Intelligent optimization method for the dynamic scheduling of hot metal ladles of one-ladle technology on ironmaking and steelmaking interface in steel plants

The one-ladle technology requires an efficient ironmaking and steelmaking interface. The scheduling of the hot metal ladle in the steel plant determines the overall operational efficiency of the interface. Considering the strong uncertainties of real-world production environments, this work studies the dynamic scheduling problem of hot metal ladles and develops a data-driven three-layer approach to solve this problem. A dynamic scheduling optimization model of the hot metal ladle operation with a minimum average turnover time as the optimization objective is also constructed. Furthermore, the intelligent perception of industrial scenes and autonomous identification of disturbances, adaptive configuration of dynamic scheduling strategies, and real-time adjustment of schedules can be realized. The upper layer generates a demand-oriented prescheduling scheme for hot metal ladles. The middle layer adaptively adjusts this scheme to obtain an executable schedule according to the actual supply–demand relationship. In the lower layer, three types of dynamic scheduling strategies are designed according to the characteristics of the dynamic disturbance in the model:real-time flexible fine-tuning, local machine adjustment, and global rescheduling. Case test using 24 h production data on a certain day during the system operation of a steel plant shows that the method and system can effectively reduce the fluctuation and operation time of the hot metal ladle and improve the stability of the ironmaking and steelmaking interface production rhythm. The data-driven dynamic scheduling strategy is feasible and effective, and the proposed method can improve the operation efficiency of hot metal ladles.

The use of carbon-based particle electrodes in three-dimensional electrode reactors for wastewater treatment

The use of three-dimensional(3D)electrodes in water treatment is competitive because of their high catalytic efficiency,low energy consumption and promising development.The use of particle electrodes is a key research focus in this technology.They are usually in the form of particles that fill the space between the cathode and anode,and the selection of materials used is important.Carbon-based materials are widely used because of their large specific surface area,good adsorption performance,high chemical stability and low cost.The principles of 3D electrode technology are introduced and recent research on its use for degrading organic pollutants using carbon-based particle electrodes is summarized.The classification of particle electrodes is introduced and the challenges for the future development of carbon-based particle electrodes in wastewater treatment are discussed.

Application of Digital Technology in Road and Bridge Design

With the development and progress of science and technology,road and bridge design has experienced rapid development,from the initial manual drawing design to the popularity of Computer-Aided Design(CAD),and then to today’s digital software design era.Early designers relied on hand-drawn paper design forms which was time-consuming and error-prone.Digital support for road and bridge design not only saves the design time but the design quality has also achieved a qualitative leap.This paper engages in the application of digital technology in road and bridge design,to provide technical reference for China’s road and bridge engineering design units,to promote the popularity of Civil3D and other advanced design software in the field of engineering design and development,ultimately contributing to the sustainable development of China’s road and bridge engineering.

Material flow control technology of ironmaking and steelmaking interface

In order to achieve higher efficient cohesion match of procedure and equipment between ironmaking and steelmaking interface, the theory of multi-dimensional material flow control was applied to analyze torpedo ladle-iron ladle transportation process between blast furnace and basic oxygen furnace. Moreover, basic parameters of material flow were analyzed and optimized, such as time, temperature and material quantity. Based on operating principles of material flow, control methods were optimized, such as product organization mode, scheduling discipline and scheduling plan of hot metal ladle. Finally, the material flow control technology of ironmaking and steelmaking interface was integrated. Satisfactory effects are obtained after applying the technology in practice. The total turnover number of torpedo ladle decreases from 20 to 18, the hot metal temperature of 1# BF torpedo ladle decreases from 36 °C to 19.5 °C, the hot metal temperature of 2# BF torpedo ladle decreases from 36.6 °C to 19.8 °C, the temperature drop of desulfurization hot metal decreases by 4 °C, and the temperature drop of non-desulfurization hot metal decreases by 2.8 °C. Furthermore, the ironmaking and steelmaking interface system will realize high-efficiency control by using this control technology.

Three-dimensional printing technology for patient-matched instrument in treatment of cubitus varus deformity:A case report

BACKGROUND Recently,medical three-dimensional printing technology(3DPT)has demonstrated potential benefits for the treatment of cubitus varus deformity(CVD)by improving accuracy of the osteotomy through the use of an osteotomy guide,with or without a patient-mated plate.Here,we present an interesting CVD case,involving a patient who was treated with corrective biplanar chevron osteotomy using an innovative customized osteotomy guide and a newly designed patient-matched monoblock crosslink plate created with 3DPT.CASE SUMMARY A 32-year-old female presented with a significant CVD from childhood injury.A computer simulation was processed using images from computerized tomography scans of both upper extremities.The biplanar chevron osteotomy was designed to create identical anatomy between the mirror image of the contralateral distal humerus and the osteotomized distal humerus.Next,the customized osteotomy guide and patient-matched monoblock crosslink plate were designed and printed.A simulation osteotomy was created for the real-sized bone model,and the operation was performed using the posterior paratricipital approach with k-wire positioning from the customized osteotomy guide as a predrilled hole for screw fixation to achieve immediate control of the reduction after osteotomy.Our method allowed for successful treatment of the CVD case,significantly improving the patient’s radiographic and clinical outcomes,with satisfactory result.CONCLUSION 3DPT-created patient-matched osteotomy guide and instrumentation provides accurate control during CVD correction.

A STUDY ON STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS AND SINGULAR STRESS FIELDS OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL INTERFACE CRACK

By using the finite-part integral concepts and limit technique,the hypersingular inte- grodifferential equations ofthree-dimensional(3D)planar interface crack were obtained; then thedominant-part analysis of 2D hypersingular integral was further usedto investigate the stress fields near the crack front theoretically,and the accurate formulae were obtained for the singular stressfields and the complex stress intensity factors.

Application and Analysis of Computer Virtual Simulation Technology in Three-dimensional Animation Production

With the continuous promotion of computer technology, the application system of virtual simulation technology has been further optimized and improved, and has been widely used in various fields of social development, such as urban construction, interior design, industrial simulation and tourism teaching. China's three-dimensional animation production started relatively late, but has achieved good results with the support of related advanced technology in the process of development. Computer virtual simulation technology is an important technical support in the production of three-dimensional animation. In this paper, firstly, the related content of computer virtual simulation technology was introduced. Then, the specific application of this technology in the production of three-dimensional animation was further elaborated, so as to provide some reference for the improvement of the production effect of three-dimensional animation in the future.

Application Status and Prospect of Three-Dimensional Printing Technology in the Field of Medical Devices

Three-dimensional(3D)printing technology belongs to a new manufacturing science and has been widely used in various fields of industry.This article will apply 3D printing technology as its main research topic,with emphasis on its application in the field of medical devices and prospects for contribution.

Application of Three-dimensional Laser Scanning Technology in the Teaching Practice of Surveying and Mapping of Ancient Buildings

Based on the study of the application of three-dimensional laser scanning technology in ancient building surveying and mapping,this paper briefly describes the working principle and flow of three-dimensional laser scanning technology.Based on the practical application,this paper puts forward the discussion of related problems and matters needing attention.This has a certain reference significance for the study of new technology in surveying and mapping of ancient buildings.

Digital measurement of bone tumor volume by CT three-dimensional reconstruction technology

Objective To discuss the measurement of bone tumor volume on the basis of three dimensional images segmentation technology. Methods Twenty patients with lacunar bone tumor from Tianjin Hospital and Tongji Hospital were included in the

AS-Interface接口技术及应用

阐述了AS Interface(ActuratorSensorInterface,简称AS I)接口技术的特点及其在自动控制系统中的应用。介绍了AS I接口技术的主要特性,产品的主要构成。分析了接口基本内容和AS I模块,给出了AS I的两种典型应用方案。可以看出,AS I是一个传感器 执行器 接口的技术,用两芯电缆传递数据和电源,用于自动化控制层的最底层,用简单经济的方式将二进制的数字化执行器和传感器连接起来,既可以直接连接到控制箱中,单独或与PLC,IPC一起独立就地运行;或与上层现场总线(Profibus,Interbus,Devi ceNet,CAN,Modbus,Modbus+,CC Link,Ethernet等)相连,作为现场总线的一个分支,应用于网络系统,从而满足工业控制的各种要求。

Research on CT characteristics reconstruction technology

The traditional computed tomography(CT)reconstruction methods are noisy,low resolution,poor contrast,and generally not suitable to detect the smaller flaws.Besides,the filter design is also difficult.The CT characteristics reconstruction technology was brought forward to improve in these aspects,which is defined to directly reconstruct the characteristics of the projection for the best requirements not the overall image quality.The two-dimension(2D)and three-dimension(3D)CT characteristics reconstruction algorithm were firstly introduced,then by detailed analysis,experimental results and comparsion of parameters calculated,its advantages in keeping better high-frequency feature,better noise immunity,short time-consuming and easier design are verified.

Patent Citations Analysis and Its Value in Research Evaluation： A Review and a New Approach to Map Technology-relevant Research

Purpose： First, to review the state-of-the-art in patent citation analysis, particularly characteristics of patent citations to scientific literature （scientific non-patent references, SNPRs）. Second, to present a novel mapping approach to identify technology-relevant research based on the papers cited by and referring to the SNPRs. Design/methodology/approach： In the review part we discuss the context of SNPRs such as the time lags between scientific achievements and inventions. Also patent-to-patent citation is addressed particularly because this type of patent citation analysis is a major element in the assessment of the economic value of patents. We also review the research on the role of universities and researchers in technological development, with important issues such as universities as sources of technological knowledge and inventor-author relations. We conclude the review part of this paper with an overview of recent research on mapping and network analysis of the science and technology interface and of technological progress in interaction with science. In the second part we apply new techniques for the direct visualization of the cited and citing relations of SNPRs, the mapping of the landscape around SNPRs by bibliographic coupling and co-citation analysis, and the mapping of the conceptual environment of SNPRs by keyword co-occurrence analysis. Findings： We discuss several properties of SNPRs. Only a small minority of publications covered by the Web of Science or Scopus are cited by patents, about 3%-4%. However, for publications based on university-industry collaboration the number of SNPRs is considerably higher, around 15%. The proposed mapping methodology based on a ＂second order SNPR approach＂ enables a better assessment of the technological relevance of research. Research limitations： The main limitation is that a more advanced merging of patent and publication data, in particular unification of author and inventor names, in still a necessity. Practical implications： The proposed mapping methodology enables the creation of a database of technology-relevant papers （TRPs）. In a bibliometric assessment the publications of research groups, research programs or institutes can be matched with the TRPs and thus the extent to which the work of groups, programs or institutes are relevant for technological development can be measured. Originality/value： The review part examines a wide range of findings in the research of patent citation analysis. The mapping approach to identify a broad range of technologyrelevant papers is novel and offers new opportunities in research evaluation practices.

Failure mechanism of bolting support and high-strength bolt-grouting technology for deep and soft surrounding rock with high stress

In deep underground mining, the surrounding rocks are very soft with high stress. Their deformation and destruction are serious, and frequent failures occur on the bolt support. The failure mechanism of bolt support is proposed to solve these problems. A calculation theory is established on the bond strength of the interface between the anchoring agent and surrounding rocks. An analysis is made on the influence law of different mechanical parameters of surrounding rocks on the interfacial bond strength. Based on the research, a new high-strength bolt-grouting technology is developed and applied on site. Besides, some helpful engineering suggestions and measures are proposed. The research shows that the serious deformation and failure, and the lower bond strength are the major factors causing frequent failures of bolt support. So, the bolt could not give full play to its supporting potential. It is also shown that as the integrity, strength, interface dilatancy and stress of surrounding rocks are improved, the bond strength will increase. So, the anchoring force on surrounding rocks can be effectively improved by employing an anchoring agent with high sand content, mechanical anchoring means, or grouting reinforcement. The new technology has advantages in a high strength, imposing pre-tightening force, and giving full play to the bolt supporting potential. Hence, it can improve the control effect on surrounding rocks. All these could be helpful references for the design of bolt support in deep underground mines.

Performance of interface between TRC and existing concrete under a chloride dry-wet cycle environment

Textile-reinforced concrete(TRC)is suitable to repair and reinforce concrete structures in harsh environments.The performance of the interface between TRC and existing concrete is an important factor in determining the strengthening effect of TRC.In this paper,a double-sided shear test was performed to investigate the effects of the chloride dry-wet cycles on the average shear strength and slip at the interface between the TRC and existing concrete,also considering the existing concrete strength,bond length,textile layer and short-cut fiber arrangements.In addition,X-ray diffraction(XRD)technology was used to analyze the microscopic matter at the interface in the corrosive environment.The experimental results indicate that the interface performance between TRC and existing concrete would decrease with continued chloride dry-wet cycles.Compared with the specimen with a single layer of textile reinforcement,the specimens with two layers of textile with added PVA or AR-glass short-cut fibers could further improve the properties of the interface between the TRC layer and existing concrete.For the TRC with a single layer of textile,the average shear strength tended to decrease with increasing bond length.In addition,the strength grade of the existing concrete had a minor effect on the interface properties.

Microfluidic three-dimensional cell culture of stem cells for high-throughput analysis

Although the recent advances in stem cell engineering have gained a great deal of attention due to their high potential in clinical research,the applicability of stem cells for preclinical screening in the drug discovery process is still challenging due to difficulties in controlling the stem cell microenvironment and the limited availability of high-throughput systems.Recently,researchers have been actively developing and evaluating three-dimensional(3D)cell culture-based platforms using microfluidic technologies,such as organ-on-a-chip and organoid-on-a-chip platforms,and they have achieved promising breakthroughs in stem cell engineering.In this review,we start with a comprehensive discussion on the importance of microfluidic 3D cell culture techniques in stem cell research and their technical strategies in the field of drug discovery.In a subsequent section,we discuss microfluidic 3D cell culture techniques for high-throughput analysis for use in stem cell research.In addition,some potential and practical applications of organ-on-a-chip or organoid-on-a-chip platforms using stem cells as drug screening and disease models are highlighted.

Experimental investigation on the invert stability of operating railway tunnels with different drainage systems using 3D printing technology

In recent years, the invert anomalies of operating railway tunnels in water-rich areas occur frequently,which greatly affect the transportation capacity of the railway lines. Tunnel drainage system is a crucial factor to ensure the invert stability by regulating the external water pressure(EWP). By means of a threedimensional(3D) printing model, this paper experimentally investigates the deformation behavior of the invert for the tunnels with the traditional drainage system(TDS) widely used in China and its optimized drainage system(ODS) with bottom drainage function. Six test groups with a total of 110 test conditions were designed to consider the design factors and environmental factors in engineering practice,including layout of the drainage system, blockage of the drainage system and groundwater level fluctuation. It was found that there are significant differences in the water discharge, EWP and invert stability for the tunnels with the two drainage systems. Even with a dense arrangement of the external blind tubes, TDS was still difficult to eliminate the excessive EWP below the invert, which is the main cause for the invert instability. Blockage of drainage system further increased the invert uplift and aggravated the track irregularity, especially when the blockage degree is more than 50%. However, ODS can prevent these invert anomalies by reasonably controlling the EWP at tunnel bottom. Even when the groundwater level reached 60 m and the blind tubes were fully blocked, the invert stability can still be maintained and the railway track experienced a settlement of only 1.8 mm. Meanwhile, the on-site monitoring under several rainstorms further showed that the average EWP of the invert was controlled within 84 k Pa, while the maximum settlement of the track slab was only 0.92 mm, which also was in good agreement with the results of model test.

Three-dimensional printed talar prosthesis with biological function for giant cell tumor of the talus:A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND Giant cell tumors(GCT)are most commonly seen in the distal femur.These tumors are uncommon in the small bones of the hand and feet,and a very few cases have been reported.A giant cell tumor of the talus is rarely seen clinically and could be a challenge to physicians.CASE SUMMARY We report a rare case of GCT of the talus in one patient who underwent a new reconstructive surgery technique using a three-dimensional(3D)printing talar prosthesis.The prosthesis shape was designed by tomographic image processing and segmentation using technology to match the intact side by mirror symmetry with 3D post-processing technologies.The patient recovered nearly full range of motion of the ankle after 6 mo.The visual analogue scale and American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society scores were 1 and 89 points,respectively.CONCLUSION We demonstrated that 3D printing of a talar prosthesis is a beneficial option for GCT of the talus.

Slope excavation quality assessment and excavated volume calculation in hydraulic projects based on laser scanning technology

Slope excavation is one of the most crucial steps in the construction of a hydraulic project. Excavation project quality assessment and excavated volume calculation are critical in construction management. The positioning of excavation projects using traditional instruments is inefficient and may cause error. To improve the efficiency and precision of calculation and assessment, three-dimensional laser scanning technology was used for slope excavation quality assessment. An efficient data acquisition, processing, and management workflow was presented in this study. Based on the quality control indices, including the average gradient, slope toe elevation, and overbreak and underbreak,cross-sectional quality assessment and holistic quality assessment methods were proposed to assess the slope excavation quality with laserscanned data. An algorithm was also presented to calculate the excavated volume with laser-scanned data. A field application and a laboratory experiment were carried out to verify the feasibility of these methods for excavation quality assessment and excavated volume calculation. The results show that the quality assessment indices can be obtained rapidly and accurately with design parameters and scanned data, and the results of holistic quality assessment are consistent with those of cross-sectional quality assessment. In addition, the time consumption in excavation quality assessment with the laser scanning technology can be reduced by 70%e90%, as compared with the traditional method. The excavated volume calculated with the scanned data only slightly differs from measured data, demonstrating the applicability of the excavated volume calculation method presented in this study.

OPEN ARCHITECTURE CNC SYSTEM HITCNC AND KEY TECHNOLOGY

Aiming at the characteristics of modularity and reconfigurable in open architecture computer numerical control （CNC） system, the open architecture CNC system, Harbin Institute of Tech- nology computer numerical control （HITCNC）, is researched and manufactured based on the interface standards. The system＇s external interfaces are coincident with the corresponding international standards, and the internal interfaces follow the open modular architecture controller （OMAC） agreement. In the research and manufacturing process, object-oriented technology is used to ensure the openness of the HITCNC, and static programming is applied in the CNC system according to the idea of modularization disassembly. The HITCNC also actualizes real-time and unreal-time modules adopting real-time dynamical linked library （RTDLL） and component object model （COM）. Finite state ma- chine （FSM） is adopted to do dynamically modeling of HITCNC. The complete separation between the software and the hardware is achieved in the HITCNC by applying the SoftSERCANS technique. The application of the above key techniques decreases the programming workload greatly, and uses software programs replacing hardware functions, which offers plenty technique ensures for the openness of HITCNC. Finally, based on the HITCNC, a three-dimensional milling system is established. On the system, series experiments are done to validate the expandability and interchangeability of HITCNC. The results of the experiments show that the established open architecture CNC system HITCNC is correct and feasible, and has good openness.