Reflection of three-dimensional plane waves at the free surface of a rotating triclinic half-space under the context of generalized thermoelasticity

The reflection of three-dimensional(3D) plane waves in a highly anisotropic(triclinic) medium under the context of generalized thermoelasticity is studied. The thermoelastic nature of the 3D plane waves in an anisotropic medium is investigated in the perspective of the three-phase-lag(TPL), dual-phase-lag(DPL), Green-Naghdi-III(GNIII), Lord-Shulman(LS), and classical coupled(CL) theories. The reflection coefficients and energy ratios for all the reflected waves are obtained in a mathematical form. The rotational effects on the reflection characteristics of the 3D waves are discussed under the context of generalized thermoelasticity. Comparative analyses for the reflection coefficients of the waves among these generalized thermoelastic theories are performed. The energy ratios for each of the reflected waves establish the energy conservation law in the reflection phenomena of the plane waves. The highly anisotropic materials along with the rotation may have a significant role in the phenomenon of the reflection behavior of the 3D waves. Numerical computations are performed for the graphical representation of the study.

Three-dimensional channel flow of second grade fluid in rotating frame

An analysis is performed for the hydromagnetic second grade fluid flow between two horizontal plates in a rotating system in the presence of a magnetic field. The lower sheet is considered to be a stretching sheet, and the upper sheet is a porous solid plate. By suitable transformations, the equations of conservation of mass and momentum are reduced to a system of coupled non-linear ordinary differential equations. A series of solutions to this coupled non-linear system are obtained by a powerful analytic technique, i.e., the homotopy analysis method （HAM）. The results are presented with graphs. The effects of non-dimensional parameters R, A, M2, a, and K2 on the velocity field are discussed in detail.

The Development of Highly Loaded Turbine Rotating Blades by Using 3D Optimization Design Method of Turbomachinery Blades Based on Artificial Neural Network & Genetic Algorithm

In order to improve turbine internal efficiency and lower manufacturing cost, a new highly loaded rotating blade has been developed. The 3D optimization design method based on artificial neural network and genetic algorithm is adopted to construct the blade shape. The blade is stacked by the center of gravity in radial direction with five sections. For each blade section, independent suction and pressure sides are constructed from the camber line using Bezier curves. Three-dimensional flow analysis is carried out to verify the performance of the new blade. It is found that the new blade has improved the blade performance by 0.5%. Consequently, it is verified that the new blade is effective to improve the turbine internal efficiency and to lower the turbine weight and manufacturing cost by reducing the blade number by about 15%.

Giant Asymmetric Transmission and Optical Rotation of a Three-Dimensional Metamaterial

We show that giant asymmetric transmission and optical rotation for linear polarizations can be achieved by a chiral three-dimensional metamaterial composed of L-shaped and C-shaped metallic particles. Numerical calcu- lations on the electric field distributions indicate that the coupling between the electric dipolar and quadrupolar resonances in the L- and C-shaped metallic particles contributes to these effects.

VISUALIZATION OF FLOW THROUGH A ROTATING U-BEND DUCT

The flow through a rotating U bend duct is investigated by means of visualization. The U bend duct has a cross section of 50 mm×50 mm and a ratio of bend mean radius R c to hydraulic diameter of the duct D of 0.65. The rotation axis is parallel with the bend axis. Three cases with rotation number of Ro=-0.2, 0 and 0.2, respectively, are studied at a Reynolds number of 100 000. The results show that the combined effect of rotation and bend curvature strongly influences the flow field, especially in the downstream region of the bend. The evident difference among the flow patterns with different rotation number shows that the secondary flow induced by Coriolis force takes an important role in determining the flow structure.

Three-dimensional analysis of slopes reinforced with piles

Based on the upper bound of limit analysis, the plane-strain analysis of the slopes reinforced with a row of piles to the 3D case was extended. A 3D rotational failure mechanism was adopted to yield the upper bound of the factor of safety. Parametric studies were carried out to explore the end effects of the slope failures and the effects of the pile location and diameter on the safety of the reinforced slopes. The results demonstrate that the end effects nearly have no effects on the most suitable location of the installed piles but have significant influence on the safety of the slopes. For a slope constrained to a narrow width, the slope becomes more stable owing to the contribution of the end effects. When the slope is reinforced with a row of piles in small space between piles, the effects of group piles are significant for evaluating the safety of slopes. The presented method is more appropriate for assessing the stability of slopes reinforced with piles and can be also utilized in the design of plies stabilizing the unstable slopes.

Three‑Dimensional Numerical Study on the Metal Rotating Spray Transfer Process of High‑Current GMAW

A three-dimensional numerical model based on the volume-of-fluid(VOF)method is typically preferred for studying high-current gas metal arc welding(GMAW)metal transfer mechanism and then controlling it.It is informed that the rotating spray transfer is extremely complicated,and some researchers have focused on simplified models without considering the energy conservation to make analysis manageable for the unstable metal transfer process.Using our created numerical model,the metal transfer of high-current GMAW with shielding gas of different conductivities has been studied by analyzing acting forces and fluid flows in the metal liquid column,especially for the contributions of the self-induced electromagnetic force,equivalent volume force of the capillary pressure of the surface tension(Named surface tension force in this work),static arc pressure.It is found that the unbalanced electromagnetic force greatly promotes the metal rotating motion in 500 A metal inert gas(MIG)welding with pure argon shielding gas and it pushes the metal liquid column to rotate.Considering the arc constricting effect in active shielding gas by simply changing the arc conductivity,it is found that the metal liquid column no longer rotates,it turns to swing since the unbalanced electromagnetic force is large enough to break the rotating motion.The calculated results of the metal liquid column deflected angle and rotating/swing frequency agree well with the experiment of high-speed camera observations.

Hall Effects on Unsteady MHD Three Dimensional Flow through a Porous Medium in a Rotating Parallel Plate Channel with Effect of Inclined Magnetic Field

In this paper, we make an initial value investigation of the unsteady flow of incompressible viscous fluid between two rigid non-conducting rotating parallel plates bounded by a porous medium under the influence of a uniform magnetic field of strength H0 inclined at an angle of inclination α with normal to the boundaries taking hall current into account. The perturbations are created by a constant pressure gradient along the plates in addition to the non-torsional oscillations of the upper plate while the lower plate is at rest. The flow in the porous medium is governed by the Brinkman’s equations. The exact solution of the velocity in the porous medium consists of steady state and transient state. The time required for the transient state to decay is evaluated in detail and the ultimate quasi-steady state solution has been derived analytically. Its behaviour is computationally discussed with reference to the various governing parameters. The shear stresses on the boundaries are also obtained analytically and their behaviour is computationally discussed.

PFNA2 versus 95 Degree Condylar Blade Plate in the Management of Unstable Trochanteric Fractures

Purpose: The proximal femoral nail anti-rotation (PFNA) is known to have advantages in enhancing the anchorage ability of internal fixation in elderly unstable osteoporotic intertrochanteric fracture patients. However whether it is superior to condylar blade fixation is not clear. This study aimed to determine which treatment has better clinical outcomes in older patients. Materials and Methods: A total of 86 patients over the age of 60 with unstable trochanteric fractures within the past 3 weeks, were included in this prospective study conducted from June 1, 2018, to May 31, 2021. All the intertrochanteric fractures were classified according to AO/OTA classification. Among them, 44 cases were treated with the Proximal Femoral Nail (PFNA2) with or without an augmentation screw, and 42 cases were treated with the Condylar Blade Plate. In addition, the operative time, intraoperative blood loss, intraoperative and postoperative blood transfusion, postoperative weight-bearing time, hospitalization time, Harris score of hip function, Kyle’s criteria and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Results: The mean duration of surgery for the PFN group was 66.8 minutes (on average), whereas for the condylar blade plate group, it was 99.30 minutes (on average). The PFNA2 group experienced less blood loss (average of 80 mL) compared to the condylar blade plate group (average of 120 mL). Union and partial weight-bearing occurred earlier in the PFNA2 group (14.1 weeks and 10.6 weeks, respectively) compared to the Condylar blade plate group (18.7 weeks and 15.8 weeks). In two patients from the PFNA2 group, screw backing out and varus collapse complications were encountered;however, these patients remained asymptomatic and did not require revision surgery. In two other patients, screw cut out and breakage of the nail at the helical screw hole leading to non-union of the proximal femur were observed during the nine-month follow-up, necessitating revision surgery with prosthetic replacement. Among the condylar blade plate group, three patients experienced complications, including blade breakage at the blade and plate junction. In two cases, the fracture united in varus, and in one case, the blade cut through, resulting in non-union of the femoral head, which required revision surgery. According to the Harris hip score and Kyle’s criteria, a good-excellent outcome was observed in 92.85% of cases in the PFNA2 group and 90.90% of cases in the condylar blade plate group. Conclusion: Both the Proximal Femoral Nail A2 and Condylar blade plate are effective implants for the treatment of unstable trochanteric fractures. The intramedullary implant promotes biological healing and allows for early ambulation with minimal complications. Similarly satisfactory restoration of anatomy and favorable radiological and functional results can be achieved with the biological fixation provided by the 95-degree condylar blade plate. However, the use of PFNA2 internal fixation technique has the advantage of less trauma in elderly patients than the 95-degree condylar blade plate.

Experimental Study of Rotational Effect on Stalling

Tomographic particle image velocimetry(TPIV)and static pressure measurements are performed in a wind tunnel on a scaled model of the rotor blade of a 5 kW horizontal-axis wind turbine designed by using the blade element momentum method.This study is to investigate the physics of the stall-delay phenomenon observed for a rotating blade.The TPIV experiments are conducted at several span-wise locations of the blade.The separated flow from the rotating blade is studied and compared with the case of the static stall at similar angles of attack and Reynolds number Re.

Experimental Investigation of Unsteady Pressure on an Axial Compressor Rotor Blade Surface

The inherent unsteady pressure fluctuations on the rotating blade suction surface of an axial compressor were experimentally measured by directly mounting five high response miniature pressure transducers into the rotor blade along a streamline at 50% span respectively. The results show that the unsteady pressure fluctuations of rotor blade surface could be measured successfully by this means. The relations about the period, altitude of unsteady pressure with rotating speed, the discipline of pressure fluctuation along the streamwise direction were obtained.

Two and Three Dimensions of Generalized Thermoelastic Medium without Energy Dissipation under the Effect of Rotation

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of rotation on the general three-dimensional model of the equations of the generalized thermoelasticity for a homogeneous isotropic elastic half-space solid. The problem is studied in the context of the Green-Naghdi theory of type II (without energy dissipation). The normal mode analysis is used to obtain the expressions for the temperature, thermal stress, strain and displacement. The distributions of variables considered are represented graphically.

涡轮钻具定转子三维叶型的设计方法研究

为了研究涡轮三维叶型的水力性能,基于等环量法提出了一种涡轮三维叶型的理论造型方法,并推导出了该涡轮三维叶型的特性参数计算方法。利用ANSYS Fluent对同尺寸下的涡轮三维叶型和二维叶型进行了数值模拟分析其水力特性。研究结果表明:与二维叶型相比,涡轮三维叶型的压降减小约50%,水力效率提高约5%。对比了三维叶型涡轮扭矩的理论计算结果与仿真结果,发现它们的误差在10%左右,在实际工程允许范围内。研究结果可为涡轮三维叶型的设计提供理论依据。

燃气轮机透平叶片旋转内部冷却通道研究现状与发展趋势

【目的】透平叶片高效内部冷却技术对提高燃气轮机热效率至关重要,高温透平动叶作为燃气轮机的重要部件,对其冷却性能的把握显得尤为重要。由于科里奥利力(科氏力)、浮升力和通道结构对高温透平动叶内部通道冷却性能影响显著,因此,基于这些影响,总结归纳高温透平动叶内部冷却通道的研究现状与发展趋势。【方法】介绍了旋转内部冷却通道的新型结构设计,提出了一种适用于双层壁叶片构型的新型旋转内部冷却通道结构。【结论】双侧强化U形通道可以利用科氏力的强化换热作用,导致其冷却性能优于传统旋转U形通道,燃机透平动叶内部冷却有着广阔的提升空间。

双级可转导叶压气机性能研究

压气机的稳定性是保证压气机其他性能及燃气轮机正常运行的基础,而压气机存在着失速、喘振等不稳定现象,这种不稳定流动会严重影响整机运行的稳定性。导叶/静叶可调是一种防止喘振从而避免压气机进入失稳流动的有效措施。该文介绍了一个集成式压气机实验台,除了可进行高精度可转导叶性能研究外,还可进行压气机不同叶片综合性能和局部特性实验测量工作,且其数据采集集成系统可满足实时准确观测实验台相关参数的需求。通过实验与数值模拟相结合的方法对2.5级轴流压气机进行了研究,通过逐级调节进口导叶和一级静叶的旋转角度,获得了叶片调节角度与压气机效率之间的对应关系。

基于多视数据重构损失标定的叶片型面光学检测

航发叶片型面检测是保证叶片加工质量、工作性能和使用寿命的关键环节。对此,该文开发一套基于线激光器的叶片型面检测平台;在完成线激光器与叶片相对位姿校准及Z向测量基准建立基础上,实现叶片型面特定截面处型线数据的多视采集;提出一种基于多视数据重构损失标定回转中心的型线重构方法。以两种典型燃气轮机导向叶片为检测对象,所提出方法获取的检测数据与三坐标测量机检测数据的对比结果表明,轮廓度检测平均绝对偏差在0.022 mm以内,最大标准偏差为0.0186 mm,最大RMS估计为0.0251 mm;特征参数检测最大偏差为0.0401mm。实验结果验证了所提出方法面向叶片型面检测的可行性。

压气机内部旋转不稳定的研究综述

旋转不稳定是压气机工作在高负荷近失速工况时的一种常见现象。研究旋转不稳定在降低压气机工作噪声、减小流致振动以及保障航空发动机稳定工作等方面具有重要意义。首先对旋转不稳定现象进行了回顾,详细讨论了旋转不稳定的特征。其次,重点调研了旋转不稳定的起源和机理,将旋转不稳定产生的原因归纳为叶尖泄漏流、涡脱落以及流动剪切等类别。此外,回顾了模拟旋转不稳定的数值方法,讨论了多种流动控制手段对旋转不稳定的作用效果。最后,对旋转不稳定的研究现状进行了总结,对未来的研究趋势进行了展望。

不同风速对单桩式海上风电机组塔筒动态特性的影响

基于ANSYS有限元软件对NREL 5 MW单桩式海上风电机组塔筒系统进行三维实体建模,在考虑土构耦合与叶轮旋转作用下,模拟分析不同风速对塔筒结构动态响应特性的影响。选取机组切入风速3 m/s与切出风速25 m/s区间内6种平均风速及与之对应的叶轮转速作为模拟工况,分析结果表明:随着风速和叶轮转速的增加,塔筒结构的模态频率逐渐增大,前两阶模态频率变化最为明显;塔筒位移量峰值增大,但增幅减小,位移量呈非线性增长趋势;塔筒等效应力值随之增大,但变化趋势与位移量不同,大致为线性增长;塔筒疲劳寿命急剧下降,但都远超实际工作时长,疲劳损伤与安全系数危险值主要分布在塔筒底部与单桩处,与最大等效应力分布位置吻合。

不同叶高水平的透平叶片气动特性分析

为了能够通过CFD手段优化透平叶片气动性能,本文使用雷诺平均方法针对工程上应用的66、44以及22 mm共3种典型叶高水平的透平模型进行了数值模拟,并将计算结果同实验测量结果进行了对比。同时,使用大涡模拟数值方法对22 mm叶高的模型进行非定常计算,得到了与实验结果吻合更好的等熵效率、质量流量等流场宏观参数,在三维流场上透平叶片的叶根与叶顶处的流动更为复杂。研究结果表明:雷诺平均方法可以对66和44 mm叶高的透平模型进行较准确的评估,对于22 mm叶高的透平,只有大涡模拟方法才能够清晰地捕捉到端壁区域紊乱的流动细节。叶片端部区域损失较大,雷诺平均方法处理得到的短叶片端壁区域丢失了流动的脉动细节,导致无法进行准确计算其端壁区域的流动。

高转速背景下涡轮分子泵的发展机遇与挑战

传统直叶片结构的涡轮分子泵在高转速的背景下面临着新的发展机遇与挑战,为了突破当前遇到的“涡轮分子泵的抽气速率随着涡轮转速增加到一定程度以后就不再增加,仿佛进入了一个饱和状态”的瓶颈问题,文章从分子气体动力学基本原理出发,采用蒙特卡洛方法,分析了涡轮转速提高以后给涡轮分子泵的抽气机制带来的新变化,发现了传统直叶片结构的抽气叶列和抽气模式与目前达到的高转速不匹配限制了抽速的提升,但高转速背景下又为其抽气性能的提升提供了可能。理论分析和研究发现在涡轮叶列中设置随叶片半径变化的扭转叶片是突破瓶颈的途径,论述了设置扭转叶片的根本原因,提出了高转速小角度的设计理念和新型扭转叶片的几何建模的方法,以期实现最佳叶列结构的设计与求解,为研制高转速下高性能、高适应性涡轮分子泵提供理论依据与技术支撑,也为将来涡轮分子泵的结构优化设计提供了一个方向。