Numerical Simulation Analysis of Welded Joints in Arch Ribs of Large Span Steel Pipe Arch Bridges

In order to study the residual stress distribution law of welded joints of arch ribs of large-span steel pipe concrete arch bridges,numerical simulation of temperature,stress and strain fields based on ABAQUS for welded joints of arch-ribbed steel tubes using 7-,8-and 9-layer welds is carried out and its accuracy is demonstrated.The steel pipe welding temperature changes,residual stress distribution,different processes residual stress changes in the law,the prediction of post-weld residual stress distribution and deformation are studied in this paper.The results show that the temperature field values and test results are more consistent with the accuracy of numerical simulation of welding,the welding process is mainly in the form of heat transfer;Residual high stresses are predominantly distributed in the Fusion zone(FZ)and Heat-affected zone(HAZ),with residual stress levels tending to decrease from the center of the weld along the axial path,the maximum stress appears in the FZ and HAZ junction;The number of welding layers has an effect on the residual stress distribution,the number of welding layers increases,the residual stress tends to decrease,while the FZ and HAZ high stress area range shrinks;Increasing the number of plies will increase the amount of residual distortion.

Approach for analyzing the ultimate strength of concrete filled steel tubular arch bridges with stiffening girder

A convenient approach is proposed for analyzing the ultimate load carrying capacity of concrete filled steel tubular (CFST) arch bridge with stiffening girders. A fiber model beam element is specially used to simulate the stiffening girder and CFST arch rib. The geometric nonlinearity, material nonlinearity, influence of the construction process and the contribution of prestressing reinforcement are all taken into consideration. The accuracy of this method is validated by comparing its results with experimental results. Finally, the ultimate strength of an abnormal CFST arch bridge with stiffening girders is investigated and the effect of construction method is discussed. It is concluded that the construction process has little effect on the ultimate strength of the bridge.

A Survey of Steel Arch Bridges in China

A review of the current status and progress of steel arch bridges in China is presented in this paper. The existing steel arch bridges in China were analyzed in terms of steel material, span, structure type, main arch rib form and construction method. The comparison with CFST arch bridges and RC arch bridges is also conducted. It is shown that steel arch bridge has gain rapid development in China since 2000, characterized by long main spans. As for the span, most of the steel arch bridges have a span less than 250 m, while when the span exceeds 350 m, steel arch bridges are strongly competitive against CFST or RC arch bridges. Over 80% of the bridges are through and half-through bridge types, and the arch ribs are hingeless structures. The rise-to-span ratios of the arches are mainly between 1：4 and 1： 5. Most of the arches use solid box ribs, and a small portion of arches use truss ribs in which box sections are mostly adopted for the truss members. The cantilever method and scaffolding method are the two main construction methods used, but some other construction methods have also been developed.

Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Arch Bridges in China

In the past 20 years, great progress has been achieved in China in the construction of concrete-filled steel tube （CFST） arch bridges and concrete arch bridges with a CFST skeleton. The span of these bridges has been increasing rapidly, which is rare in the history of bridge development. The large-scale construction of expressways and high-speed railways demands the development of long-span arch bridges, and advances in design and construction techniques have made it possible to construct such bridges. In the present study, the current status, development, and major innovative technologies of CFST arch bridges and concrete arch bridges with a CFST skeleton in China are elaborated. This paper covers the key con- struction technologies of CFST arch bridges, such as the design, manufacture, and installation of steel tube arch trusses, the preparation and pouring of in-tube concrete, and the construction of the world＇s longest CFST arch bridge-the First Hejiang Yangtze River Bridge. The main construction technologies of rein- forced concrete arch bridges are also presented, which include cable-stayed fastening-hanging cantilever assembly, adjusting the load by means of stay cables, surrounding the concrete for arch rib pouring, and so forth. In addition, the construction of two CFST skeleton concrete arch bridges-the Guangxi Yongning Yong River Bridge and the Yunnan-Guangxi Railway Nanpan River Bridge--is discussed. CFST arch bridges in China have already gained a world-leading position; with the continuous innovation of key technologies, China will become the new leader in promoting the development of arch bridges.

Seismic response of the long-span steel truss arch bridge with the thrust under multidimensional excitation

Purpose–Under different ground motion excitation modes,the spatial coupling effect of seismic response for the arch bridge with thrust,seismic weak parts and the internal force components of the control section of main arch ribs are analyzed.Design/methodology/approach–Taking a 490 m deck type railway steel truss arch bridge as the background,the dynamic calculation model of the whole bridge was established by SAP2000 software.The seismic response analyses under one-,two-and three-dimension(1D,2D and 3D)uniform ground motion excitations were carried out.Findings–For the steel truss arch bridge composed of multiple arch ribs,any single direction ground motion excitation will cause large axial force in the chord of arch rib.The axial force caused by transverse and vertical ground motion excitation in the chord of arch crown area is 1.4–3.6 times of the corresponding axial force under longitudinal seismic excitation.The in-plane bending moment caused by the lower chord at the vault is 4.2–5.5 times of the corresponding bending moment under the longitudinal seismic excitation.For the bottom chord of arch rib,the arch foot is the weak part of earthquake resistance,but for the upper chord of arch rib,the arch foot,arch crown and the intersection of column and upper chord can all be the potential earthquake-resistant weak parts.The normal stress of the bottom chord of the arch rib under multidimensional excitation is mainly caused by the axial force,but the normal stress of the upper chord of the arch rib is caused by the axial force,in-plane and out of plane bending moment.Originality/value–The research provides specific suggestions for ground motion excitation mode and also provides reference information for the earthquake-resistant weak part and seismic design of long-span deck type railway steel truss arch bridges.

Analysis of Key Technologies in the Design of Small and Medium Span Basket Type Steel Box Tied Arch Bridge

In order to ensure the construction quality and safety of small and medium span basket type steel box tied arch bridge,this paper takes a practical project as an example to analyze the key technologies in its design process.It is hoped that this analysis can provide corresponding reference for the design and construction of this kind of arch bridge.

Reinforcement and numerical analysis on the corbel of a halfthrough arch bridge

Corbels support the crossbeams of half-through arch bridges. They are prone to cracking easily due to their characteristics and complicated loading conditions. Based on a practical diagnosis of a bridge crossbeam, we bonded steel plates onto bridge corbels to strengthen them. We carried out a numerical analysis on the effectiveness of the reinforcement by using the commercial sof^are ANSYS. The numerical analysis shows that the stresses near the section break increased slightly, but the variation amplitude was small and all the stresses were within an allowable range. The loading test indicates that it is feasible to strengthen the corbel with vertical bonded steel plates. Therefore, the reinforcement is effective and economical. This reinforcement method is suitable for this type of corbel and can be applied in similar cases.

The New Arched Bridge over Dnipro in Kyiv

The Podilskyi Arch bridge is crossing the Dnipro River in center of Kiev and is part of a 7.4 km long link which connects the center of Kiev with the “sleeping district” on the left bank of the river. The bridge has a main span of 344 m intended for six lanes of vehicles in the top level and two metro lines in the bottom level plus large diameter water pipes. The bridge is of steel, except of the reinforced concrete bases of the lower parts of the arches. The draft design works began in 1991 and in 2005 parallel design and construction work started. Due to the financial crisis in Ukraine, the work was interrupted for several years but construction recommenced in 2018 and the bridge is now planned to be completed in 2020 and the first stage of the transition in 2022.

Design and Construction Strategy of Arched Continuous Rigid-frame Bridge

With the current rapid development of urbanization in China,people's living standards have been greatly improved.In the context of such a development background,the requirements for road traffic are getting more stringent,especially for bridge projects.The arched continuous rigid-frame bridge was developed under this social background.The advantage of the bridge lies in the design of a bridge model that integrates various functions such as transportation,landscape,and sightseeing.Based on the above,this paper first refers to the case to analyze the design and construction strategy of the arched continuous rigid-frame bridge,in hope of providing a valuable reference for relevant personnel.

Design, Calculation and Model Test of Zhongshan Bridge

Zhongshan Bridge is a kind of steel arch bridge with a particular space-combined structure. The rationality of design, accuracy of theoretical calculation and reliability of transportation were studied. Its design, FEM calculation of stresses and strains, and model test were introduced in detail. The theoretical analysis and model test verified that the design was reliable and safe. The simulated stresses, rigidity and stability, which are based on the selected loading system and cross-section geometry, satisfy the related design standards. Some of the issues that need to be considered in the real bridge construction were also discussed.

大倾角钢箱提篮拱桥总体设计

考虑施工技术、经济性和景观效果等方面,陕西蔡家坡渭河特大桥主桥采用(35+210+35) m大倾角钢箱提篮拱桥。该桥采用摩擦摆和环向钢丝绳阻尼支座综合减隔震约束体系,以降低结构的地震响应。拱肋为单室等宽钢箱截面,采用主、副拱肋2条悬链线,主、副拱肋共面,设计为横向内倾20°的大倾角,在提高桥梁景观效果的同时,又有效提高了结构的整体稳定性;拱肋设钢-混结合段连接拱脚与混凝土拱座。桥面系采用自重较轻的正交异性钢桥面板结构。吊杆采用抗拉强度1 860 MPa的环氧柔性钢绞线。基础采用Φ2.5 m的钻孔灌注群桩,以抵抗软弱地质条件下荷载的竖向及水平作用力。该桥总体采用先梁后拱的施工方案。整体及局部有限元分析结果表明,桥梁结构力学性能均满足规范要求,设计安全可靠。

瓮马铁路乌江特大桥设计关键技术研究

新建瓮马铁路乌江特大桥跨越两山之间深谷,地形复杂、设计难度大。为研究该桥梁方案,首先阐述了主桥的方案构思和结构设计,然后通过空间有限元软件对本桥进行静、动力仿真分析,总结了大跨铁路劲性骨架混凝土拱桥构造和受力特性。结果表明:主跨337 m上承式劲性骨架混凝土拱桥具有刚度大、徐变小、后期养护维修工作量小等优点,主拱圈采用小矢跨比设计,兼顾安全、经济、环保和美观,能够满足铁路桥梁跨越山区“V”形峡谷的要求;主拱圈由劲性钢管混凝土骨架外包C55无收缩混凝土构成,通过分层分段浇筑方案改善拱圈各构件的内力;拱上结合梁采用两片工字形钢与混凝土桥面板相结合的形式,钢梁栓焊结合,便于制造、运输和施工;拱座采用梯形断面扩大基础,基础开挖永临结合,有效降低施工风险;数值分析表明该桥结构的刚度、强度、稳定性均能满足规范要求,能够满足客货共线铁路的安全性和乘坐舒适性要求。可为其他山区铁路桥梁桥式研究提供参考。

Recent Construction Technology Innovations and Practices for Large-Span Arch Bridges in China

Arch bridges provide significant technical and economic benefits under suitable conditions.In particular,concrete-filled steel tubular(CFST)arch bridges and steel-reinforced concrete(SRC)arch bridges are two types of arch bridges that have gained great economic competitiveness and span growth potential due to advancements in construction technology,engineering materials,and construction equipment over the past 30 years.Under the leadership of the author,two record-breaking arch bridges—that is,the Pingnan Third Bridge(a CFST arch bridge),with a span of 560 m,and the Tian’e Longtan Bridge(an SRC arch bridge),with a span of 600 m—have been built in the past five years,embodying great technological breakthroughs in the construction of these two types of arch bridges.This paper takes these two arch bridges as examples to systematically summarize the latest technological innovations and practices in the construction of CFST arch bridges and SRC arch bridges in China.The technological innovations of CFST arch bridges include cable-stayed fastening-hanging cantilevered assembly methods,new in-tube concrete materials,in-tube concrete pouring techniques,a novel thrust abutment foundation for nonrocky terrain,and measures to reduce the quantity of temporary facilities.The technological innovations of SRC arch bridges involve arch skeleton stiffness selection,the development of encasing concrete materials,encasing concrete pouring,arch rib stress mitigation,and longitudinal reinforcement optimization.To conclude,future research focuses and development directions for these two types of arch bridges are proposed.

外包钢壳混凝土拱形桥塔节段拼装几何姿态预测研究

赣州市集结大桥主桥为外包钢壳混凝土拱形桥塔斜拉桥,为确保钢混组合拱形桥塔节段拼装精准合龙,采用MIDAS Civil软件建立拱形桥塔空间几何模型,分析外包钢壳和混凝土湿重对桥塔变形的影响,采用切线初始位移法对桥塔施工阶段位移进行预测,通过求解制造线形对桥塔待拼装节段进行预偏修正,并与实测数据进行对比。结果表明:外包钢壳能显著减小桥塔变形;施工阶段桥塔变形主要由混凝土湿重引起,临时支撑能有效减小混凝土浇筑产生的横向变形。基于切线初始位移法的几何姿态预测方法能有效预测桥塔拼装全过程几何姿态,实测成桥阶段桥塔各节段最大偏位为6 mm,小于施工控制要求,具有较高的实施精度,可保证成桥状态下桥塔几何姿态的准确性。

基于点云切片算法的铁路钢桁拱桥线形分析

铁路桥梁线形测量对于桥梁健康检测与确保铁路安全运营具有重要作用。为提高运营铁路钢桁拱桥线形测量效率,以某3跨钢桁拱桥为例,运用地面激光扫描(TLS)技术对桥梁杆件进行整体化扫描,从桥梁线形测量精度、扫描完整性、点云个数等3方面,分析出最佳的桥梁扫描测站数为10个。运用3DNDT点云配准算法将各测站一一配准,桥梁点云配准精度为2 mm,将桥梁点云投影至xoy平面,用半径滤波器进行噪声点的去除,得到完整“纯净”的桥梁点云模型。提出点云等距切片与点云平面切片算法提取桥梁线形,并将线形点云数据导出在AutoCAD中拾取坐标。将点云切片法提取的TLS测量值、全站仪法测量结果与原始成桥线形做比较分析,结果表明:在桥面线形分析中,两方法均在跨中处A5点测量出最大变形,分别为12.69 mm、10.29 mm,两方法的最大相互较差R为2.4 mm,相关系数优于99.93%;在拱轴线线形分析中,点云切片法与全站仪法在主桁上弦跨中B4点位测量的最大变形为6.2 mm、3.9 mm,在主桁下弦跨中B10点位测量的最大变形为5.9 mm、3.5 mm,两方法的最大互相较差R为3.2 mm,相关系数优于99.87%,验证了点云切片算法的有效性与TLS测量的高精度性。拱轴线横向线形未出现明显侧移,点云等距切片得到的19个吊杆垂直度保持良好,未发生扭转与偏移。该成果对于运营铁路钢桁拱桥的线形分析与点云处理方法可提供相应的思路和参考,具有重要的实用价值。

基于响应面法的钢管混凝土系杆拱桥有限元模型修正

为探讨将钢管混凝土系杆拱桥有限元模型修正方法应用于实际工程性能评估的有效性,以某80 m单拱面钢管混凝土系杆拱桥为工程背景,采用Midas Civil与ANSYS有限元软件分别建立全桥梁格模型与拱脚精细化数值模型,基于径向基函数网络的响应面法对此多尺度模型进行修正。首先根据结构特点和实桥试验选取修正参数与目标函数,以中心复合试验设计构造不同修正水平下的修正参数样本,通过桥梁有限元模型计算得到对应的目标函数样本,并利用F检验法对修正参数的显著性水平进行判断;然后,以修正参数样本与目标函数样本分别作为响应面的输入输出,对径向基函数网络进行拟合训练;最后在修正范围内随机生成修正参数样本,并利用训练好的径向基网络预测对应的目标函数,采用期望度函数D进行优化处理以完成有限元模型的修正。研究结果表明:对于单拱面钢管混凝土系杆拱桥的有限元模型,可以通过径向基函数网络的响应面法进行修正,对比实测数据,修正后的模型误差有明显下降,可作为结构再分析的基准模型;对于使用不同程序建立的多尺度桥梁有限元模型,模型修正方法依旧有效,修正后的参数具有明确的物理意义,其误差可降到工程实践接受范围之内。研究结果为建立与修正钢管混凝土系杆拱桥的有限元模型提供参考。

车辆荷载作用下钢-混凝土组合梁疲劳应力分析

【目的】随着桥梁服役期延长和车辆荷载增加等多种因素的影响,结构承载力会变得越来越弱,疲劳寿命不断降低,最终可能导致低应力疲劳破坏。因此有必要对车辆荷载下拱桥钢混组合梁的疲劳细节应力进行研究。【方法】采用数值模拟的方法,利用Midas FEA NX软件建立3个标准长度的三维实体精细有限元模型,分析钢混组合梁易损疲劳关键点的位置,并研究车辆荷载横向最不利加载位置和纵向加载下的疲劳细节应力变化规律。【结果】结果表明,组合梁次横梁与中纵梁交点处有三处疲劳关键点;靠近桥梁中线位置是车辆荷载下钢梁疲劳最不利的横向加载位置;四种不同标准的纵向车辆加载时,三个疲劳关键点均出现两次应力峰值,且最大应力幅值均低于常幅疲劳强度的极限值。【结论】研究成果可为钢-混凝土组合梁试验和相关研究提供参考。

钢拱塔斜拉桥的温度耦合效应和索力预测

钢拱塔斜拉桥的受力体系与传统斜拉桥有所不同,为研究环境温度变化对这种异形桥塔斜拉桥主要受力部件的影响,以某钢拱塔斜拉桥为工程背景,首先基于在线监测获取的环境和部件温度数据,分析斜拉索索力、拱塔倾角和主梁应变的温度时变效应;然后以斜拉索为研究对象,通过该桥的有限元模型升降温模拟,分析各部件温差引起的温度耦合效应对拉索索力的影响;最后以环境温度、主梁温度、桥塔温度为输入,索力为输出,利用长短期记忆神经网络对实测索力-温度数据进行映射,实现数据压缩和特征提取,建立温度-索力预测模型,再对网络模型输入新的温度监测数据,以预测索力。研究结果表明:主梁和钢拱塔温度变化具有周期性,且滞后于环境温度;主梁应变与环境温度的变化趋势基本一致但具有一定的滞后性,环境温度变化对拱塔倾角的影响很小且没有周期性规律;索力与环境温度呈线性负相关,且需要考虑斜拉桥各部件的温差所引起的温度耦合效应;长短期记忆神经网络对带有时序特性的数据训练效果好,建立的温度-索力关系模型准确度高,可用于该桥索力的实时预测。

考虑高阶振型效应的大跨度钢桁拱桥瑞利阻尼参数取值研究

为了解高阶振型效应对大跨度钢桁拱桥地震反应的影响机制,以及在采用直接积分法时构建合适的瑞利阻尼矩阵,以某490 m跨径钢桁拱桥为背景,采用SAP 2000软件建立全桥弹性动力计算模型。针对主拱圈上(下)弦杆轴力、弯矩,研究振型参与质量最大的7阶(第1、4、8、11、13、23、49阶)振型反应与总反应的占比关系,并对构建瑞利阻尼矩阵的特征频率选取方法展开研究。结果表明:主拱圈上、下弦杆拱脚区域的轴力主要由1阶振型(第1阶)控制,由拱脚向拱顶过渡,逐渐转变为由2~4阶振型控制,高阶振型效应显著;同一阶振型对主拱圈上、下弦杆轴力贡献率及分布规律的影响不同;对于复杂钢桁拱桥,采用振动方向上振型参与质量较大的2阶振型特征频率构建瑞利阻尼矩阵可能因高估了高阶振型阻尼比,导致除拱脚区域以外的拱圈弦杆杆件轴力计算结果偏小,结构偏于不安全;采用直接积分法对复杂钢桁拱桥进行地震反应分析时,建议选取多阶控制振型构建相应的瑞利阻尼工况,并对其计算结果取包络用于抗震设计。

100 m~150 m跨混凝土拱桥基于特定钢拱架的预拱度快速计算方法

针对100 m~150 m跨混凝土拱桥所采用的特定钢拱架的预拱度计算问题,提出了一种用拱圈自重变形和钢拱架变形比值快速计算钢拱架预拱度的方法。为了得到不同矢跨比和拱轴系数下的钢拱架变形比值,编写了通过导入MCT文件建立Midas/Civil有限元模型的辅助程序,实现从单元、边界条件、施工阶段和施工阶段联合截面定义的全过程快速建模,对拱圈混凝土分底板、腹板、顶板三环浇筑,考虑钢拱架与拱圈的联合作用,给出了钢拱架预拱度计算公式。计算结果表明,对于常用矢跨比和拱轴系数的混凝土拱桥,拱圈分环浇筑变形与拱圈自重变形比值的平均值为4.37~4.88,为方便钢拱架弹性变形计算,建议变形比值统一取5.0。将该方法应用于一座净跨径为135 m的混凝土拱桥钢拱架预拱度计算中,得到的钢拱架弹性变形与空间模型结果最大误差为4.30%,满足工程精度要求,表明该方法合理可行,可在混凝土拱桥钢拱架预拱度计算中推广应用。