Plants with bioactive properties are greatly useful in preventing and controlling blood-sucking and disease-vector invertebrates, particularly in developing countries and low-income communities. Their application is a...Plants with bioactive properties are greatly useful in preventing and controlling blood-sucking and disease-vector invertebrates, particularly in developing countries and low-income communities. Their application is a promising alternative to synthetic compounds whose use remains a health, environmental, and economic challenge. However, many are still unknown and unvalued, while others are becoming ignored and threatened. The main objective of this ethnobotanical study is to identify and characterize indigenous and locally grown plants against blood-sucking and disease-vector insects. Salient opportunities and challenges of using these plants are documented and discussed. Semi-structured interviews, using a prepared questionnaire, were conducted with 228 informants. The consensus index (CI) was calculated to analyze the reliability of the collected information. The identified 31 anti-insect plant species belong to 20 botanical families, four morphological categories, and six habitat types. They can be categorized as insecticidal plants (42% of the total), insect repellent (42% of the total), and both insecticidal and insect repellent (16% of the total). More than 54% of these are still abundant in the study area, while about 35.5% have become rare and difficultly accessible. Based on the numerical importance of related anti-insect plant species, the seven targeted blood-sucking insects range in the following decreasing order: Jiggers (16 species) > Fire Ants (9 species) > Flies (8 plants) > Mosquitoes (4 species) > Fleas (2 species) > Bedbugs (1 species) > lice (0 species). The three most commonly used plants, with the highest confirmation indices, are Tetradenia riparia (ICs = 0.712), Eucalyptus globulus subsp. maidenii (ICs = 0.302), and Solanum aculeastrum (ICs = 0.288). The antimicrobial role of many locally grown anti-insect plants and the multiple other associated valorization possibilities are ignored by most informants. Domesticating, propagating, protecting, and promoting the sustainable use of these plants would be an appropriate route for their conservation and continued availability.展开更多
According to many years of experimental summary, regulations on planting technique of harmless feeding Sorghum bicolor （L.） Moenchwere studied from the application scope, basic demands of planting, preparation be fo...According to many years of experimental summary, regulations on planting technique of harmless feeding Sorghum bicolor （L.） Moenchwere studied from the application scope, basic demands of planting, preparation be fore seeding, demands of seeding, field management, clipping and harvesting, transportation, storage, ledger management and other technical requirements, and specific measures and technical indicators of the technical regulations were analyzed, so as to provide normalized, standardized, industrial and marketization technical support for the planting of harmless feeding S. bicolor （L.） Moench.展开更多
The availability of local feed resources in various seasons can contribute as essential sources of carbohydrate and protein which significantly impact rumen fermentation and the subsequent productivity of the ruminant...The availability of local feed resources in various seasons can contribute as essential sources of carbohydrate and protein which significantly impact rumen fermentation and the subsequent productivity of the ruminant.Recent developments,based on enriching protein in cassava chips,have yielded yeast fermented cassava chip protein（YEFECAP） providing up to 47.5% crude protein（CP）,which can be used to replace soybean meal.The use of fodder trees has been developed through the process of pelleting;Leucaena leucocephala leaf pellets（LLP）,mulberry leaf pellets（MUP） and mangosteen peel and/or garlic pellets,can be used as good sources of protein to supplement ruminant feeding.Apart from producing volatile fatty acids and microbial proteins,greenhouse gases such as methane are also produced in the rumen.Several methods have been used to reduce rumen methane.However,among many approaches,nutritional manipulation using feed formulation and feeding management,especially the use of plant extracts or plants containing secondary compounds（condensed tannins and saponins） and plant oils,has been reported.This approach could help todecrease rumen protozoa and methanogens and thus mitigate the production of methane.At present,more research concerning this burning issue-the role of livestock in global warming-warrants undertaking further research with regard to economic viability and practical feasibility.展开更多
Fusing three-dimensional(3D)and multispectral(MS)imaging data holds promise for high-throughput and comprehensive plant phenotyping to decipher genome-to-phenome knowledge.Acquiring high-quality 3D MS point clouds(3DM...Fusing three-dimensional(3D)and multispectral(MS)imaging data holds promise for high-throughput and comprehensive plant phenotyping to decipher genome-to-phenome knowledge.Acquiring high-quality 3D MS point clouds(3DMPCs)of plants remains challenging because of poor 3D data quality and limited radiometric calibration methods for plants with a complex canopy structure.Here,we present a novel 3D spatial–spectral data fusion approach to collect high-quality 3DMPCs of plants by integrating the next-best-view planning for adaptive data acquisition and neural reference field(NeREF)for radiometric calibration.This approach was used to acquire 3DMPCs of perilla,tomato,and rapeseed plants with diverse plant architecture and leaf morphological features evaluated by the accuracy of chlorophyll content and equivalent water thickness(EWT)estimation.The results showed that the completeness of plant point clouds collected by this approach was improved by an average of 23.6%compared with the fixed viewpoints alone.The NeREF-based radiometric calibration with the hemispherical reference outperformed the conventional calibration method by reducing the root mean square error(RMSE)of 58.93%for extracted reflectance spectra.The RMSE for chlorophyll content and EWT predictions decreased by 21.25%and 14.13%using partial least squares regression with the generated 3DMPCs.Collectively,our study provides an effective and efficient way to collect high-quality 3DMPCs of plants under natural light conditions,which improves the accuracy and comprehensiveness of phenotyping plant morphological and physiological traits,and thus will facilitate plant biology and genetic studies as well as crop breeding.展开更多
The influence of phlorotannins and bromophenols on the feeding behavior of marine herbivores was determined using bioassay of Turbo cornutus. It was found that phloroglucinol and its oligomers isolated from the brown ...The influence of phlorotannins and bromophenols on the feeding behavior of marine herbivores was determined using bioassay of Turbo cornutus. It was found that phloroglucinol and its oligomers isolated from the brown alga Eisenia bicyclis (eckol, fucofuroeckol A, phlorofucofuroeckol A, dieckol, and 8,8’-bieckol) had a deterrent effect against feeding behavior of T. cornutus in the concentration of algal body, respectively. In the case of the examination of 0.1 mM concentration, although fucofuroeckol A and phlorofucofuroeckol A significantly reduced feeding by T. cornutus, phloroglucinol and 8,8’-bieckol did not show any significant influence on feeding behavior, and eckol and dieckol had stimulating activity. 2,4-Dibromophenol and 2,4,6-tribromophenol, which are major components of extracellular secretions from Eisenia and Ecklonia species, caused the death, the torpidity, and the decreased appetite of T. cornutus at the concentration of 0.1 mM. In addition, 2,4-dibromophenol had strong feeding deterrent activity at the concentration of 1 μM. These results indicate that phlorotannins and bromophenols act as chemical defense agents of brown algae against environmental stresses such as the herbivore attack.展开更多
植物提取物是畜禽饲料添加剂的重要组成部分,在畜禽养殖中起到抗氧化、抗炎、抗应激和提高生产性能的作用。目前植物提取物的制备多采用常规的有机溶剂(乙醇、氯仿和乙酸乙酯)提取,有机溶剂的易燃、易挥发和毒性会对提取人员造成伤害,...植物提取物是畜禽饲料添加剂的重要组成部分,在畜禽养殖中起到抗氧化、抗炎、抗应激和提高生产性能的作用。目前植物提取物的制备多采用常规的有机溶剂(乙醇、氯仿和乙酸乙酯)提取,有机溶剂的易燃、易挥发和毒性会对提取人员造成伤害,提取后的废液会造成环境的污染。天然低共熔溶剂(natural deep eutectic solvents, NADESs)是一种以初级代谢产物等天然成分为原料的新型绿色提取溶剂,具有制备简单、低毒或无毒、价廉易得、可生物降解、可回收利用等优点,是未来替代传统有机提取溶剂的新型溶剂,已广泛应用到化工、食品、中药提取等技术领域。文章综述了天然低共熔溶剂在植物提取物中的最新应用进展,旨在为天然低共熔溶剂的推广和应用提供指导。展开更多
文摘Plants with bioactive properties are greatly useful in preventing and controlling blood-sucking and disease-vector invertebrates, particularly in developing countries and low-income communities. Their application is a promising alternative to synthetic compounds whose use remains a health, environmental, and economic challenge. However, many are still unknown and unvalued, while others are becoming ignored and threatened. The main objective of this ethnobotanical study is to identify and characterize indigenous and locally grown plants against blood-sucking and disease-vector insects. Salient opportunities and challenges of using these plants are documented and discussed. Semi-structured interviews, using a prepared questionnaire, were conducted with 228 informants. The consensus index (CI) was calculated to analyze the reliability of the collected information. The identified 31 anti-insect plant species belong to 20 botanical families, four morphological categories, and six habitat types. They can be categorized as insecticidal plants (42% of the total), insect repellent (42% of the total), and both insecticidal and insect repellent (16% of the total). More than 54% of these are still abundant in the study area, while about 35.5% have become rare and difficultly accessible. Based on the numerical importance of related anti-insect plant species, the seven targeted blood-sucking insects range in the following decreasing order: Jiggers (16 species) > Fire Ants (9 species) > Flies (8 plants) > Mosquitoes (4 species) > Fleas (2 species) > Bedbugs (1 species) > lice (0 species). The three most commonly used plants, with the highest confirmation indices, are Tetradenia riparia (ICs = 0.712), Eucalyptus globulus subsp. maidenii (ICs = 0.302), and Solanum aculeastrum (ICs = 0.288). The antimicrobial role of many locally grown anti-insect plants and the multiple other associated valorization possibilities are ignored by most informants. Domesticating, propagating, protecting, and promoting the sustainable use of these plants would be an appropriate route for their conservation and continued availability.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(20120304201)~~
文摘According to many years of experimental summary, regulations on planting technique of harmless feeding Sorghum bicolor （L.） Moenchwere studied from the application scope, basic demands of planting, preparation be fore seeding, demands of seeding, field management, clipping and harvesting, transportation, storage, ledger management and other technical requirements, and specific measures and technical indicators of the technical regulations were analyzed, so as to provide normalized, standardized, industrial and marketization technical support for the planting of harmless feeding S. bicolor （L.） Moench.
文摘The availability of local feed resources in various seasons can contribute as essential sources of carbohydrate and protein which significantly impact rumen fermentation and the subsequent productivity of the ruminant.Recent developments,based on enriching protein in cassava chips,have yielded yeast fermented cassava chip protein（YEFECAP） providing up to 47.5% crude protein（CP）,which can be used to replace soybean meal.The use of fodder trees has been developed through the process of pelleting;Leucaena leucocephala leaf pellets（LLP）,mulberry leaf pellets（MUP） and mangosteen peel and/or garlic pellets,can be used as good sources of protein to supplement ruminant feeding.Apart from producing volatile fatty acids and microbial proteins,greenhouse gases such as methane are also produced in the rumen.Several methods have been used to reduce rumen methane.However,among many approaches,nutritional manipulation using feed formulation and feeding management,especially the use of plant extracts or plants containing secondary compounds（condensed tannins and saponins） and plant oils,has been reported.This approach could help todecrease rumen protozoa and methanogens and thus mitigate the production of methane.At present,more research concerning this burning issue-the role of livestock in global warming-warrants undertaking further research with regard to economic viability and practical feasibility.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371985)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(226-2022-00217).
文摘Fusing three-dimensional(3D)and multispectral(MS)imaging data holds promise for high-throughput and comprehensive plant phenotyping to decipher genome-to-phenome knowledge.Acquiring high-quality 3D MS point clouds(3DMPCs)of plants remains challenging because of poor 3D data quality and limited radiometric calibration methods for plants with a complex canopy structure.Here,we present a novel 3D spatial–spectral data fusion approach to collect high-quality 3DMPCs of plants by integrating the next-best-view planning for adaptive data acquisition and neural reference field(NeREF)for radiometric calibration.This approach was used to acquire 3DMPCs of perilla,tomato,and rapeseed plants with diverse plant architecture and leaf morphological features evaluated by the accuracy of chlorophyll content and equivalent water thickness(EWT)estimation.The results showed that the completeness of plant point clouds collected by this approach was improved by an average of 23.6%compared with the fixed viewpoints alone.The NeREF-based radiometric calibration with the hemispherical reference outperformed the conventional calibration method by reducing the root mean square error(RMSE)of 58.93%for extracted reflectance spectra.The RMSE for chlorophyll content and EWT predictions decreased by 21.25%and 14.13%using partial least squares regression with the generated 3DMPCs.Collectively,our study provides an effective and efficient way to collect high-quality 3DMPCs of plants under natural light conditions,which improves the accuracy and comprehensiveness of phenotyping plant morphological and physiological traits,and thus will facilitate plant biology and genetic studies as well as crop breeding.
文摘The influence of phlorotannins and bromophenols on the feeding behavior of marine herbivores was determined using bioassay of Turbo cornutus. It was found that phloroglucinol and its oligomers isolated from the brown alga Eisenia bicyclis (eckol, fucofuroeckol A, phlorofucofuroeckol A, dieckol, and 8,8’-bieckol) had a deterrent effect against feeding behavior of T. cornutus in the concentration of algal body, respectively. In the case of the examination of 0.1 mM concentration, although fucofuroeckol A and phlorofucofuroeckol A significantly reduced feeding by T. cornutus, phloroglucinol and 8,8’-bieckol did not show any significant influence on feeding behavior, and eckol and dieckol had stimulating activity. 2,4-Dibromophenol and 2,4,6-tribromophenol, which are major components of extracellular secretions from Eisenia and Ecklonia species, caused the death, the torpidity, and the decreased appetite of T. cornutus at the concentration of 0.1 mM. In addition, 2,4-dibromophenol had strong feeding deterrent activity at the concentration of 1 μM. These results indicate that phlorotannins and bromophenols act as chemical defense agents of brown algae against environmental stresses such as the herbivore attack.
文摘植物提取物是畜禽饲料添加剂的重要组成部分,在畜禽养殖中起到抗氧化、抗炎、抗应激和提高生产性能的作用。目前植物提取物的制备多采用常规的有机溶剂(乙醇、氯仿和乙酸乙酯)提取,有机溶剂的易燃、易挥发和毒性会对提取人员造成伤害,提取后的废液会造成环境的污染。天然低共熔溶剂(natural deep eutectic solvents, NADESs)是一种以初级代谢产物等天然成分为原料的新型绿色提取溶剂,具有制备简单、低毒或无毒、价廉易得、可生物降解、可回收利用等优点,是未来替代传统有机提取溶剂的新型溶剂,已广泛应用到化工、食品、中药提取等技术领域。文章综述了天然低共熔溶剂在植物提取物中的最新应用进展,旨在为天然低共熔溶剂的推广和应用提供指导。
