Experimental Study of a Solar Thermal Incubator Using a Phase-Change Material for Off-Grid Use

The aim of this study was to provide a simple, easy-to-use incubation system for small-scale rural poultry farmers far from the electricity grid. To this end, a naturally ventilated solar thermal incubator was built and experimentally tested. A U-shaped evacuated tube collector and a wooden crate holding 50 eggs were used to build the solar thermal incubator. Water was used as the heat transfer fluid, and an EPCM was integrated into the incubation chamber for operation at night or when the sun was hidden. The heat generated by the solar collector and stored in the heat transfer fluid is transported to the incubation chamber by thermosiphon to heat the chamber. Temperature and humidity probes powered by a solar panel were placed at various locations to monitor the thermo-hygrometric efficiency of the incubation system. The incubator, heated by natural convection, proved to function normally, and the incubation chamber was maintained throughout the incubation period within a temperature range of 35.53˚C to 39.53˚C and relative humidity averaging 49.4% to 68.5%. The experiment was carried out by introducing 30 eggs and the results of the experimental study showed that the incubator’s efficiency was 87%. The performance tests gave a fertility rate of 93% and a hatching rate of 93%, i.e. 28 fertile eggs and 26 hatched eggs, respectively.

An Innovative Design of Incubator Structure for Cell Culture

In view of the problems of the traditional cell incubator,such as the small range of cell culture types,the inability to adjust the internal space of the incubator according to needs,and the inconvenient sampling,this study innovatively designed a cell incubator structure.It proposed a new design concept that can solve the above-mentioned shortcomings.The cell incubator after the new structural modification can adjust the internal space structure of cell culture by setting the bolt-fixed connection between the fixed plate and the vessel divider.It realizes the cultivation of various cells through refrigeration modules and heating modules.Through setting a sampling hole in the glass inner door,it is favorable for operators to take samples,making cell culture more convenient and efficient.

The clutch size,incubation behavior of Reeves’s Pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii) and their responses to ambient temperature and precipitation

Weather conditions play a pivotal role in embryo development and parental incubation costs,potentially impacting the clutch size and incubation behavior of birds.Understanding these effects is crucial for bird conservation.Reeves’ s Pheasant(Syrmaticus reevesii) is a threatened species endemic to China,which is characterized by female-only incubation.However,there is a lack of information regarding the impact of weather conditions on clutch size and incubation behavior in this species.Using satellite tracking,we tracked 27 wild female Reeves’ s Pheasants from 2020 to 2023 in Hubei Province,China.We explored their clutch size and incubation behavior,as well as their responses to ambient temperature and precipitation.Clutch size averaged 7.75 ±1.36,had an association with average ambient temperature and average daily precipitation during the egglaying period,and was potentially linked to female breeding attempts.Throughout the incubation period,females took an average of 0.73 ±0.46 recesses every 24 h,with an average recess duration of 100.80 ±73.37 min and an average nest attendance of 92.98 ±5.27%.They showed a unimodal recess pattern in which nest departures peaked primarily between 13:00 and 16:00.Furthermore,females rarely left nests when daily precipitation was high.Recess duration and nest attendance were influenced by the interaction between daily mean ambient temperature and daily precipitation,as well as day of incubation.Additionally,there was a positive correlation between clutch size and recess duration.These results contribute valuable insights into the lifehistory features of this endangered species.

Incubation temperature induced developmental plasticity of cold responsive physiological phenotypes in Japanese Quails

Embryonic development is a critical period for phenotype formation.Environmental variation during embryonic development can induce changes in postnatal phenotypes of animals.The thyroxine secretion and aerobic metabolic activity of small birds are important phenotypes closely related to their winter survival.In the context of climate change,it is necessary to determine whether temperature variation during incubation in birds leads to developmental plasticity of these cold responsive phenotypes.We incubated Japanese Quail(Coturnix japonica)eggs at 36.8℃,37.8℃,and 38.8℃,and raised the chicks to 35-day old at 22℃with same raising conditions,then all the quails were exposed to gradually temperature dropping environment(from 15℃to 0℃).After cold treatment,serum T3 level,resting metabolic rate,skeletal muscle and liver metabolomes of the birds were measured.The serum T3 levels were significantly lower in the 38.8℃group and significantly higher in the 36.8℃group compared to the 37.8℃group.The metabolic rate in the 38.8℃group was significantly lower compared to the 37.8℃group.Compared with the 37.8℃group,metabolites involved in the tricarboxylic acid cycle in the liver were significantly lower in the 38.8℃group,and metabolites related to lipid oxidation metabolism and fatty acid biosynthesis were significantly lower in the skeletal muscles in the 38.8℃group but significantly higher in the 36.8℃group.These results indicate that incubation temperature variation can lead to developmental plasticity in cold responsive physiological phenotypes.Higher incubation temperature may impair the capacity of birds coping with cold challenge.

Giraffe Incubator婴儿培养箱常见故障维修

简要介绍了Giraffe Incubator婴儿培养箱的用途,详细分析了该培养箱日常使用中出现的4例故障维修过程,并给出了具体的排除方法,为医院临床工程师维修类似故障提供参考。最后指出了部分故障由于操作人员操作不当引起,建议定期对操作人员进行培训与考核,以降低故障发生率。

A microliter incubator array for understanding culture condition selectivity

The emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains and the weaponization of rare bacterial strains pose a potential threat of pandemic disease. Those involved in the treatment and control of infectious diseases have called for the development of a device capable of rapidly, simultaneously, and safely investigate a myriad of culture conditions. In response to this need, a microliter incubator array system is described and results from a proof-of-concept study using yeast cells to determine optimal growth conditions is presented.

Does the incubator control mode influence outcomes of low-birth-weight neonates during the first days of life and at hospital discharge?

Background: The thermal environment surrounding neonates in closed incubators can be regulated via two different modes: skin servocontrol mode (SSC) and air temperature control mode (ATC). These produce different patterns of incubator air and infant body temperatures. Objective: To assess the effects of incubator control mode on clinical outcomes of low-birth-weight-infants during the first days of life and at hospital discharge. Methods: 52 low-birth-weight neonates were nursed over ten days in closed incubators functioning either with SSC mode (n = 29), or with ATC mode (n = 23). Results: The anthropomorphic characteristics of the two groups of neonates were homogenous (gestational age = 29.4 ± 1.4 vs. 29.9 ± 1.2 weeks and birthweight = 1214 ± 347 vs. 1263 ±292 gin the SSC-group and the ATC-group, respectively) and the caregiving (energy and fluid intakes, ventilator assistance and drug administration) did not differ statistically. Daily means of incubator air temperature were similar in the SSC and the ATC-group, however, the SSC mode resulted in more variable incubator air temperature but more stable skin abdominal temperature whereas the reverse was found when using the ATC mode. Those differences had no impact on the body weight of the neonates or their clinical outcomes at hospital discharge which were not statistically different. Conclusion: The clinical outcomes do not differ depending on the incubator control mode after the first ten days of life and at hospital discharge.

What European Incubators Can Learn From Their American Counterparts： An Analysis of the Critical Success Factors for a Startup Incubator

This study suggests a theoretical component to the thus far proposed explanations of what makes a startup incubator successful in enabling entrepreneurial activity. Departing from a traditional focus on industry- and nation-wide resources, we develop a framework of the critical success factors for a startup incubator and a scoring mechanism to evaluate the success of existing startup incubators using these factors. We score a selection of American and European incubators using the developed scoring mechanism and comparatively benchmark the European incubators against the American ones to identify areas for improvement. Our findings suggest that European incubators, while relatively strong overall, can look to and learn from their American counterparts in certain areas. Importantly, these improvement areas are not specific to characteristics of any individual European incubator, but to European incubators overall. Finally, we aim to expand this study to other entrepreneurship hubs worldwide and we outline a plan of action to enable this expansion.

Construction of Customized Bio Incubator and Designing of Tailored Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering from Laboratory Scale Up to Clinical Scale

In order to obtain larger,clinical-scale and practical-scale bone grafts,we have designed both tailored scaffolds and tailored bio incubator with optimal bio-production characteristics.Using DIC files to Simpleware Scan-IP(Simple-ware-exeter United Kingdom),we have digitally reconstructed segmental additive bone-tissue in order to perform images processing.Both hydroxyapatite and tannin composites have been used in order to get the final bone modules combined for retexturing of segmental bone defect.We have found that sectioning of bone segment deficiency reorganizations into well disk-shaped design permits one to standardize the cell culture and seeding protocol,to get better products.The present study concludes that some techniques with cultured cell in segmental bone grafts in the laboratory can be transferred and clinically used.

Design and Implementation of a Digital PID Temperature Controller for Neonatal Incubator ESVIN

The project has as its aim the design and implementation of the control of temperature in the cockpit of the prototype of neonatal life support equipment ESVIN based on the international standard IEC 60601-2-19 concerning the basic security and operation of the neonatal incubators. The prototype has been developed and is important because the cockpit is a new concept of medical equipment of neonatal life support. There was a modeling of the system of heating of the incubator using the concepts of system identification with the purpose of finding a mathematical model that describes the dynamic behavior of the system. Then, design and implement the strategy of feedback control with digital PID （proportional-integral-derivative） algorithm. The model allowed the design and implementation of a digital PID controller that meets in a satisfactory manner with the requirements, in accordance with the international standard. The control system implemented in the neonatal incubator ESVIN improved the effectiveness of the neonatal life support equipment in regard to temperature controller of the cockpit.

Building Incubators for Chinese Socialist Human Rights Values

We are announcing the second group of na- tional human rights education and training bases, which is a significant as well as pleasant event in China＇s human rights development. On behalf of the State Council Information Office, I would like to express my warm con- gratulations to Renmin University of China, Fudan University, Wuhan University, Shandong University and the Southwest University of Political Science and Law. I would also like to express my sincere re- spect to the experts and scholars who have made excellent contribu- tions to China＇s human rights cause over the past decades.

Business Incubator

WHEN China＇s biggest online commerce company Alibaba rang the bell at the New York Stock Exchange on September 19 and its CEO Ma Yun became the wealthiest man in China. Yang Yong, a graduate from Peking University, was also in the United States, sharing his experience of Chinese-style group funding.

COVID TCL:A Joint Metric Loss Function for Diagnosing COVID-19 Patient in the Early and Incubation Period

Convolution Neural Networks(CNN)can quickly diagnose COVID-19 patients by analyzing computed tomography(CT)images of the lung,thereby effectively preventing the spread of COVID-19.However,the existing CNN-based COVID-19 diagnosis models do consider the problem that the lung images of COVID-19 patients in the early stage and incubation period are extremely similar to those of the non-COVID-19 population.Which reduces the model’s classification sensitivity,resulting in a higher probability of the model misdiagnosing COVID-19 patients as non-COVID-19 people.To solve the problem,this paper first attempts to apply triplet loss and center loss to the field of COVID-19 image classification,combining softmax loss to design a jointly supervised metric loss function COVID Triplet-Center Loss(COVID-TCL).Triplet loss can increase inter-class discreteness,and center loss can improve intra-class compactness.Therefore,COVID-TCL can help the CNN-based model to extract more discriminative features and strengthen the diagnostic capacity of COVID-19 patients in the early stage and incubation period.Meanwhile,we use the extreme gradient boosting(XGBoost)as a classifier to design a COVID-19 images classification model of CNN-XGBoost architecture,to further improve the CNN-based model’s classification effect and operation efficiency.The experiment shows that the classification accuracy of the model proposed in this paper is 97.41%,and the sensitivity is 97.61%,which is higher than the other 7 reference models.The COVID-TCL can effectively improve the classification sensitivity of the CNN-based model,the CNN-XGBoost architecture can further improve the CNN-based model’s classification effect.

基于扎根理论的知识转移粘滞过程机制研究——以在孵企业为例

知识转移粘滞现象会阻碍知识流动和分享,厘清知识转移粘滞的过程机制有助于进行高效的知识管控。通过对16家在孵企业的深度访谈,运用扎根理论方法构建知识转移粘滞过程机制的ISIA理论模型,具体包含知识启动粘滞、知识发送粘滞、知识互动粘滞和知识吸收粘滞4个主范畴,以及对应的18个子范畴。在此基础上,对理论模型进行饱和度检验,探讨主范畴的作用路径,并提出知识转移粘滞的管控措施。研究结论有助于丰富和完善知识转移粘滞理论体系,并为知识转移粘滞治理提供启示。

何种组态有助于提升省域企业孵化网络资源配置效率——基于fsQCA的结构与环境因素匹配分析

我国各省科技企业孵化网络在实践进程中暴露出一系列资源配置不均衡和效率低下的问题,严重影响了创新经济的高质量发展。本文构建省域企业孵化网络资源配置的二阶段效率评价模型并完成效率测算;基于组态理论探索网络结构与区域环境的高资源配置效率匹配路径。研究发现:(1)省域企业孵化网络资源配置效率整体不高且呈波动下降趋势。(2) 7种组态有助于孵化网络实现资源的高效配置,现阶段扩大网络规模是效率提升的普适性手段。(3)在创新力强的经济发达省份,网络密度和网络中心势呈替代关系;在不具备经济和地理区位优势的省份,网络密度的提升能帮助节点组织拓展资源共享渠道从而提高资源配置效率。研究基于中观和宏观视角,为我国省域企业孵化网络资源配置工作的优化提供了政策建议。

区域企业孵化系统资源配置效率评价及解构——基于中国内地28个省级行政区的经验数据分析

当前我国的企业孵化产业正遭遇低效运作与资源配置失衡的双重困境,严重阻碍了创业经济的发展进程。论文建立了区域企业孵化系统资源配置的二阶段理论模型并完成28个省域系统的效率评价和分阶段解构,使用Malmquist指数模型探索各区域效率的纵向演化规律。研究发现:①近年来我国各省域企业孵化系统资源配置平均效率整体偏低,东北地区的效率长期低迷,提升空间巨大。②省域效率按两阶段维度划分为四大类型,只有少数省份属于两阶段双高效率区域,多数省份面临阶段间资源配置能力衔接不畅的挑战。③我国区域企业孵化系统资源配置效率下降的根本原因在于创业孵化在众多关键技术领域难以取得实质性的突破。

不同美味猕猴桃花粉萌发活力及形态学研究

为探究猕猴桃花粉萌发活力和花粉萌发前后的形态变化,以15份美味猕猴桃花粉为样本,采用离体培养方法测定花粉的萌发活力,利用扫描电镜观察离体培养前后5份雌株花粉和10份雄株花粉的形态变化。结果表明:15份花粉样本萌发率差异较大,5份雌株花粉均不萌发;10份雄株花粉中8号花粉样本的萌发率最高,为79.27%;9号花粉样本的萌发率最低,仅为22.85%。15份花粉样本离体培养前后扫描电镜观察发现:极面观基本相同,均为三裂圆形;赤道面观有差异,5份雌株花粉离体培养前后花粉形态不发生改变,均为近球形,而10份雄株花粉在萌发前为超长球形或长球形,萌发后均为近球形,极轴长度略有变小、赤道轴长变大、极轴长度与赤道轴长度比值变小、萌发沟宽度增宽,但萌发后的雄株花粉样本间各项形态学指标值差异较小。

基于转录组测序研究绿光影响鹅胚心脏早期发育的候选基因

旨在通过分析鹅胚心脏在绿光光照刺激下的基因表达差异,挖掘心脏发育的候选基因。本研究将512枚鹅种蛋,随机均分在正常黑暗孵化以及补充绿光的两台孵化机中,每台孵化机内放置4层(64枚·层^(-1)),绿光孵化机提供15 min开灯和15 min关灯的间歇光照。在孵化第13、16、20、24、28和30天时,每组随机挑选种蛋8枚,称取胚胎重量,分离胚胎心脏组织并称重;采集孵化第13天的胚胎心脏组织(每组各3),进行转录组测序(RNA-Seq),筛选差异表达基因(DEGs)并进行功能富集分析,鉴定与绿光促进心脏发育相关的候选基因。并通过荧光定量PCR(qRT-PCR方法)验证测序结果的可靠性。结果表明:绿光显著提高16和30胚龄胚重比例(胚胎重/入孵蛋重×100)(P<0.05),以及13和16胚龄心脏指数(心脏重/胚胎重×100)(P<0.05)。心脏转录组测序分析共筛选出1 643个DEGs。随机选择7个DEGs进行RT-qPCR验证,表达趋势与测序结果一致。功能富集分析表明,DEGs主要涉及PI3K-Akt信号通路、AMPK信号通路等通路,最终筛选出GATA4、GATA5、Smad4和GHR这4个候选基因。对它们在不同胚龄阶段心脏组织中的mRNA表达量进行分析,其表达模式进一步表明了其在绿光调控心脏发育过程中的作用。本研究发现,鹅蛋孵化期绿光处理促进了胚胎和心脏发育,进一步通过心脏组织转录组数据分析,鉴定到了4个鹅胚心脏发育候选基因GATA4、GATA5、Smad4和GHR,为鹅胚心脏组织发育的分子调控机制提供了线索,并为绿光应用于鹅种蛋孵化提供了理论基础。