Three-dimensional-arterial spin labeling perfusion correlation with diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction and vascular endothelial growth factor in type 2 diabetes mellitus rat

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) has been strongly associated with an increased risk of developing cognitive dysfunction and dementia.The mechanisms of diabetes-associated cognitive dysfunction(DACD) have not been fully elucidated to date.Some studies proved lower cerebral blood flow(CBF) in the hippocampus was associated with poor executive function and memory in T2DM.Increasing evidence showed that diabetes leads to abnormal vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) expression and CBF changes in humans and animal models.In this study,we hypothesized that DACD was correlated with CBF alteration as measured by three-dimensional(3D) arterial spin labeling(3D-ASL) and VEGF expression in the hippocampus.AIM To assess the correlation between CBF(measured by 3D-ASL and VEGF expression) and DACD in a rat model of T2DM.METHODS Forty Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into control and T2DM groups.The T2DM group was established by feeding rats a high-fat diet and glucose to induce impaired glucose tolerance and then injecting them with streptozotocin to induce T2DM.Cognitive function was assessed using the Morris water maze experiment.The CBF changes were measured by 3D-ASL magnetic resonance imaging.VEGF expression was determined using immunofluorescence.RESULTS The escape latency time significantly reduced 15 wk after streptozotocin injection in the T2DM group.The total distance traveled was longer in the T2DM group;also,the platform was crossed fewer times.The percentage of distance in the target zone significantly decreased.CBF decreased in the bilateral hippocampus in the T2DM group.No difference was found between the right CBF value and the left CBF value in the T2DM group.The VEGF expression level in the hippocampus was lower in the T2DM group and correlated with the CBF value.The escape latency negatively correlated with the CBF value.The number of rats crossing the platform positively correlated with the CBF value.CONCLUSION Low CBF in the hippocampus and decreased VEGF expression might be crucial in DACD.CBF measured by 3D-ASL might serve as a noninvasive imaging biomarker for cognitive impairment associated with T2DM.

Associations between residence and cognitive function among Chinese older adults: the mediating role of leisure activity

Background:Cognitive function is a current research hotspot,residence may be related to differences in cognitive function,and the mediating role of leisure activities are limited in Chinese research.This study used leisure activities as a mediating variable to investigate the mediating role of leisure activity between place of residence(city-town-rural)and cognitive function among Chinese older,this is where the innovation of the article comes in.Methods:Using cross-sectional data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey,Pearson correlation analyses were employed to examine the relationships among various indicators.Mediation analyses were conducted using the SPSS PROCESS macro program,version 3.5,written by Hayes,to explore the mediating effects of leisure activity between place of residence and cognitive function in older adults.Results:A total of 10955 older adults were included in this study,with a mean age of(84.23±11.57)years.Among them,2739(24.8%)lived in the city,3627(33.1%)in town,and 4615(42.1%)in rural areas;their leisure activity score was(5.34±3.77),and their cognitive function score was(24.69±6.65).Place of residence,leisure activities,and cognitive function were significantly correlated(P<0.01).Using city as a reference,place of residence is negatively associated with cognitive function,and place of residence not only had a direct effect on cognitive function in older adults:town-cognitive function(effect=–0.399;95%confidence interval(CI)=(–0.685,–0.113));rural-cognitive function(effect=–0.42;95%CI=(–0.698,–0.141)).There were also indirect effects on cognitive function through the pathway of leisure activity:town-leisure activity-cognitive function(effect=–0.17;95%CI=(–0.246,–0.1)),rural-leisure activity-cognitive function(effect=–0.199;95%CI=(–0.272,–0.13)).Conclusion:Leisure activities play a partially mediating role between the impact of place of residence and cognitive function in Chinese older adults,and it is vital to pay attention to the impact of place of residence on the cognitive function of older adults in various aspects,and to increase the participation rate of older adults in leisure activities,which is beneficial to the prevention of cognitive decline and the protection of older adult’s physical and mental health.

Development and psychometric evaluation of Nurses and Midwives’Perceptions of their Roles in Primary Healthcare

Objective:This study aimed to develop Nurses and Midwives’Perceptions of their Roles in Primary Healthcare(NMPR-PHC)and evaluate its psychometric properties.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was performed to recruit a convenient sample of 150 registered nurses and midwives from various primary healthcare settings in Jordan.Reliability was evaluated by examining the internal consistency and split-half reliability of the item.A exploratory factor analysis was performed to assess the factor structure of the NMPR-PHC.Results:The final version of NMPR-PHC contained 18 items.Exploratory factor analysis revealed six factors(care coordination and interprofessional collaboration,workplace facilitators of the primary healthcare,management of care,research,workplace constraints of primary healthcare,and advanced education)for the questionnaire which explained 66.49%of the total variance.The Cronbach’s a of the total scale was 0.834,the subscales Cronbach’s a were ranging between 0.662 and 0.770,and the splithalf reliability of the total scale was 0.734.Conclusion:The overall performance of the questionnaire showed promising sound psychometric properties.The NMPR-PHC can be recommended for use as a tool for the assessment of nurses and midwives’perceptions of their roles in primary healthcare.

The Stabilizing Role of Material Structure in Scientific Practice

Knowledge of the environment is essential for the survival of organisms; but those organisms have to have the capacity to stabilize such knowledge. The aim of this article is to analyze the various strategies for stabilizing human knowledge, with a special focus on its material anchors and their interactions with other stabilization means. In particular, I consider how such stabilization is reflected in scientific activity and practice, and what its repercussions are for the models of science that have dominated the philosophical landscape of the 20th century. My starting hypothesis will be that the role of material anchors in stabilizing conceptual blends is analogous to that of technology in grounding scientific knowledge. The framework I adopt with regard to conceptualization is that of Fauconnier and Turner （2002） on conceptual blends. Just as technology intervenes in scientific practice in conjunction with conceptual elements, so do material anchors, which conjoin other non-material strategies of knowledge stabilization. Endowing knowledge with a material basis may be understood firstly as an element （sometimes a key element） for representing knowledge and offering an explanation, and secondly as a way of providing a scientific hypothesis with empirical grounding. It is this second sense that connects with scientific experimentation and the use of instruments and technology.

多团队成员身份对个体创新绩效的双刃剑效应研究

根据角色理论与个人-工作匹配框架,并基于知识密集型企业员工有效样本多时点问卷数据的实证分析,探究个体多团队成员身份通过角色整合和工作繁荣(积极路径)以及角色冲突和工作疏离(消极路径)对个体创新绩效的整合影响,同时,考察认知灵活性在其间的边界条件作用。研究结果表明:个体多团队成员身份既通过角色整合与工作繁荣对个体创新绩效有显著正向间接作用,又通过角色冲突与工作疏离对个体创新绩效有显著负向间接作用;对于高认知灵活性的员工而言,多团队成员身份通过角色整合和工作繁荣对个体创新绩效的积极影响更强;对于低认知灵活性的员工而言,多团队成员身份通过角色冲突和工作疏离对个体创新绩效的消极影响更强。

基于角色认知、心理弹性个体视角的住院医师情绪耗竭应对

目的:从个体视角探讨住院医师情绪耗竭的应对策略。方法:通过调查问卷对广西三甲医院的住院医师规范化培训开展问卷调查,研究工具包括角色认知、心理弹性和情绪耗竭的测量量表。结果:多元回归分析显示角色认知负向影响住院医师的情绪耗竭,心理弹性在角色认知与情绪耗竭之间起部分中介作用。结论:提升住院医师的角色认知和心理弹性,可以有效减轻其情绪耗竭程度。建议加强职业角色教育,明确职业发展路径,优化工作环境,增强实践教育和反馈机制,以及提供心理弹性培训和社会支持网络,以提高住院医师的工作满意度和医疗质量。强调薪酬体系的透明及绩效考核机制的公正性,以减少经济压力对情绪耗竭的影响。

翻译文体的认知诠释——以杨宪益和霍克斯《红楼梦》译本为考查中心

结合《红楼梦》语料库,从类符形符比、词汇密度、词长分布等方面对比分析杨宪益和霍克斯两种《红楼梦》译本,结果显示二者的译文均呈现明显的显化特征。在此基础上,文章主要结合激活扩散理论和阐释学原理探讨翻译文体产生的认知原因,进而指出译者由于具有双重认知身份,在翻译过程中常常需要以文本方式补充原文隐含的逻辑关系以及缺失的文化因素,从而降低译文的阅读难度,并提升译文的阅读体验。然而,译者的这种处理方式颇为特殊,其宛如在原文和译文的夹缝中求生存。这就从根本上决定了译文和写作属于不同的认知过程:译文的创作必然会带有译语环境以及译者个人的鲜明特征,这就注定了翻译文体出现的必然性和独特性。

大学生创造性思维的性别差异:认知风格与性别观念的影响

通过将多维性别界定为生理性别、大脑认知风格和性别角色三种维度,以2018—2019学年736名大学生为研究对象,采用有调节的中介模型,可探究多维性别对大学生创造性思维的影响以及作用机制。研究结果表明:(1)代表社会性别的大脑认知风格和性别角色对于大学生创造性思维具有显著促进作用;(2)性别角色在生理性别与大学生创造性思维间存在显著中介效应,双性化性别角色的中介效应值最强;(3)大脑认知风格在生理性别与大学生创造性思维间存在显著中介效应,且中介效应受到双性化性别角色的调节。基于此,家长应鼓励幼儿阶段的孩子进行多样化性别表达,避免在早期用性别刻板印象限制孩子性别角色的多样化发展;建议中小学校和高等院校为学生们提供有利于个人性别角色多样发展的环境,营造更为平等友好的性别文化氛围,支持他们根据自身特点开展多样化性别表达,使双性化性别角色的人格特质得到进一步发展,进而最终实现大学生创造性思维的提升。

面向自适应学习的高校教师教学变革与角色转变

信息技术的发展和智能化潮流为教育领域提供了新的教育载体、手段与方式。现代心理学的理论成果与电子技术及智能化的兴起,叠加催生了自适应学习技术。如同慕课、翻转课堂、微课的兴起所带来的教育技术与教育理念的拓展,自适应学习系统正在并将进一步掀起教育领域的变革。在自适应学习场景下,高校教师在学生个体认知成长的伴行过程中,他们是人类认知发展的参与者,也是学生个体深度认知提升的引导者,他们更应当是智能化时代教育革新的实践探索者与人类文明的推动者。

“智能编辑人”:生成式人工智能对编辑角色的认知重塑

迈入智能时代,编辑从业者的工作流程表现出智能化、协作化和交互化的特征,推动传统编辑人向“智能编辑人”转变,带来思维逻辑、技术能力与实践方式等方面的变革。生成式人工智能渗入编辑工作,与之相伴随的是智能滥觞导致的思维风险、智能“黑箱”与实践失重,需通过知识为要、智慧创生、战略实践等策略来破解“智能编辑人”所遭遇的现实难题。

高职院校体育社团的角色认知与运行模式探析

随着学生主体性地位的加强,体育社团的综合育人价值在高职院校的人才培养实践中得以体现,为各校与有关部门所重视,但对其内涵的认知偏差导致了部分学校体育社团活动开展不畅甚至畸形发展。该研究立足于体育社团本质价值,从江苏省高职院校的体育社团实际出发,采用文献资料法、专家访谈法、实地考察法等研究方法,对高职体育社团的角色认知和运行模式进行研究,旨在为体育社团的良性发展提供理论参考。

高职院校产业学院双导师:角色生成、培育困境与纾解路径

高职院校产业学院双导师队伍是培养高素质技术技能人才的主力军,是产业学院运行发展与育人效能发挥的重要力量。运用角色理论,分析产业学院双导师角色生成的过程,可以将产业学院双导师角色分为示范引领型、自我驱动型、任务驱动型、目标功利型、被动应付型等五种类型。当前,高职院校产业学院双导师在角色扮演中面临着角色认知不充分、角色互动不深入、角色激励不突出等多重困境。针对这些困境,可以通过从角色模糊到角色适应,绘制角色认知图谱;从角色进入到角色转型,寻求角色互动策略;从角色淡漠到角色激活,激发角色激励引擎等路径,促进高职院校产业学院双导师角色的精准定位及精准培养。

思想政治教育对象的角色冲突与化解路径

思想政治教育对象是思想政治教育学的基本范畴,从社会角色理论阐释思想政治教育对象的角色认知、角色冲突与角色调适问题,可提升思想政治教育的有效性。以不同社会关系为基础的系统是塑造思想政治教育对象角色的情境条件,由社会阶级关系搭建的政治系统分化出思想政治教育子系统,赋予思想政治教育对象以“意识形态接受者”的客体型角色;而由教育关系生成的思想政治教育子系统,则给予思想政治教育对象以“思想政治教育互动者”的主体型角色。社会关系及其社会期待的差异导致思想政治教育对象存在角色间冲突与角色内冲突,前者表现为价值目标、行为方式、情感态度的冲突,后者彰显为角色认知冲突。因此,需采用以内解决与外解决为基本形式的化解路径,即思想政治教育对象的自我调适与思想政治教育者的外在引导以消解角色冲突。

新时代职业教育教师的适应性发展:内涵阐释、基本表征及实践路径

职业教育高质量发展是新时代职业教育发展的理想样态,增强职业教育适应性成为推动现阶段职业教育内涵式发展的关键。职业教育教师作为推动职业教育高质量发展的主体,其适应性发展更是职业教育发展的必然之义。从职业教育教师适应性发展的表征来看,主要体现在角色认知、育人目标、专业素养、数字能力层面的适应性。新时代职业教育教师的适应性发展可从本体追寻、应然起点、关键核心、现实指向等方面寻求实践路径,进而加强职业教育高素质高技能人才培养,构建现代化职业教育体系。

ICU过渡期护理人员角色认知质性研究的Meta整合

目的 系统评价ICU过渡期护理人员对个体角色的认知,为实施优质的ICU过渡期护理提供参考。方法 计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、CINAHL、Embase、Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库,搜索ICU过渡期护理人员对自身角色认知的质性研究,检索时限均从建库至2023年2月。采用Meta整合方法对纳入文献的研究结果进行归纳、诠释、总结。结果 共纳入13篇文献,提炼出50个结果,将相似结果归纳为10个新的类别,并综合成4个整合结果:保障护理连续性,提供健康教育、知识技术及情感支持,保障ICU过渡期护理安全,促进护理服务质量及康复结局转归。结论 护士视角下ICU过渡期护理人员发挥多样化的角色作用,伴有较强的角色认同感。护理管理者应扩大ICU过渡期护理人员角色范畴,优化角色内涵,构建优质化ICU过渡期护理团队。

基于家属赋权的健康教育结合产后模块化营养干预对初产妇母乳喂养认知行为及母亲角色适应能力的影响

目的 探究基于家属赋权的健康教育结合产后模块化营养干预对初产妇母乳喂养认知行为及母亲角色适应能力的影响。方法 选择2020年4月至2022年5月我院收治的80例初产妇作为研究对象,以随机数字表法将其分为对照组和观察组,每组40例。对照组接受常规护理干预,观察组在对照组基础上加施基于家属赋权的健康教育结合产后模块化营养干预。比较两组的干预效果。结果 干预后,观察组的母乳喂养认知掌握程度和母乳喂养自信心量表(BSES)评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组的角色适应问卷(RAQ)各维度评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。干预后,观察组的家庭照顾者照顾能力量表(FCTI)评分低于对照组,泌乳量评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组产后42 d、3个月的纯母乳喂养率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论 基于家属赋权的健康教育结合产后模块化营养干预用于初产妇产后护理中可改善初产妇的母乳喂养认知行为、泌乳情况及母亲角色适应能力,提高家属赋权者的照护能力。

新时期大学教师职业角色研究综述及其研究框架构建

教师是促成国家职业教育变革的关键因素,不仅要具备知识传递、科学研究的能力,更要具备服务社会发展的职能。随着人工智能、大数据等技术的发展,大学教师的职业角色面临着被工具化、边缘化和模糊化的危机,如何明晰角色使命并通过实践提升认知成为教师发展的一个重要命题。本文在梳理近年国内外针对大学教师角色认知及其影响因素的文献基础上,构建了大学教师职业角色“影响因素-认知评价-应对策略”的研究框架,可以为后续的教师角色认知提升研究提供支撑。

行为分阶段转变理论干预模式对初产妇母乳喂养认知水平的影响

目的:评估行为分阶段转变理论行为分阶段转变理论(TTM)干预模式对初产妇母乳喂养认知水平的影响。方法:选择2022年6月-2024年1月三明市第一医院收治的150例初产妇作为研究对象,通过摸球法分组,奇数为对照组(n=75),偶数为试验组(n=75)。对照组接受常规护理干预,试验组采用TTM干预模式。比较两组母乳喂养认知水平、自我效能、母亲角色适应情况、母乳喂养情况。结果:干预1个月后,两组母乳喂养技能、母乳喂养益处评分及总分高于干预前,且试验组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);干预1个月后、6个月后,两组内心活动维度、技能维度评分高于干预前,且试验组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);试验组产后3个月母亲角色适应情况优于对照组,产后1周、1个月、3个月、6个月母乳喂养率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:TTM干预模式能有效提高初产妇的母乳喂养认知水平、自我效能和母亲角色适应情况和母乳喂养率。

高管认知风格、角色宽度自我效能感对创新导向的影响研究——基于制造业上市公司的实证分析

经济形势的快速变化促进了企业创新,选择合适的创新导向成为现代企业面临的重大议题。文章对通过问卷调查所获取的相关数据进行实证分析,验证了三种认知风格对创新导向的影响,以及角色宽度效能感在其中的中介效应。结果表明:制造业高层管理者的认知风格和企业创新导向显著相关;高管认知风格可对角色宽度自我效能感产生正向影响,企业的创新导向受高角色宽度自我效能感的影响。此外,角色宽度自我效能感还作为制造业高层管理者的认知风格与创新导向之间的中介变量存在。文章对管理者推进创新导向变革具有良好的借鉴意义。

我国受众对韩剧的解读研究——以《大长今》为例

从1997年到2007年,韩剧作为一种外来文化产品在我国风靡了10余载,使很多中国观众产生了情感共鸣、文化与价值认同。该研究以我国观众对《大长今》的解读为切入点,通过定量研究方法对我国《大长今》受众进行考察,研究以社会心理学中的个体感知理论为理论基础,运用语义差异量表、三维空间图并辅以文本分析考察观众对角色的意义建构。希望通过观众对《大长今》的解读,考察观众对韩剧的解码特征,研究韩剧在我国的受众群,分析受众对韩剧的解码方式、偏好及解读差异,进而为我国受众研究积累基础性的研究资料。