Development of an In-Situ Laser Machining System Using a Three-Dimensional Galvanometer Scanner

In this study, a three-dimensional (3D) in-situ laser machining system integrating laser measurement and machining was built using a 3D galvanometer scanner equipped with a side-axis industrial camera. A line structured light measurement model based on a galvanometer scanner was proposed to obtain the 3D information of the workpiece. A height calibration method was proposed to further ensure measurement accuracy, so as to achieve accurate laser focusing. In-situ machining software was developed to realize time-saving and labor-saving 3D laser processing. The feasibility and practicability of this in-situ laser machining system were verified using specific cases. In comparison with the conventional line structured light measurement method, the proposed methods do not require light plane calibration, and do not need additional motion axes for 3D reconstruction;thus they provide technical and cost advantages. The insitu laser machining system realizes a simple operation process by integrating measurement and machining,which greatly reduces labor and time costs.

Design Theory of Full Face Rock Tunnel Boring Machine Transition Cutter Edge Angle and Its Application

At present, the inner cutters of a full face rock tunnel boring machine (TBM) and transition cutter edge angles are designed on the basis of indentation test or linear grooving test. The inner and outer edge angles of disc cutters are characterized as symmetric to each other with respect to the cutter edge plane. This design has some practical defects, such as severe eccentric wear and tipping, etc. In this paper, the current design theory of disc cutter edge angle is analyzed, and the characteristics of the rock-breaking movement of disc cutters are studied. The researching results show that the rotational motion of disc cutters with the cutterhead gives rise to the difference between the interactions of inner rock and outer rock with the contact area of disc cutters, with shearing and extrusion on the inner rock and attrition on the outer rock. The wear of disc cutters at the contact area is unbalanced, among which the wear in the largest normal stress area is most apparent. Therefore, a three-dimensional model theory of rock breaking and an edge angle design theory of transition disc cutter are proposed to overcome the flaws of the currently used TBM cutter heads, such as short life span, camber wearing, tipping. And a corresponding equation is established. With reference to a specific construction case, the edge angle of the transition disc cutter has been designed based on the theory. The application of TBM in some practical project proves that the theory has obvious advantages in enhancing disc cutter life, decreasing replacement frequency, and making economic benefits. The proposed research provides a theoretical basis for the design of TBM three-dimensional disc cutters whose rock-breaking operation time can be effectively increased.

Role of three-dimensional printing and artificial intelligence in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma:Challenges and opportunities

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)constitutes the fifth most frequent malignancy worldwide and the third most frequent cause of cancer-related deaths.Currently,treatment selection is based on the stage of the disease.Emerging fields such as three-dimensional(3D)printing,3D bioprinting,artificial intelligence(AI),and machine learning(ML)could lead to evidence-based,individualized management of HCC.In this review,we comprehensively report the current applications of 3D printing,3D bioprinting,and AI/ML-based models in HCC management;we outline the significant challenges to the broad use of these novel technologies in the clinical setting with the goal of identifying means to overcome them,and finally,we discuss the opportunities that arise from these applications.Notably,regarding 3D printing and bioprinting-related challenges,we elaborate on cost and cost-effectiveness,cell sourcing,cell viability,safety,accessibility,regulation,and legal and ethical concerns.Similarly,regarding AI/ML-related challenges,we elaborate on intellectual property,liability,intrinsic biases,data protection,cybersecurity,ethical challenges,and transparency.Our findings show that AI and 3D printing applications in HCC management and healthcare,in general,are steadily expanding;thus,these technologies will be integrated into the clinical setting sooner or later.Therefore,we believe that physicians need to become familiar with these technologies and prepare to engage with them constructively.

Vibration Analysis of Fetching Carton Mechanism of Square Carpets Packaging

In this paper,according to the cantilever beam of fetching carton mechanism in square packaging machine, considering the impact of motion of air cylinder on it,its dynamics model and finite element model are built by using ANSYS. This paper not only acquires the deformation distribution,stress distribution and natural frequency of the cantilever beam in the static state; but also gets the dynamic response curve in the maximum deformation and the dynamic stress response curve in the near of the maximum stress during the motion of air cylinder. Result shows that no matter static state or dynamic state,deformation of the cantilever in the fetching carton mechanism is acceptable. The design of mechanism is reliable and its motion is also stable; no resonance can occur on the cantilever beam.

Set up the Mechanical Curriculum System Based on Three-Dimensional Design

The changes of design methods and manufacturing techniques have brought new requirements for engineers in enterprises, and therefore brought a challenge to the traditional teaching system of mechanical major courses. A new teaching system based on three-dimensional design to cultivate modern engineers with solid specialty bases and high creativity in a wide range of fields is presented.

The three-dimension model for the rock-breaking mechanism of disc cutter andanalysis of rock-breaking forces

To study the rock deformation with three- dimensional model under rolling forces of disc cutter, by car- rying out the circular-grooving test with disc cutter rolling around on the rock, the rock mechanical behavior under rolling disc cutter is studied, the mechanical model of disc cutter rolling around the groove is established, and the the- ory of single-point and double-angle variables is proposed. Based on this theory, the physics equations and geometric equations of rock mechanical behavior under disc cutters of tunnel boring machine （TBM） are studied, and then the bal- ance equations of interactive forces between disc cutter and rock are established. Accordingly, formulas about normal force, rolling force and side force of a disc cutter are de- rived, and their validity is studied by tests. Therefore, a new method and theory is proposed to study rock- breaking mech- anism of disc cutters.

Machine learning phase transitions of the three-dimensional Ising universality class

Exploration of the QCD phase diagram and critical point is one of the main goals in current relativistic heavy-ion collisions.The QCD critical point is expected to belong to a three-dimensional(3D)Ising universality class.Machine learning techniques are found to be powerful in distinguishing different phases of matter and provide a new way to study the phase diagram.We investigate phase transitions in the 3D cubic Ising model using supervised learning methods.It is found that a 3D convolutional neural network can be trained to effectively predict physical quantities in different spin configurations.With a uniform neural network architecture,it can encode phases of matter and identify both second-and first-order phase transitions.The important features that discriminate different phases in the classification processes are investigated.These findings can help study and understand QCD phase transitions in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.

34 GHz Bandpass Filter for Low-temperature Co-fired Ceramic System-in-Package Application

Modern electronic circuit requires compact,multifunctional technology in communication systems.However,it is very difficult due to the limitations in passive component miniaturization and the complication of fabrication process.The bandpass filter is one of the most important passive components in millimeter（mm）-wave communication system,attracting significant interest in three-dimension（3D） miniaturized design,which is few reported.In this paper,a bandpass filter structure using low-temperature co-fired ceramic（LTCC） technology,which is fully integrated in a system-in package（SIP） communication module,is presented for miniaturized and high reliable mm-wave application.The bandpass filter with 3D end-coupled microstrip resonators is implemented in order to achieve a high performance bandwidth characteristic.Specifically,all of the resonators are embedded into different ceramic layers to decrease the insertion loss and enhance the out-of-band rejection performance by optimizing the coupling coefficient and the coupling strength.A fence structure,which is formed by metal-filled via array with the gap less than quarter wavelength,is placed around the embedded bandpass filter to avoid electromagnetic（EM） interference problem in multilayer structure.This structural model is validated through actual LTCC process.The bandpass filter is successfully manufactured by modifying the co-fireablity characteristics,adjusting the sintering profile,releasing the interfacial stress,and reducing the shrinkage mismatch with different materials.Measured results show good performance and agree well with the high frequency EM full wave simulation.The influence of layer thickness and dielectric constant on the frequency response in fabricated process is analyzed,where thicker ceramic sheets let the filter response shift to higher frequency.Moreover,measured S-parameters denote the center frequency is also strongly influenced by the variation of ceramic material＇s dielectric constants.By analyzing the relationship between the characteristics of the ceramic tape and the center frequency of the filter,both theoretical and experimental data are accumulated for broadening application filed.With the coupling resonators embedded into the ceramic layers,the bandpass filter exhibits advantages of small size and high reliability compared to conventional planar filter structure,which makes the bandpass filter suitable for SIP communicational application.

Granular Packaging Machines

Granular packaging machines are used to automatically package loose granular products, including pesticides, veterinary medicines, seeds,

Computer aided design of free-machinability prehardened mold steel for plastic

In order to improve the machinability but not to impair other properties of the prehardened mold steel for plastic, the composition was designed by application of Thermo-Calc software package to regulate the type of non-metallic inclusion formed in the steel. The regulated non-metallic inclusion type was also observed by SEM and EDX. Then the machinability assessment of the steel with designed composition under different conditions was studied by the measurement of tool wear amount and cutting force. The results show that the composition of free cutting elements adding to mold steel for plastic can be optimized to obtain proper type of non-metallic inclusion in the aid of Thermo-Calc, compared with the large volume fraction of soft inclusion which is needed for promoting ductile fracture at low cutting speeds, the proper type of inclusion at high cutting speeds is glassy oxide inclusion. All those can be obtained in the present work.

基于机器视觉的物流包装条码特征快速提取与识别方法研究

随着技术的进步,特别是机器视觉技术的迅猛发展,条码的读取与识别已经不再依赖于传统的条码扫描器。机器视觉为条码的快速、准确和自动化读取提供了新的技术路径。然而,复杂的物流环境、不同的包装材料以及各种环境因素(如光线、遮挡)会影响机器视觉系统的性能。文章对基于机器视觉的物流包装条码特征快速提取与识别方法展开深入研究,以期为实际物流场景中的条码识别提供一种更为高效和准确的技术手段。

食品包装热成型机电动八杆开合模机构的运动及受力分析

目的:解决热成型机的核心部件开合模机构相关杆件设计及其分析技术难题。方法:运用解析法阐述了一种热成型机的电动八杆开合模机构的运动和受力分析。结果:基于实例计算得到执行滑块位移与曲柄转角关系曲线,并进一步推导了速度和加速度变化规律;同时还揭示了片材挤压阶段的理论合模力和各杆件受力变化趋势及特点。结论:实现了在不具备专业软件的条件下对电动八杆开合模机构的分析,缩短了设计和试制周期。

基于机器视觉的食品瓶罐包装缺陷检测研究进展

根据近年文献资料,介绍了机器视觉技术在食品瓶罐包装缺陷检测上的应用和发展,概述瓶罐包装缺陷检测系统的硬件结构和检测流程;梳理并分析基于图像处理技术和基于深度学习方法在食品瓶罐包装缺陷检测领域取得的研究成果,探讨分类网络模型和目标检测网络模型两种技术在该领域的优势和不足,并对未来的发展进行了展望,为智能瓶罐包装检测的创新和发展提供参考。

糖果包装机虚拟拆装碰撞检测研究

目的为了提高虚拟装配系统中碰撞检测的效率,提出以AABB包围盒粗检测和深度图细检测的碰撞检测方法。方法首先利用SolidWorks软件建立BZ350糖果包装机模型,以STL格式导入到引擎中,通过对零件先建立AABB包围盒做粗检测后,分别对2个零件获取对应的深度图,使用OpenCV对2张深度图相叠加,根据叠加后像素值的大小来判断零件是否发生了碰撞。结果实验表明,当叠加后深度值小于100的数量占所有深度值不为0的数量的比例大于86.2736%时,即可认定两零件发生碰撞。结论对比传统检测算法,此算法在保证了检测速度和检测精度的前提下,对复杂模型的检测具有优势,并且保证了运行的速度在40帧/s以上的流畅运行。

多品种医疗试板自动包装系统研发

为满足异形医疗试板热封设备的精度及快速需求,研发一种多品种、高精度、高效率的热封包装控制系统。分析了包装机的工艺流程和控制要求,采用RBF-PID温度控制算法提升热封效果及效率,运用机器视觉系统采集预制袋特征数据,经图像处理实现47种异形试板检测。基于欧姆龙NJ系列运动控制PLC和两种工业以太网的控制方式进行系统硬、软件设计,改进优化了上料、装袋、热封、检测、出料等运动过程,开发了人机交互界面实现装置和生产状态的可视化。经过设备投产验证,该系统在高温、振动的工作环境中运行稳定,平均包装速度高达1806个/h,平均合格率高达98.1%,平均温度误差仅±0.88℃,其可靠性和准确性显著提升。

缝衣针包装机的主要结构设计研究

大部分缝衣针用铝箔纸、外包装纸进行包装,该包装方式主要采用纯手工操作,针对该情况,充分考量包装机的工作稳定性、自动化程度和生产效率,并注重细节的处理,设计出高效的缝衣针包装机,以满足安全、环保等方面的要求.

粉末饮片自动包装机的研究与设计

目前市场上针对粉末饮片、颗粒等物料包装时,存在难以有效剔除不合格原料、存有破碎的细小残渣和产品结块受潮等现象,严重影响产品的包装质量。团队结合多年实践经验,设计了一种粉末饮片自动包装机,集上料机构、送料机构、送风机构、收集组件及驱动机构等于一体,可有效解决以上痛点问题。具体针对该装置的工作原理和各个组成部分的结构设计进行了介绍。实践证明,该装置在工作时,各个组成部件相互配合,能够有效剔除不合格的原料、避免原料结块受潮,具有结构简单、成本低、效率高等优点。

3D机器视觉在充电宝包装系统中的应用研究

为了提高包装机械智能化程度和生产效率,设计并实现了一种基于3D机器视觉的充电宝智能装配和包装控制系统。该系统主要包括自动装配、自动贴标、2D机器视觉质检、3D机器视觉包装和立体仓储等功能模块。对系统的硬件和软件进行了论述,重点对3D相机的编程进行了研究和阐述。通过实验证明,所设计系统的功能实现率均在99%以上。基于3D机器视觉的充电宝智能装配和包装控制系统可以提高包装机械的智能化和柔性化水平,在提高生产效率的同时,大大降低企业人力成本。

三边封基质自动包装机的设计与试验

无土栽培模式在我国的应用逐渐广泛,但基质栽培袋的机械化生产发展缓慢,造价昂贵的流水线式生产模式并不适合我国个体用户及中小企业的生产情况。为此,针对市场上缺乏小型、实用、低成本、自动化的基质袋生产设备的现状,设计了三边封基质自动包装机。机具在基质包装领域创新使用先装填再制袋的方法,采用PLC为核心的控制系统,由搅拌装置、定料装置、压缩装置、热封装置、换膜装置、机架、传动系统和控制系统组成。在此,介绍了整机的工作原理及各个装置的设计情况,并对整机的生产功能进行了试验验证。结果表明:三边封基质自动包装机能够自动化完成基质袋的生产,生产速率为36袋/h,包装质量满足设计要求,为无土栽培产业的机械化发展提供了技术支持。

供包机数字孪生控制方法研究

为提升供包机控制性能,提出供包机数字孪生控制方法研究。首先,通过包裹进行动力学和运动学分析,得到有效供包的时间与空间约束;然后,构建数字孪生控制框架,对供包机、包裹、分拣机进行三维模型,搭建系统的动力学模型;最后,将供包机、包裹、分拣机小车等参数作为孪生控制算法输入,以上包时间作为约束,求解加减速段传送带的运行速度,从而实现上包时间点和上包位置的精准控制。试验结果表明,数字孪生控制方法的有效性,确定包裹的初始位置是影响包裹落点的主要因素,包裹与传送带间的摩擦系数、上包位置、段间空隙是影响控制性能的主要因素。