Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Three-dimensional (3D) Complex Mn(H_2O)_2(HNic)_2 (HNic=2-Hydroxynicotinic Acid)

The title complex Mn（H2O）2（HNic）2 （C22H12MnN2O8, Mr = 367.18） crystallizes in monoclinic, space group P21/c with a = 7.5735（8）, b = 12.5295（13）, c = 7.6466（8）A.β = 101.2790（10）°, Z = 2, V= 711.59（13） A^3, D, = 1.714 g/cm^3,μ（MoKa） = 0.974 mm^-1, F（000） = 374, R1 （1255 observed reflections （Ⅰ 〉 2σ（Ⅰ）） = 0.0250） and wR2 = 0.0662 （all data）. In this paper, we report the complexation of Mn（Ⅱ） by the bidentate ligand 2-hydroxynicotinic acid （HNic）. In the crystal the Mn（Ⅱ） ion exhibits a deformed octahedron structure. The title complex Mn（H2O）2（HNic）2 has a three-dimensional （3D） network structure extended by hydrogen bonds, which are formed by two typical eight-membered hydrogen-bonded rings.

Three-dimensionally interconnected Co9S8/MWCNTs composite cathode host for lithium–sulfur batteries

Several challenging issues,such as the poor conductivity of sulfur,shuttle effects,large volume change of cathode,and the dendritic lithium in anode,have led to the low utilization of sulfur and hampered the commercialization of lithium–sulfur batteries.In this study,a novel three-dimensionally interconnected network structure comprising Co9 S8 and multiwalled carbon nanotubes(MWCNTs)was synthesized by a solvothermal route and used as the sulfur host.The assembled batteries delivered a specific capacity of1154 m Ah g-1 at 0.1 C,and the retention was 64%after 400 cycles at 0.5 C.The polar and catalytic Co9 S8 nanoparticles have a strong adsorbent effect for polysulfide,which can effectively reduce the shuttling effect.Meanwhile,the three-dimensionally interconnected CNT networks improve the overall conductivity and increase the contact with the electrolyte,thus enhancing the transport of electrons and Li ions.Polysulfide adsorption is greatly increased with the synergistic effect of polar Co9 S8 and MWCNTs in the three-dimensionally interconnected composites,which contributes to their promising performance for the lithium–sulfur batteries.

Preparation and Crystal Structure of Sarcosine 5-Nitrosalicylic Acid Organic Adduct

The title compound (C10H12N2O7, Mr = 272.22) crystallizes in triclinic, space group P1 with a = 5.532(2), b = 9.760(4), c = 11.731(5) ?, α = 68.107(7), β = 89.179(7), γ = 77.830(7)o, V = 573.1(4) ?3, Z = 2, Dc = 1.578 g/cm3, F(000) = 284 and μ(MoKa) = 0.136 mm-1. The final R = 0.0400 and wR = 0.0951 for 1468 observed reflections with I > 2σ(I). The title compound is a 1:1 adduct of sarcosine and 5-nitrosalicylic acid. The nitrogen atom of sarcosine is protonated, and the proton is from the carboxyl group of sarcosine and 5-nitrosalicylic acid with the probability of 50 percent for each. The 5-nitrosalicylic acid and sarcosine molecule of the title adduct are ABAB arranged along the c axis. There exist a lot of hydrogen bonds in the structure, linking sarcosine and 5-nitrosalicylic acid to form a three-dimensional network.

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New Sandwich-type Molybdenum Phosphate

The crystal structure of the title compound, [enH2][Fe{MoⅤ6O12(OH)3(HPO4)- (H2PO4)3}2]6en6H2O (en = H2NCH2CH2NH2), hydrothermally synthesized from a mixture of Na2MoO42H2O, Fe2(SO4)3, H3PO4, H2N(CH2)2NH2 and water, has been determined by single- crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal is of triclinic, space group P?with a = 11.9014(1), b = 13.4246(2), c = 13.8719(2) , a = 87.465(1), b = 69.981(1), g = 64.960(1)? V = 1873.46(4) 3, Z = 1, Mr = 2997.89, F(000) = 1466, m = 2.427 mm-1 and Dc = 2.657 g/cm3. The final R = 0.0404 for 5570 observed reflections (I > 2s(I)). The structural analysis reveals that each cluster anion contains two coplanar {Mo6} rings of six edge-sharing Mo(O5OH) octahedra, and the two {Mo6} rings are linked together through one octahedral FeⅡ ion to generate a sandwich-type cluster with rigorous () symmetry. Moreover, these clusters are further linked into a three-dimensional frame- work by hydrogen bonds.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of O-Ethyl-N- (2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl)-thiocarbamate

The crystal and molecular structures of O-ethyl-N-(2,3,4-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-xylopyranosyl)-thiocarbamate were determined by X-ray crystallography. It crystallizes in the orthorhombic system with space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), lattice parameters a=0.90636(18) nm, b=0.94716(19) nm, c=2.1855(4) nm, V=1.8762(7) nm 3, and Z=4. All the substituents are in equatorial positions. There are four intramolecular interactions, each forming a five-membered ring. The molecules are linked by interactions to form three-dimensional framework. Atoms O6 and O8 show positional disorder.

Synthesis of novel hierarchical porous polymers with a nanowire-interconnected network structure from core-shell polymer nanoobjects

Design and fabrication of the micro/nanostructures of the network units is a critical issue for porous nanonetwork structured materials. Significant progress has been attained in construction of the network units with zero-dimensional spherical shapes.However, owing to the limitations of synthetic methods, construction of porous building blocks in one dimension featuring high aspect ratios for porous nanonetwork structured polymer(PNSP) remains largely unexplored. Here we present the successful design and preparation of PNSP with a novel type of one-dimensional network unit, i.e., microporous heterogeneous nanowire. Well-defined core-shell polymer nanoobjects prepared from a gelable block copolymer, poly(3-(triethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate)-block-polystyrene are employed as building blocks, and facilely transformed into PNSP via hypercrosslinking of polystyrene shell. The as-prepared PNSP exhibits unique three-dimensional hierarchical nanonetwork morphologies with large surface area. These findings could provide a new avenue for fabrication of unique well-defined PNSP, and thus generate valuable breakthroughs in many applications.

The three-dimensional structure and the relationship between external and internal vascularizations in the brain of rat embryos

Background There have been no detailed reports of the three-dimensional structure and the relationship between the external and internal vascularizations observed successively for a long duration in the rat fetus, although many authors have studied the vascular morphology of the developing brain. This study examined the three-dimensional structure of both the external and internal vascularizations of the prenatal rat telencephalon from embryonic days 12 (E12) to 20 (E20).Method A microvascular casting method for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used in this study, along with vascular staining using gold-gelatine solution-autometallography (GGS-AMG) after intravascular injection of colloidal gold, as well as hematoxylin-eosin ( HE) staining for paraffin embedded specimens.Results In GGS-AMG stains, E16 fetuses had a few short perforating cortical blood vessels (SPCVs); E17 fetuses had long perforating cortico-medullary vessels (LPCVs). Older fetuses had specific patterns of vascular networks in the cortex and the deeper subcortical part of the telencephalon. In the cortex, fine longitudinal blood vessels were connected by transverse channels. The deep telencephalon had fine blood vessels running in all directions. Using SEM, the external vascularization was already visible in E12 fetuses as arborizations of arterial branches, forming a mesh of fine vascular networks covering the telencephalon. A coralliform fine venous plexus was observed in the external vascularization of E16 fetuses. There were ring-like anastomoses and bud-like protrusions in the network of small blood vessels, most likely the angiogenesis of fetal vessels. From E12 to E16, an immature and incomplete internal vascularization began to appear. There were short blood vessels with ballooned terminals branching from the external vascularization. They penetrated the brain tissue to form networks in the superficial layer, comparable to SPCVs. In E17 to E20 fetuses, tortuous venous branches, straight arterial blood vessels, and a fine network of small blood vessels formed the external vascularization. There were fewer arterial than venous branches connecting to the fine networks of small blood vessels. LPCVs were noted at E17, at the time the white matter emerged. They branched from the external vascularization, and perpendicularly penetrated the brain surface, traversing the cortical plate, and entering into the deep brain. At E17, arterial and venous blood vessels could be clearly distinguished in the external vascularization. At E20, the cortex and white matter contained specific arrangements of networks of fine blood vessels, as seen by GGS-AMG staining.Conclusion These findings show that the development of both the external and internalvascularization follows the development of thetelencephalon. In particular, the emergence ofthe cortical plate and white matter on E16 andE17 influence the development of both theinternal and the external vascularization. Thelaminal arrangement of blood vessels was notobserved corresponding to the respective laminalneuronal layers.

用于苯部分加氢制环己烯的Pd-Co/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)深度脱硫剂制备与性能评价

采用液相原位还原法制备三维纳米网状结构的Pd-Co/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)脱硫剂,并用于苯深度脱硫反应体系。通过XRD、SEM、TEM等对催化剂的组成、结构和形貌进行表征,对比不同物质的量比Pd-Co/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)脱硫剂对苯深度脱硫反应的影响。结果表明,具有三维网状结构的Pd-Co/γ-Al_(2)O_(3)脱硫剂,可显著提高脱硫剂的比表面积,使其表面活性位点变多。同时,生成的Pd-Co固溶体具有双金属协同吸附作用,改善了脱硫剂的脱硫性能,因此在大幅减少贵金属Pd用量前提下,脱硫剂硫容提高了37%。

Pd-Ni/γ-Al_2O_3吸附剂的制备及其苯吸附脱硫性能研究

针对市售Pd吸附脱硫剂成本高、深度脱硫效果偏低的现状,本文以改性γ-Al_2O_3为载体,采用液相原位还原法制备出一种低成本、高脱硫能力的负载型三维纳米线网状结构的Pd-Ni吸附剂。利用XRD、TEM、SEM、BET等对样品的组成、结构和形貌进行表征,并利用催化剂评价装置和GC-MS考察了不同原子比的Pd-Ni/γ-Al_2O_3吸附剂对苯的脱硫效果。结果表明:Pd-Ni纳米线直径为4～5 nm,长达数微米,纳米线与Al_2O_3载体紧密结合,形成负载型三维网状结构吸附剂(活性组分质量分数为1%)。当Pd∶Ni原子比为1∶1时,经0.5 h吸附脱硫后可使苯原料中噻吩含量由300μg/L降至10μg/L以下,脱硫率达95%以上,是工业Pd/Al_2O_3(69.2%)的1.40倍,吸附剂中Pd的使用量约减少50%,极大降低了生产成本。本方法制备工艺简单,可控度高,为高效苯深度脱硫吸附剂的研发提供了理论依据和技术支持,具有重要的指导意义。

具有碳化硅纳米线编织结构的氧化铝泡沫陶瓷的制备及性能研究

本文利用简单、高效的浆料直接发泡法制备气孔率高达96%的Al_(2)O_(3)/Si泡沫陶瓷,并选用简便、易行的焦炭埋烧工艺在Al_(2)O_(3)/Si泡沫陶瓷坯体中生长出大量SiC纳米线。通过控制烧结温度来观察分析SiC纳米线的生长形貌变化。采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪、BET比表面积测试仪、电子万能试验机等对泡沫陶瓷的微观结构、物相组成、比表面积、气孔率、抗压强度、热导率进行分析与表征。结果表明,1450℃烧结时得到的SiC纳米线最多,纳米线在泡沫陶瓷孔壁交织缠绕。同时观察到SiC纳米线的存在改变了氧化铝泡沫陶瓷固有的脆性断裂模式,SiC纳米线可有效促进泡沫陶瓷在压缩过程中的裂纹偏转。本实验制备了一种新型的纳米线缠绕在孔壁上的三维网络结构的泡沫陶瓷,为在泡沫陶瓷内部原位生长SiC纳米线提供了新的方法,更好地拓展了泡沫陶瓷在环境过滤、催化剂载体等领域中的应用。

Aligned Ni nanowires towards highly stretchable electrode

Easy fabrication of super-stretchable electrodes can pave the way for smart and wearable electronics.Using drop casting unidirectional nickel nanowires with polyurethane matrix,we fabricated a super-stretchable film with high electric conductivity.The as-fabricated film can withstand a 300%tensile strain in the direction perpendicular to nanowires,owing to the transformation of percolating nanowire network from 2D to 3D.In contrast to the decreased film conductivities under large tension in most stretchable electrodes,which usually associate with fractures and irreversible deformations,our film conductivity can increase with the applied strain.This probably benefits from the enhanced electrical contacts between twisted nanowires under tension.The developed super-stretchable film with unprecedented behavior in this work sheds light on the facile fabrication of super-stretchable electrodes with durable performance.

Nano-size carbide-reinforced Ni matrix composite prepared by selective laser melting

Thermally stable nano-size ceramic particles are the preferred reinforcements for superalloys as they improve the alloys'microstructural stability and high-temperature properties.In this work,very dense and crack-free carbidereinforced GTD222(nickel-based superalloy)composites were prepared via selective laser melting(SLM).The distribution of TiC nanoparticles presents a three-dimensional(3D)network structure in the SLMed TiC/GTD222 composite.Mechanical testing revealed that the SLMed TiC/GTD222 composite has superior strength(UTS?1320 MPa,YS?1100 MPa)compared to the SLMed GTD222 superalloy.The GTD22 alloy reinforced with carbide nanoparticles’distinctive microstructure and its excellent mechanical properties for is discussed.

[Na_4(H_2O)_7][Fe(OH)_6Mo_6O_(18)]: a new [12] metallacrown-6 structure with an octahedrally coordinated iron at the center

The reaction of an aqueous solution of sodium molybdate with iron powder at low pH (～0.184) gives rise to the formation of a six-member Mo ring-shape cluster with an Fe (II) encapsulated at the center, [Na4(H2O)7][Fe(OH)6Mo6O18](1), which is further linked to a remarkable three-dimensional network via sodium ions.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New Diamine Complex CuCl_4(H_2tn)

In an attempt to synthesize a new pyrimidine complex of copper(II) in a solution reaction of CuBr2 with 2,2'-bis(hexahydropyrimidine) and hydro-chloric acid, we unexpectedly obtained a bright yellow chip-like crystal of CuCl4(H2tn) [H2tn=(H3NCH2CH2CH2NH3)2+]. Its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal belongs to orthorhombic system, space group Pnma, with cell parameters: a=0.7216(2) nm, b=1.8308(6) nm, c=0.7553(3) nm, V=0.9953(6) nm3, Z=4, F(000)=564, Mr=281.49, Dc=1.879 g/cm3. (Mo Ka)=3.204 mm-1, R1=0.0248, wR2=0.0575. The analysis of the crystal structure indicates that the complex has a three-dimensional network structure, which is formed by hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interaction.

Synthesis and crystal structure of heteronuclear La(Ⅲ)-Cu(Ⅱ) complex {[LaCu_2(NTA)_2(4,4'-bpy)(H_2O)_3]NO_3·5H_2O}_n

A novel La(Ⅲ)-Cu(Ⅱ)heterometallic coordination polymer {[LaCu2(NTA)2(4,4'-bpy)(H2O)3]NO3 5H2O}n,where H3NTA denotes nitrilotriacetic acid and 4,4'-bpy denotes 4,4'-bipyridine,was synthesized and characterized by IR spectrum,elemental analysis and X-ray diffraction.The complex crystallizes in the triclnic space group PT with cell parameters a=1.33710(10)nm,b=1.44530(10)nm,c=1.0949(2)nm,α=71.905(7),β=74.327(7),γ=64.427(9),V=1.7912(4)nm3 and Z=2.It consists of heterometallic units,in which each La(Ⅲ)ion is coordinated in a distorted mono-capped square antiprism by three oxygen atoms from water molecules and six carboxyl oxygen atoms from five NTA3-ions,and each Cu(Ⅱ)ion is coordinated by one nitrogen atom from 4,4'-bpy and one nitrogen atom,three oxygen atoms from NTA3-.In the title complex,La(Ⅲ)ions and Cu(Ⅱ)ions are connected by the heterometallic bridging of NTA3-,constructing a two-dimensional network structure along the [110].And it is extended into an infinite three-dimensional network structure by the formation of homometallic bridging of Cu-4,4'-bpy-Cu,exhibiting a certain inclusion ability.

Co-developing an international TLS network for the 3D ecological understanding of global trees:System architecture,remote sensing models,and functional prospects

Trees are spread worldwide,as the watchmen that experience the intricate ecological effects caused by various environmental factors.In order to better understand such effects,it is preferential to achieve finely and fully mapped global trees and their environments.For this task,aerial and satellite-based remote sensing(RS)methods have been developed.However,a critical branch regarding the apparent forms of trees has significantly fallen behind due to the technical deficiency found within their globalscale surveying methods.Now,terrestrial laser scanning(TLS),a state-of-the-art RS technology,is useful for the in situ three-dimensional(3D)mapping of trees and their environments.Thus,we proposed co-developing an international TLS network as a macroscale ecotechnology to increase the 3D ecological understanding of global trees.First,we generated the system architecture and tested the available RS models to deepen its ground stakes.Then,we verified the ecotechnology regarding the identification of its theoretical feasibility,a review of its technical preparations,and a case testification based on a prototype we designed.Next,we conducted its functional prospects by previewing its scientific and technical potentials and its functional extensibility.Finally,we summarized its technical and scientific challenges,which can be used as the cutting points to promote the improvement of this technology in future studies.Overall,with the implication of establishing a novel cornerstone-sense ecotechnology,the co-development of an international TLS network can revolutionize the 3D ecological understanding of global trees and create new fields of research from 3D global tree structural ecology to 3D macroecology.

Dip-coating processed sponge-based electrodes for stretchable Zn-MnO2 batteries

Stretchable electronics are in high demand for next-generation wearable devices, but their fabrication is still challenging. Stretchable conductors, flexible pressure sensors, and foldable light-emitting diodes （LEDs） have been reported; however, the fabrication of stable stretchable batteries, as power suppliers for wearable devices, is significantly behind the development of other stretchable electronics. Several stretchable lithium-ion batteries and primary batteries have been fabricated, but their low capacities and complicated manufacturing processes are obstacles for practical applications. Herein, we report a stretchable zinc/manganese-oxide （Zn-MnO2） full battery based on a silver-nanowire- coated sponge prepared via a facile dip-coating process. The spongy electrode, with a three-dimensional （3D） binary network structure, provided not only high conductivity and stretchability, but also enabled a high mass loading of electrochemically active materials （Zn and MnO2 particles）. The fabricated Zn-MnO2 battery exhibited an areal capacity as high as 3.6 mAh·cm^-2 and could accommodate tensile strains of up to 100% while retaining 89% of its original capacity. The facile solution-based strategy of dip-coating active materials onto a cheap sponge-based stretchable current collector opens up a new avenue for fabricating stretchable batteries.

Intrinsic elastic conductors with internal buckled electron pathway for flexible electromagnetic interference shielding and tumor ablation

The elastic conductor is crucial in wearable electronics and soft robotics.The ideal intrinsic elastic bulk conductors show uniform three-dimensional conductive networks and stable resistance during large stretch.A challenge is that the variation of resistance is high under deformation due to disconnection of conductive pathway for bulk elastic conductors.Our strategy is to introduce buckled structure into the conductive network,by self-assembly of a carbon nanotube layer on the interconnecting micropore surface of a prestrained foam,followed by strain relaxation.Both unfolding of buckles and flattening of micropores contributed to the stability of the resistance under deformation(2.0%resistance variation under 70%strain).Microstructural analysis and finite element analysis illustrated different patterns of two-dimensional buckling structures could be obtained due to the imperfections in the conductive layer.Applications as all-directional interconnects,stretchable electromagnetic interference shielding and electrothermal tumor ablation were demonstrated.

交联网络结构Ti_(3)C_(2)纳米线的制备及其在锂硫电池中的应用

锂硫电池因其能量密度高、成本低等优势被认为是最具希望的下一代储能器件之一,然而其正极材料的发展和应用仍面临诸多挑战.本文通过将剥离的Ti_(3)C_(2)纳米片在NaOH溶液中刻蚀得到具有交联结构的Ti_(3)C_(2)纳米线,并利用熔融浸渍法负载硫颗粒,用作锂硫电池的正极材料.具有极性表面的Ti_(3)C_(2)可有效捕获多硫化锂中间体,从而抑制多硫化锂的穿梭效应.与Ti_(3)C_(2)纳米片相比,具有交联网络状结构的Ti_(3)C_(2)纳米线具有更大的比表面积和多孔结构,可以有效提供固硫所需的空间,并容纳硫在锂化过程中的体积膨胀.其较大的比表面积有利于Ti_(3)C_(2)纳米线对多硫化锂的捕获,其多孔结构有利于锂离子的扩散.Ti_(3)C_(2)纳米线/硫复合物展现出优异的电化学性能,在0.2 C的倍率下,100次循环后,其可逆容量为658 mAh g^(−1);在1 C倍率下,300次循环后,Ti_(3)C_(2)纳米线/硫复合物仍能保持436 mAh g^(−1)的可逆容量.

Manufacturable Novel Nanogrease with Superb Physical Properties

High-performance nanogrease manufactured from carbon nanomaterials is observed to be stable and homogeneous and have superb physical properties,such as thermal and electrical conductivities,compared with current commercial greases made of lithium,calcium,and aluminum.For the first time,carbon nanomaterials have been observed to disperse well as the sole thickeners in oil systems,e.g.,polyalphaolefin and polyester(ROYCO),without the aid of any chemical surfactants.Three-dimensional percolation network structures that exist among carbon nanomaterials are easily scalable,which can be attributed to the intermolecular van der Waals forces.Moreover,the introduction of hydrogen bonding in any form to grease significantly increases its thermal and electrical conductivities and substantially reduces the weight percentage of carbon nanomaterials needed to fabricate stable grease.For example,loading of only 1.4 wt%hydroxyl-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube(MWNT-OH)with Krytox XHT750 oil leads to a 37.8%increase in thermal conductivity.Moreover,75%glycerol,25% water,and 4.5 wt% MWNT-OH yielded the lowest electrical resistivity of 10.0 Ω cm.This finding can be extended to hydrogen bonding materials with functional groups,such as OH,COOH,F,and NH.The nanogrease reported in this study has been manufactured using the three-roll mill method,which is an easy and cost-effective method,as the loading weight percentage of carbon nanomaterials to fabricate stable grease decreases from 12 wt% to 3-4 wt%.Furthermore,the process is easily scalable,reproduced,and optimized.This novel high-performance nanogrease has a high commercial value and numerous applications and could replace current commercial greases.