Design and Implementation of Three-dimensional Landscape Design System

Based on the characteristics of landscape design,it is considered that three-dimensional rendering and landscape animation are important forms for the display of landscape effect,and has pointed out that there exist some deficiencies in the application of relevant software in China.By using VRML and 3DS MAX,a three-dimensional landscape design system has been developed.Then,its functions have been described which are CAD outline drawing,construction cost estimation,virtual reality,subsequent landscape observation,resources expansion and web files generation.Finally,it has discussed the modeling of virtual landscape data base and VRML interaction.

Can preoperative planning using IRIS™three-dimensional anatomical virtual models predict operative findings during robot-assisted partial nephrectomy?

Objective To evaluate the predictive validity of IRIS™(Intuitive Surgical®,Sunnyvale,CA,USA)as a planning tool for robot-assisted partial nephrectomy(RAPN)by assessing the degree of overlap with intraoperative execution.Methods Thirty-one patients scheduled for RAPN by four experienced urologists were enrolled in a prospective study.Prior to surgery,urologists reviewed the IRIS™three-dimensional model on an iphone Operating System(iOS)app and completed a questionnaire outlining their surgical plan including surgical approach,and ischemia technique as well as confidence in executing this plan.Postoperatively,questionnaires assessing the procedural approach,clinical utility,efficiency,and effectiveness of IRIS™were completed.The degree of overlap between the preoperative and intraoperative questionnaires and between the planned approach and actual execution of the procedure was analyzed.Questionnaires were answered on a 5-point Likert scale and scores of 4 or greater were considered positive.Results Mean age was 65.1 years with a mean tumor size of 27.7 mm(interquartile range 17.5-44.0 mm).Hilar tumors consisted of 32.3%;48.4%of patients had R.E.N.A.L.nephrometry scores of 7-9.On preoperative questionnaires,the surgeons reported that in 67.7%cases they were confident that they can perform the procedure successfully,and on intraoperative questionnaires,the surgeons reported that in 96.8%cases IRIS™helped achieve good spatial sensation of the anatomy.There was a high degree of overlap between preoperative and intraoperative questionnaires for the surgical approach,interpreting anatomical details and clinical utility.When comparing plans for selective or off-clamp,the preoperative plan was executed in 90.0%of cases intraoperatively.Conclusion A high degree of overlap between the preoperative surgical approach and intraoperative RAPN execution was found using IRIS™.This is the first study to evaluate the predictive accuracy of IRIS™during RAPN by comparing preoperative plan and intraoperative execution.

APPLICATION OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL VISULIZATION IN SIMULATION OF GEOGRAPHICAL LANDSCAPE EVOLVEMENT

The value of application of three-dimensional visualization and animation technique in dynamic simulation of geographical landscape formation is analyzed and, in particular, how to simulate the formation and evolvement of geographical landscape in temporal dimension is discussed thoroughly. Based on various modeling tools in 3DS MAX and original DEM data of the study area acquired from topographic map, real three-dimensional terrain model is generated by using the method of three-dimensional mesh approximation through DEM interpolating and surface modeling, which leads to the realization of the dynamic visualization and simulation of volcanic landscape, formation and evolvement. Furthermore, the dynamic three-dimensional visual virtual scenery of the formation and evolvement of the volcano in the Changbai Mountains of Jilin, China, is constructed. The applicability, potential, and corresponding technique of using 3DS MAX to dynamically simulate the formation of geographical landscape are expatiated.

Foreign Landscape Architecture History Teaching by Introducing Three-dimensional Graphic Analysis:A Case Study of Italian Renaissance Gardens

Taking contents of Italian Renaissance gardens in the course Foreign Landscape Architecture History as an example,this paper introduces case teaching method and analyzes application of three-dimensional graphic analysis method in case teaching in detail,aiming at typical cases of Italian Renaissance gardens,namely,Villa Medici,Fiesole and Villa d’Este,Tivoli.Three-dimensional graphic analysis can help students form intuitive feeling of terrain and space,further understand the typical gardening techniques of foreign gardens,so as to improve the teaching effect of landscape architecture history course.

Microstructure modeling and virtual test of asphalt mixture based on three-dimensional discrete element method

The objective of this work is to model the microstructure of asphalt mixture and build virtual test for asphalt mixture by using Particle Flow Code in three dimensions(PFC^(3D))based on three-dimensional discrete element method.A randomly generating algorithm was proposed to capture the three-dimensional irregular shape of coarse aggregate.And then,modeling algorithm and method for graded aggregates were built.Based on the combination of modeling of coarse aggregates,asphalt mastic and air voids,three-dimensional virtual sample of asphalt mixture was modeled by using PFC^(3D).Virtual tests for penetration test of aggregate and uniaxial creep test of asphalt mixture were built and conducted by using PFC^(3D).By comparison of the testing results between virtual tests and actual laboratory tests,the validity of the microstructure modeling and virtual test built in this study was verified.Additionally,compared with laboratory test,the virtual test is easier to conduct and has less variability.It is proved that microstructure modeling and virtual test based on three-dimensional discrete element method is a promising way to conduct research of asphalt mixture.

Science Letters:Dynamic concision for three-dimensional reconstruction of human organ built with virtual reality modelling language (VRML)

This research studies the process of 3D reconstruction and dynamic concision based on 2D medical digital images using virtual reality modelling language (VRML) and JavaScript language, with a focus on how to realize the dynamic concision of 3D medical model with script node and sensor node in VRML. The 3D reconstruction and concision of body internal organs can be built with such high quality that they are better than those obtained from the traditional methods. With the function of dynamic concision, the VRML browser can offer better windows for man-computer interaction in real-time environment than ever before. 3D reconstruction and dynamic concision with VRML can be used to meet the requirement for the medical observation of 3D reconstruction and have a promising prospect in the fields of medical imaging.

Three-dimensional visualization and virtual reality simulation role in hepatic surgery:Further research warranted

Artificial intelligence(AI)is the study of algorithms that enable machines to analyze and execute cognitive activities including problem solving,object and word recognition,reduce the inevitable errors to improve the diagnostic accuracy,and decision-making.Hepatobiliary procedures are technically complex and the use of AI in perioperative management can improve patient outcomes as discussed below.Three-dimensional(3D)reconstruction of images obtained via ultrasound,computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging,can help surgeons better visualize the surgical sites with added depth perception.Preoperative 3D planning is associated with lesser operative time and intraoperative complications.Also,a more accurate assessment is noted,which leads to fewer operative complications.Images can be converted into physical models with 3D printing technology,which can be of educational value to students and trainees.3D images can be combined to provide 3D visualization,which is used for preoperative navigation,allowing for more precise localization of tumors and vessels.Nevertheless,AI enables surgeons to provide better,personalized care for each patient.

The Anne Frank House in Amsterdam＂ A Museum and Literary Landscape Goes Virtual Reality

The Anne Frank House, site of Anne Frank＇s place of hiding 1942-1944, has become a leading tourist attraction in Amsterdam and among heritage sites of the Holocaust. This paper reviews the historical context of the political events from 1933 to 1945, the circumstances for the betrayal, and arrest of the group in hiding, the saving of Anne Frank＇s diary and its publication after her death at the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp in March 1945. Further, the paper reconstructs the beginnings of the heritage site as a small museum at 263 Prinsengracht in 1960 as well as the management issues and capacity problems that led to a larger museum complex including an educational center in 1999. During the years of 2007-2010, when the annual visitation of the museum surpassed one million, the Anne Frank House decided to introduce a high quality 3D version of the Secret Annex on the Intemet. In the final part of the paper, trends in museum management and the more frequent uses of a digital documentation of heritages sites are reviewed.

Research on the Three-dimensional Modeling and Optimization of a Virtual Tower Crane Based on 3DS Max, Solidworks and EON Professional

Three-dimensional modeling of virtual hoisting machinery is the critical works to structure the system of virtual construction, and the foundation to realize intelligent and interactive virtual hoisting. Aimed at enhancing the requests of image quality and stability of the virtual construction scene, taking a tower crane for example. We studied the technology of three-dimensional modeling and optimization of a virtual tower crane, and a method named two-stage model optimization was put forward. This depended on the modeling stage using Solidworks and 3DS Max and the performance optimization stage in EON. The practice of software development indicates that the proposed methods of three-dimensional modeling and optimization could satisfy the performance request of virtual construction system and be popularized to other virtual system.

Three-dimensional suboptimal guidance law for fly-over and shoot-down smart ammunition via virtual target

An optimal burst height is required for the fly-over and shoot-down smart ammunition with an EFP warhead at the instant of explosion which brings a special requirement to the miss distance of the terminal guidance law. In this paper, a guidance law based on the virtual target scheme is proposed. First, the practical pursuit-evasion issue between the ammunition and the target with specific miss distance is transformed into a virtuai pursuit-evasion problem with zero miss distance. Secondly, a complete three-dimensional pursuit-evasion kinematics model is established without any simplifications. And then, a suboptimal guidance law is designed based on the θ-D method which has constraints of the elevation and azimuth angular velocity of the virtual line of sight （LOS）. Finally, in order to verify the performance of the proposed guidance law, three test cases are conducted. Numericai results show that under the proposed terminal guidance law, the smart ammunition not only can fly above the target with an optimal burst height but also have a smaller normal acceleration on the terminal trajectory.

Application and Analysis of Computer Virtual Simulation Technology in Three-dimensional Animation Production

With the continuous promotion of computer technology, the application system of virtual simulation technology has been further optimized and improved, and has been widely used in various fields of social development, such as urban construction, interior design, industrial simulation and tourism teaching. China's three-dimensional animation production started relatively late, but has achieved good results with the support of related advanced technology in the process of development. Computer virtual simulation technology is an important technical support in the production of three-dimensional animation. In this paper, firstly, the related content of computer virtual simulation technology was introduced. Then, the specific application of this technology in the production of three-dimensional animation was further elaborated, so as to provide some reference for the improvement of the production effect of three-dimensional animation in the future.

Application and Implementation of Virtools in Landscape Design

Virtual landscape roaming system is of vital value and significance to the improvement of design process, optimization of design scheme, shortening of design cycle and increase of engineering quality, and meanwhile can provide a good opportunity for the display and publicity of garden landscape. By taking a landscape scene for example, the plane graph of the scene has been made by using CAD, which then has been imported in 3ds Max to construct the scene model. By combining with interactive virtual technology Virtools, landscape virtual roaming system has been developed. Finally, the paper has introduced the allocation requirements for the software and hardware, installation conditions and advantages of Virtools, matters needing attention in the modeling of 3ds Max, and the basic process for its development.

Three-dimensional nonlinear analysis of creep in concrete filled steel tube columns

This paper proposes a based on 3D-VLE （three-dimensional nonlinear viscoelastic theory） three-parameters viscoelastic model for studying the time-dependent behaviour of concrete filled steel tube （CFT） columns. The method of 3D-VLE was developed to analyze the effects of concrete creep behavior on CFT structures. After the evaluation of the parameters in the proposed creep model, experimental measurements of two prestressed reinforced concrete beams were used to investigate the creep phenomenon of three CFT columns under long-term axial and eccentric load was investigated. The experimentally obtained time-dependent creep behaviour accorded well with the cu~＇es obtained from the proposed method. Many factors （such as ratio of long-term load to strength, slenderness ratio, steel ratio, and eccentricity ratio） were considered to obtain the regularity of influence of concrete creep on CFT structures. The analytical results can be consulted in the engineering practice and design.

Three-Dimensional Instability of Flow Around Two Circular Cylinders in Tandem Arrangement

The spatial evolution of vortices and transition to three-dimensionality in the wake of two circular cylinders in tandem arrangement have been numerically studied. An improved virtual body method developed from the virtual boundary method is used here. A Reynolds number range between 220 and 270 has been considered, and the spacing between two cylinders is selected as L/D=3 and L/D=3.5. When L/D=3, the secondary vortices of Mode-A are seen to appear at Re=240 and persist over the range of the Reynolds number of 240～270. When L/D=3.5, the similar critical Reynolds number has been found at Re=250. No obvious discontinuity has been found in the Strouhal-Reynolds number relationship, and this is different from three-dimensional flow around a single cylinder at the critical Reynolds number. The spanwise wavelength is about four times the diameter of the cylinder, and it is the characteristic wavelength for Mode-A instability. This paper can give some foremost insight into the three-dimensional instability of flow by complicated geometrical configuration.

Application of Three-Dimensional Visualization Technology in Project Management of Offshore Platform Engineering Construction

Three-dimensional visualization technology converts engineering design drawings and data into graphics or images, realizes virtual reality perception of simulated users in future construction scene, enhances the interaction between project management and technical personnel and engineering construction achievement, and provides intuitive, flexible and strong realistic experience for project management. It can effectively improve the level of project communication, and assist the needs of project construction planning management, training, exhibition, etc. As a tool to help improve project management skills, it has good application effect and prospects.

旧城社区景观更新设计虚拟仿真实验的建设与实践

针对景观更新设计实验教学中存在的空间跨度大、项目周期长、投资高昂且过程不可逆等难题,设计开发了旧城社区景观更新设计虚拟仿真实验。实验由知识体系、任务体系与评价体系构成,采取“项目引领、任务驱动”的总设计思路,通过对景观更新典型案例的拆解与模块化建设,实现了知识点与设计全过程高仿真可视化呈现;同时构建了多元量化评价体系,对设计方案的经济性、生态性、艺术性等进行实时在线评估,不断强化行业规范和标准意识,树立系统性与融合性的设计理念,引导学生统筹协调各设计要素,反复优化直至形成最优方案,有效提升了学生的总体设计能力和解决复杂工程问题的能力。

虚拟现实视角下数字三维(3D)场景中镜头语言的应用探究

随着虚拟现实技术的发展,应用VR技术制作的各种影视作品也越来越多和越来越逼真,也更能够最大真实程度表达出作者意图和适应用户的需求。为了努力达到上述目标,该文通过对比虚拟现实影视作品场景中镜头语言与传统电影镜头语言,探究虚拟现实影视作品场景镜头语言的应用新优势,阐述景域、镜头运动、色彩及听觉等镜头语言元素在用户的心理、视觉以及情感等方面应用优劣势,并运用这些理论知识指导实际的工程项目。

虚拟现实技术在景观设计与施工赛项中的训练模式探索与实践

虚拟现实技术是近年来发展迅速的一项创新科技,它能够模拟真实场景,提供身临其境般的感觉[1],在技能备赛训练中,可以不受时间、空间、环境的影响进行模拟实景体验。虚拟现实技术广泛应用于各行各业,尤其在训练领域中更是发挥了重要的作用。该文将介绍虚拟现实技术在景观设计与施工赛项中的使用方法,探讨相关赛项中的虚实结合训练应用。

虚拟仿真技术在景观设计中的应用

阐述虚拟仿真技术在景观设计中的应用,通过创建虚拟景观环境,设计师可以模拟不同场景和元素的组合,从而实现对景观设计方案的可视化、互动和评估,分析实际案例验证应用效果。

数智时代下面向虚拟现实教学的乡村植物景观交互设计研究

目的 数智时代下虚拟现实技术凭借其沉浸式和交互性的优势,逐渐成为景观设计中的重要工具,其为乡村植物景观设计与教学提供了新的可能性和途径。本文旨在探索如何通过虚拟现实技术优化乡村植物景观数字化设计流程,增强教学体验,进一步推动乡村振兴。方法 以虚拟现实技术数字方法为基础,结合教学实际,面向乡村振兴的现实需求,以数智创作为核心,构建了数智时代下满足教学需求的乡村植物景观交互设计体系。同时,采用实例研究及调查问卷的方法,对比传统教学模式与虚拟现实教学模式在乡村植物景观交互设计实践教学中的具体应用效果。结果 基于无人机倾斜摄影、模型渲染技术及虚拟现实技术三个方面,构建了从现状三维实景模型生成、方案智能设计展现到观感沉浸交互体验的,面向虚拟现实教学的乡村植物景观交互设计体系。同时,通过对比分析,发现虚拟现实教学模式在教学表现、教学体验、学习效果和感知体验比传统教学模式更具优势。结论 以数字技术为支撑,推动虚拟现实技术在乡村植物景观交互设计与教学中的创新应用,为数智时代下乡村植物景观研究开辟了新路径,促进了乡村振兴战略背景下景观设计与教学的发展。