice photonic crystals （PCs）. A folded directional coupler （FDC） is introduced in the triplexer beside the point-defect micro-cavities and line-defect waveguides. Because of the reflection feedback of the FDC, high channel drop efficiency can be realized and a compact size with the order of micrometers can be maintained. The proposed device is analyzed using the plane wave expansion method, and its transmission characteristics are calculated using the finite-difference time-domain method. The footprint of the triplexer is about 12 9 μm, and its extinction ratios are less than -20 dB for 1310 nm, approximately -20 dB for 1490 nm, and under -40 dB for 1550 nm, making it a potentially essential device in future fiber-to-the-home networks.展开更多
By using the lattice model combined with finite element methods andstatistical techniques, a numerical approach is developed to establish mechanical models ofthree-dimensional heterogeneous brittle materials. A specia...By using the lattice model combined with finite element methods andstatistical techniques, a numerical approach is developed to establish mechanical models ofthree-dimensional heterogeneous brittle materials. A special numerical code is introduced, in whicha lattice model and statistical approaches are used to simulate the initial heterogeneity ofmaterial properties. The size of displacement-load step is adap-tively determined so that only fewelements would fail in each load step. When the tensile principal strain in an element exceeds theultimate strain of this element, the element is considered broken and its Young's modulus is set tobe very low. Some important behaviors of heterogeneous brittle materials are indicated using thiscode. Load-displacement curves and figures of three-dimensional fracture patterns are alsonumerically obtained, which are similar to those observed in laboratory tests.展开更多
This article presents a procedure for electromagnetic field and polarization control with antennas. The concept previously introduced by the authors for spatially distributed three-dimensional electromagnetic polariza...This article presents a procedure for electromagnetic field and polarization control with antennas. The concept previously introduced by the authors for spatially distributed three-dimensional electromagnetic polarization (as time varies) is discussed and extended also to include non-ideal antennas and the control of electromagnetic field distributions (at a given instant of time). These polarizations and fields are herein referred to as “3D”, although time is also inherent to them. Even that the main objective is to introduce a mathematically/numerically consistent synthesis technique for controlling the 3D electromagnetic fields and polarizations, an effort is made to present and discuss possible applications, including but not limited to torus-knotted distributions and spatial multiplexing for transmission of information in wireless digital communication systems.展开更多
The karst cave serves as the primary storage space in carbonate reservoirs.Simultaneously connecting multiple karst caves through hydraulic fracturing is key to the efficient development of carbonate reservoirs.Howeve...The karst cave serves as the primary storage space in carbonate reservoirs.Simultaneously connecting multiple karst caves through hydraulic fracturing is key to the efficient development of carbonate reservoirs.However,there is lack of systematic research on the mechanisms and influencing factors of fracture propagation in car-bonate rocks.This paper established models including karst cave models,single natural fracture-cave models,and multiple natural fracture-cave models based on the discrete lattice method.It thoroughly studied how geological and operational factors affect the fracture propagation and the connectivity of karst caves.The final step involved establishing a prototype well model and optimizing operation parameters.The research indicates that an increase in the Young's modulus and pore pressure of karst cave could facilitate hydraulic fracture connecting with caves.When the pore pressure is lower than that in the matrix,it will generate a repulsive effect on hydraulic fractures.The natural fracture along the hydraulic fracture path significantly facilitates the connection with caves.When the wellbore azimuth is less than 60℃,the fracture's diversion radius is small,and hydraulic fractures primarily connect with karst cave through natural fractures.When the wellbore azimuth exceeds 60℃,the fracture's diversion radius increases.Under the combined action of hydraulic fractures and natural fractures,the stimulated volume of the karst cave noticeably increases.Under the same liquid volume,increasing the injection rate could enhance the cave stimulated volume.Combining the findings from numerical simulation studies resulted in the development of a diagram that depicts the connectivity of karst caves,providing valuable insight for hydraulic fracturing operations in carbonate reservoirs.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China under Grant No 2015CB921300the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11334012the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No XDB07000000
文摘We study the topological properties of magnon excitations in a wide class of three-dimensional （3D） honeycomb lattices with ferromagnetic ground states. It is found that they host nodal ring magnon excitations. These rings locate on the same plane in the momentum space. The nodal ring degeneracy can be lifted by the Dzyaloshinskii- Moriya interactions to form two Weyl points with opposite charges. We explicitly discuss these physics in the simplest 3D honeycomb lattice and the hyperhoneycomb lattice, and show drumhead and are surface states in the nodal ring and Weyl phases, respectively, due to the bulk-boundary correspondence.
基金supported by the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research (Grant No.2020B0301030009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.61935013,62375181,and 61975133)+1 种基金the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (Grant No.JCYJ20200109114018750)the Shenzhen Peacock Plan (Grant No.KQTD20170330110444030).
文摘The use of orbital angular momentum(OAM)as an independent dimension for information encryption has garnered considerable attention.However,the multiplexing capacity of OAM is limited,and there is a need for additional dimensions to enhance storage capabilities.We propose and implement orbital angular momentum lattice(OAML)multiplexed holography.The vortex lattice(VL)beam comprises three adjustable parameters:the rotation angle of the VL,the angle between the wave normal and the z axis,which determines the VL’s dimensions,and the topological charge.Both the rotation angle and the VL’s dimensions serve as supplementary encrypted dimensions,contributing azimuthally and radially,respectively.We investigate the mode selectivity of OAML and focus on the aforementioned parameters.Through experimental validation,we demonstrate the practical feasibility of OAML multiplexed holography across multiple dimensions.This groundbreaking development reveals new possibilities for the advancement of practical information encryption systems.
文摘In this paper,the three-dimensional lattice kinetic scheme is presented to simulate incompressible viscous thermal flows.As compared with the standard LBM,the present scheme has the following good features.It can save the computer memory since there is no need to store the density distributions.Like the conventional NS solvers,the implementation of boundary conditions is straightforward since the dependent variables are the macroscopic flow parameters.The easy implementation of boundary conditions is a good property for solving three-dimensional flow problems.The present scheme is validated by simulating the three-dimensional natural convection in an air-filled cubical enclosure,which is heated differentially at two vertical side walls.The obtained numerical results compare very well with available data in the literature.
文摘栅格正交频分复用(Lattice Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing,LOFDM)系统凭借特殊的网格时频结构和更大的欧式距离特性,在快速移动环境下展现了卓越的抗时变、抗多径能力。最大多普勒扩展作为LOFDM系统自适应策略的重要参数之一,准确的最大多普勒扩展估计对于LOFDM系统发送信号设计以及自适应策略实现十分重要。本文针对LOFDM系统的特殊信号结构以及双散射信道的快时变特性,采用DFT-BEM信道模型近似快时变信道响应,结合快时变信道下LOFDM系统块传输接收实现,利用梳状导频辅助估计多普勒域平均信道频率响应,在此基础上利用信道响应估计值的时间相关函数实现基于F范数的信道最大多普勒扩展估计;并提出基于子空间的最大多普勒扩展估计算法,降低了噪声对最大多普勒扩展估计性能的影响,在低信噪比条件下有效改善了估计性能。
文摘利用网格正交频分复用(LOFDM:Lattice O rthogonal Frequency D ivision Mu ltip lexing)可使系统的频谱利用率比采用脉冲成形OFDM(O rthogonal Frequency D ivision Mu ltip lexing)技术时更高,但带来实现上的复杂化。为此,在对LOFDM信号结构进行分析的基础上,给出了LOFDM系统调制解调器的有效实现。该方法先利用信号的反傅立叶变换(IFFT:Inverse Fast FourierTransform),可方便地分解出奇偶下标信号的反傅立叶变换的特点,把LOFDM系统的实现简化为一个脉冲成形OFDM系统的实现,再参考脉冲成形OFDM系统的有效实现方法,从而简化了系统结构。与已有方法相比,在成形脉冲是实序列时,计算量上,每个LOFDM符号周期减少4(Lg-N)次实乘和4Lg-6N实加;存储量上,发送端和接收端从分别存储两个长Lg的成形脉冲减少为发送端存储一个长Lg的成形脉冲,接收端存储一个长Lg的成形脉冲和一个长N/2的序列e-j2πn/N。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1633111, 51206179)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (3122017036, 3122017040)supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (ZYGX2018044)
文摘In this paper, the effects of different surface properties on the growth of frost layer were numerically studied from the mesoscopic scale using the lattice Boltzmann method. The improved enthalpy method and nucleation probability model were combined to establish a three-dimensional lattice Boltzmann model based on nucleation probability theory. The model was used to carry out numerical research on frost layer formation and growth process on cold wall surface. The model could not only simulate the gradual densification and thickening process of frost layer growth from the macro scale, but also describe the change process of the frost layer structure caused by ice branch growth on the micro scale. The average thickness, average density and the amount of the frost layer could be obtained. Through this model, the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of the topography of the frost layer were obtained. The model was used to analyze the effects of cold wall surface temperature, relative humidity and cold surface wettability on the frosting characteristics. The average thickness, frost average density, frost quality and average solid volume fraction of frost at different times were obtained by calculation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 60978010, 60907032, and 60825103)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (No. Y1090169)+1 种基金the Foundation of Zhejiang University of Technology (No. 0901103012408)the Open Fund of the State Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communication Systems and Networks, China (No. 2008sh07)
文摘We design a compact triplexer based on two-dimensional （2D） hexagonal lattice photonic crystals （PCs）. A folded directional coupler （FDC） is introduced in the triplexer beside the point-defect micro-cavities and line-defect waveguides. Because of the reflection feedback of the FDC, high channel drop efficiency can be realized and a compact size with the order of micrometers can be maintained. The proposed device is analyzed using the plane wave expansion method, and its transmission characteristics are calculated using the finite-difference time-domain method. The footprint of the triplexer is about 12 9 μm, and its extinction ratios are less than -20 dB for 1310 nm, approximately -20 dB for 1490 nm, and under -40 dB for 1550 nm, making it a potentially essential device in future fiber-to-the-home networks.
文摘By using the lattice model combined with finite element methods andstatistical techniques, a numerical approach is developed to establish mechanical models ofthree-dimensional heterogeneous brittle materials. A special numerical code is introduced, in whicha lattice model and statistical approaches are used to simulate the initial heterogeneity ofmaterial properties. The size of displacement-load step is adap-tively determined so that only fewelements would fail in each load step. When the tensile principal strain in an element exceeds theultimate strain of this element, the element is considered broken and its Young's modulus is set tobe very low. Some important behaviors of heterogeneous brittle materials are indicated using thiscode. Load-displacement curves and figures of three-dimensional fracture patterns are alsonumerically obtained, which are similar to those observed in laboratory tests.
文摘This article presents a procedure for electromagnetic field and polarization control with antennas. The concept previously introduced by the authors for spatially distributed three-dimensional electromagnetic polarization (as time varies) is discussed and extended also to include non-ideal antennas and the control of electromagnetic field distributions (at a given instant of time). These polarizations and fields are herein referred to as “3D”, although time is also inherent to them. Even that the main objective is to introduce a mathematically/numerically consistent synthesis technique for controlling the 3D electromagnetic fields and polarizations, an effort is made to present and discuss possible applications, including but not limited to torus-knotted distributions and spatial multiplexing for transmission of information in wireless digital communication systems.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52074332).
文摘The karst cave serves as the primary storage space in carbonate reservoirs.Simultaneously connecting multiple karst caves through hydraulic fracturing is key to the efficient development of carbonate reservoirs.However,there is lack of systematic research on the mechanisms and influencing factors of fracture propagation in car-bonate rocks.This paper established models including karst cave models,single natural fracture-cave models,and multiple natural fracture-cave models based on the discrete lattice method.It thoroughly studied how geological and operational factors affect the fracture propagation and the connectivity of karst caves.The final step involved establishing a prototype well model and optimizing operation parameters.The research indicates that an increase in the Young's modulus and pore pressure of karst cave could facilitate hydraulic fracture connecting with caves.When the pore pressure is lower than that in the matrix,it will generate a repulsive effect on hydraulic fractures.The natural fracture along the hydraulic fracture path significantly facilitates the connection with caves.When the wellbore azimuth is less than 60℃,the fracture's diversion radius is small,and hydraulic fractures primarily connect with karst cave through natural fractures.When the wellbore azimuth exceeds 60℃,the fracture's diversion radius increases.Under the combined action of hydraulic fractures and natural fractures,the stimulated volume of the karst cave noticeably increases.Under the same liquid volume,increasing the injection rate could enhance the cave stimulated volume.Combining the findings from numerical simulation studies resulted in the development of a diagram that depicts the connectivity of karst caves,providing valuable insight for hydraulic fracturing operations in carbonate reservoirs.
