A Novel Serial Hybrid Three-level NPC Topology for Multi-MW Medium Voltage Wind Power Converters

提出一种新型的串联混合三电平中点钳位（neutralpoint clamped,NPC）拓扑,该拓扑是基于传统三电平NPC拓扑的改进和优化,引入大功率IGBT的串联应用。该新型拓扑中,桥臂的两个外管分别用两个低压IGBT串联,两个内管均用高压IGBT。在多兆瓦级中压风电变流器中,大功率IGBT的开关损耗很大,从而限制了开关频率。提出的新型拓扑通过低压IGBT的串联来减小功率器件的损耗,从而提高开关频率,同时可减小输出滤波器的尺寸。通过传统三电平拓扑和新型串联混合三电平拓扑IGBT损耗的对比,说明新拓扑的优势。通过改变门极驱动电阻实现串联IGBT的均压,对新拓扑的应用具有重大意义。最后通过新拓扑的单相样机验证新拓扑的正确性和可行性。

A Study of DTC-Power Electronic Cascade Fed by Photovoltaic Cell-Three-Level NPC Inverter

This paper proposes a high performance three-level inverter Neutral Point Clamped (NPC) structure for photovoltaic system. The proposed configuration which can boost the low voltage of photovoltaic (PV) array, can also convert the photovoltaic DC power into high quality AC power. Attention has been paid to the problem of neutral point potential variation. In this way, a Direct Torque Control (DTC) technique has been applied and the estimated value of the Neutral Point Potential (NPP) is used, which is calculated by motor currents. This control strategy uses the redundancy presented by the inverter for selecting appropriate switching state through a switching table to achieve the control of NPP. This study shows the effect of the stability problem of the DC voltages and good static and dynamic performances were obtained in simulation of the proposed cascade “photovoltaic cell-three-level NPC VSI-induction motor”.

Comprehensive predictive control of neutral-point voltage balancing for back-to-back three-level NPC converters

A comprehensive predictive strategy was proposed for the neutral-point balancing control of back-to-back three-level converters. The phase currents at both sides and the DC-link capacitor voltages were measured for the prediction of the neutral-point current. A quality function was found to balance the neutral-point, and a metabolic on-times distribution factor was used as a predicator to minimize the quality function at each switching state. Simulation results show that the proposed method produces smaller ripples in tested signals compared with the established one, namely, 9.15% less in a total harmonic distortion(THD) of line-to-line voltage, 1.08% less in the THD of phase current, and 0.9 V less in the ripple of the neutral-point voltage. The obtained experimental results show that the main harmonics of the line-to-line voltage and the phase current in the proposed method are improved by 10 d B and 6 d B, respectively, and the ripple of neutral-point voltage is halved compared to the established one.

NPC三电平整流器的混合参数自适应控制

为降低中点箝位型(neutral point clamped,NPC)三电平整流器的电流谐波,在dq同步旋转坐标系下推导出带中点电压耦合项的NPC三电平整流器数学模型,并分析中点电压对电流控制的影响。对模型中的中点电压耦合项和交流侧等效电阻会增大电流谐波及无法通过常规方法进行准确估计的问题,设计一种混合参数自适应的迭代学习控制方法,以进行解耦控制并消除不确定参数的影响。通过构造Lyapunov函数和理论推导验证控制方法的稳定性。在整流器硬件平台上进行试验验证,结果表明,所设计的控制方法可有效降低电流谐波。

基于SVPWM补偿优化的三电平NPC并网逆变器容错控制

为保证并网系统中三电平中点箝位(neutral point clamped,NPC)型并网逆变器单相桥臂短路或断路故障后持续运行,提出一种基于空间矢量脉宽调制(space vector pulse width modulation,SVPWM)的优化补偿型低共模电压容错控制策略。首先,通过分析故障后八开关三相逆变器(eight switch three phase inverters,ESTPI)拓扑开关状态对应的共模电压大小,确定参考电压矢量合成规则;然后,通过一个基波周期内中点电流情况分析中点电位波动机理,进而对空间矢量合成进行调节补偿;最后,设计低通滤波器和滞环控制器进一步对补偿进行优化调整,保证并网电流质量的同时有效抑制了直流母线中点电位偏移。仿真结果表明,该容错控制策略能够实现三电平NPC并网逆变器单相桥臂故障后并网系统的稳定可靠运行,每个基波周期有三分之一时间的共模电压得到改善,优化补偿后的并网电流质量显著提高,且在并网电流突变时具备良好的控制特性。

NPC型直挂储能变流器桥臂断路故障下低电压穿越的容错控制

NPC型直挂储能变流器长期运行可能发生桥臂断路故障造成设备停运以及影响低电压故障穿越,基于故障相与直流母线中点直连构成虚拟桥臂重构容错故障拓扑,提出了基于模型预测控制的桥臂容错低电压穿越控制策略。考虑重构后的容错拓扑结构降低了直流侧电压的利用率,研究分析了该容错结构进行低压穿越的最大输出电流整定方法。由于低电压穿越过程中电压跌落后的容错拓扑输出特性发生改变,对储能直挂容错结构的输出电流、电压进行模型预测矢量分析,推导出电压跌落与最大输出电流的关系式。在重构的空间电压矢量内选择能够支撑低电压穿越的矢量状态,控制储能变流器按照低电压穿越技术规范进行有功无功功率分配,支撑电网电压。仿真结果验证了所提出的控制策略保证容错拓扑结构可以在桥臂故障期间运行的有效性以及低电压穿越过程中提供无功功率支撑的可靠性。

流行语·说“NPC”

“NPC”是nonplayer character的缩写,意为非玩家角色,是指在电子游戏中那些不受真人玩家操控的角色类型,它们有设置好的固定的任务和台词,由玩家触发而启动。“NPC”“低微”的身份、“寡味”的对话、“死板”的任务,使之显得可有可无,其虽对游戏有点缀、丰富之用,但多被视为边角料。

NPC三电平虚拟同步机桥臂故障容错模型预测控制

虚拟同步机VSG(virtual synchronous generator)通过模拟同步机特性为新能源并网提供惯性和阻尼。然而,电力电子开关器件高频开关过程中可能会发生断路故障,导致输出电流波形严重畸变,影响电网安全稳定运行。针对中点箝位型NPC(neutral point clamped)三电平VSG桥臂故障问题,提出一种中点电压均衡的VSG容错模型预测控制策略。分析NPC三电平VSG单相桥臂故障后运行机理,在开关器件故障后利用直流侧电容组成虚拟桥臂,重构为VSG桥臂故障容错结构。建立故障情况下预测电流模型,重构故障状态空间电压矢量,将直流侧中点电容电压引入容错模型代价函数,减小电容电压波动,实现VSG桥臂故障容错运行。实验结果表明,在开关器件发生故障后,NPC三电平VSG能容错连续运行,验证了所提模型预测容错控制策略的有效性,提高了VSG运行可靠性。

代入、演绎、黏合:作为沉浸式文旅景观的真人NPC

沉浸式文旅的风靡,使真人NPC作为一种新兴职业进入大众视野。从游客到玩家,从凝视到参与,从观赏到互动,沉浸式文旅体验中,真人NPC通过符号表征建构自我身份,既是文旅游戏的“摆渡人”,又是体验互动的“掌控者”,全知视角固化其角色地位和玩家认同。真人NPC通过符号包装重塑文旅场景,全感官包裹增强现实性的“真”,开放叙事再造合法性的“善”,深度互动营造戏剧性的“美”,全感官演绎场景维度。通过符号消费生产文旅价值,耦合游戏空间、文化空间和消费空间,黏合玩家对文旅场景的集体记忆和文化认同,促进空间消费。真人NPC已作为沉浸式文旅景观存在,但“工具人”“舒适物”“消费品”的刻板印象,易使其在符号消费和过度营销中迷失自我,从而导致情感耗竭。

Unified power quality conditioner based on a three-level NPC inverter using fuzzy control techniques for all voltage disturbances compensation

This paper presents a novel and efficient control scheme for unified power quality conditioner （UPQC） based on three-level neutral point clamped （NPC） inverter using fuzzy logic techniques. The proposed UPQC is capable of mitigating source current harmonics and compensate all voltage disturbances such as voltage sags, swells, unbalances and harmonics. It is designed by the integration of series and shunt active filters （AFs） sharing a common DC bus capacitor. The DC voltage is maintained constant using proportional integral voltage controller. The synchronous reference frame （SRF） theory is used to get the reference signals for shunt active power filters （APFs） and the power reactive theory （p-q theory） for series APFs. The shunt and series APF reference signals derived from the control algorithm and sensed signals are injected in two controllers to generate switching signals. To improve the UPQC capability, fuzzy logic techniques are introduced to control the series APF. The performances of the proposed UPQC system are evaluated in terms of power factor correction, mitigation of voltage or current harmonics and all other voltage disturbances compensation using Matlab-Simulink software and SimPowerSystem toolbox. The simulation results illustrate the performance of the proposed UPQC at the common connection point of the nonlinear load to improve the power energy quality.

基于NPC三电平的永磁同步电机控制研究

基于NPC(neutral point clamped,中点钳位型)三电平逆变器的永磁同步电机(permanent magnet synchronous motor, PMSM)的矢量控制系统中,传统的直角坐标系SVPWM算法三角函数计算量大,系统计算时间长,软件程序复杂,而且存在中点电位不平衡的问题,影响电流、电机转速和转矩。本文构建了以基于gh坐标系的NPC三电平逆变器为核心的PMSM矢量控制系统,提出了一种基于电荷预测的中点电位平衡调节控制方案,并搭建了PMSM控制系统的仿真模型和实验平台,通过仿真和实验对控制系统进行了检验,结果表明使用该方法的PMSM运行情况良好,具有较好的实用性。

Impedance Modeling and Stability Analysis of a Three-phase Three-level NPC Inverter Connected to the Grid

The interaction between grid-connected inverters and the grid may cause stability issues,and compromise the reliable operation of the inverters.This study investigates the stability of a three-level neutral point clamped(NPC)inverter connected to the grid using impedance-based methods.Because the impedance model of a three-phase three-level NPC inverter has not yet been reported,this study fills the literature gap by analyzing the influence of three-level DC-side neutral point control on the impedance characteristics.By fully considering the DC bus dynamics and DC voltage control loop,and the current loop and phase-locked loop(PLL),the admittance model of a three-phase three-level NPC inverter is established and verified by simulation.Additionally,in the stability analysis of a threelevel NPC inverter grid-connected system,the frequency coupling introduced by the PLL and DC bus dynamics is included with the help of an established admittance model.The stability of the grid-connected system under different grid short circuit ratios(SCR)and operating power levels is analyzed according to the Nyquist stability criterion.The experimental results revealed that the established impedance model of the three-phase three-level NPC inverter can properly represent the stability of this system.

基于矩形区域分类的NPC型H桥级联五电平逆变器简化模型预测电压控制

为进一步提高中点电压钳制(neutral point clamped,NPC)H桥级联五电平逆变器的动态响应、降低控制器计算负担的同时确保装置低损耗运行,文中在电压矢量矩形区域分类的基础上,提出一种以满足动态响应和降低开关损耗为目标的两级优化模型预测电压控制策略。首先根据逆变器数学模型和期望电流进行目标电压矢量计算、修正,接着基于矩形区域分类对目标电压矢量进行定位;并以定位后的候选矢量为基础,设计了两级优化目标函数以输出满足要求的最优矢量。仿真和实验结果验证了该方法的有效性,与空间矢量脉宽调制以及传统模型预测电流、电压控制策略相比,该文所研究的两级优化模型预测电压控制策略,在确保逆变器动态响应的前提下既能降低控制器计算负担,还能有效减少器件开关损耗。

传统发酵肉源乳酸菌介导NPC1L1、ABCG5/G8基因表达对胆固醇代谢的影响

过高的胆固醇摄入可能会导致机体心脑血管出现健康问题。通过乳酸菌可以调控小肠中胆固醇代谢相关基因的表达,调节机体内胆固醇的吸收代谢,从而影响体内胆固醇含量。对15株传统发酵肉制品中分离筛选的乳酸菌进行体外降胆固醇能力和耐酸耐胆盐能力筛选,将筛选到的乳酸菌用于动物实验。结果表明,15株乳酸菌中有4株乳酸菌(CM6、CM9、CM28、CM42)具有良好的体外降胆固醇能力,平均降解率为52.92%。对它们进行耐酸和耐胆盐试验,在pH 2和0.3%胆盐添加量的条件下菌株CM6活菌数达到106 CFU/mL,选择CM6进行后续动物实验。乳酸菌灌胃小鼠30 d后,乳酸菌组小鼠血清中总胆固醇含量和甘油三酯含量乳显著低于对照组(P<0.05);乳酸菌组小鼠小肠中NPC1L1基因相对表达量显著低于对照组(P<0.05),ABCG5/G8基因表达量显著高于对照组(P<0.05)结论:乳酸菌CM6具有调控胆固醇代谢相关基因表达的能力,从而降低体内胆固醇含量。

基于模型预测的孤岛微电网NPC逆变器故障穿越控制方法研究

随着新能源和微电网的高速发展,孤岛状态下逆变器的故障穿越能力显得尤为重要。针对现有控制方法下孤岛中点钳位(neutral point clamped,NPC)逆变器故障穿越能力弱的问题,提出基于模型预测控制的孤岛微电网NPC逆变器故障穿越控制方法。通过比较负载电压与参考电压实现故障高速诊断;通过提高故障相参考电流幅值提升故障相电流;通过划定计算扇区、消除冗余计算减少计算量和避免权重系数设计;为保证电能质量以及减小数据测量和算法计算产生的延时,采用两步预测方法对延时进行补偿。在Matlab/Simulink中搭建三相LCL孤岛NPC逆变器仿真模型,仿真结果表明,该控制方法在孤岛微电网正常运行时能够将三相电流THD均值控制在2%以内,发生故障时,对故障相电流THD值控制在4%以内,对非故障相电流THD值控制在1.5%以内,能够有效提升孤岛NPC逆变器的故障穿越能力。

A neutral point potential drift control method for NPC three-level inverter

The output current harmonic distortion of a three-level inverter is less than the traditional twolevel inverter.The voltage stress of the semiconductor switch is low.A neutral point potential drift control method is proposed to solve the problem of the neutral point potential drift of the three-level inverter.The interaction mechanism between the neutral point potential and the space voltage vector is presented.The small vector output by the inverter is found to be the root cause of the midpoint potential drift.It is found that the fluctuation of the midpoint potential could be suppressed by increasing the capacitance value of the inverter bus voltage stabilizing capacitor.Furthermore,it inhibits the fluctuation of the midpoint potential.The experimental results verify the efficiency and precision of the proposed method.

Direct torque control of doubly fed induction motor using three-level NPC inverter

This article presents the direct torque control (DTC) strategy for the doubly fed induction motor (DFIM) connected to two three-level voltage source inverters (3LVSIs) with neutral point clamped (NPC) structure. This control method allows to reduce the torque and flux ripples as well as to optimize the total harmonic distortion (THD) of motor currents. The use of 3LVSI increases the number of generated voltage, which allows improving the quality of its waveform and thus improves the DTC strategy. The system modeling and control are implemented in Matlab/Simulink environment. The analysis of simulation results shows the better performances of this control, especially in terms of torque and flux behavior, compared to conventional DTC.

一种三电平NPC变换器中点电位平衡控制策略

本文以传统三电平NPC变换器为对象,分析了三电平NPC变换器直流侧中点电位不平衡的原因,研究了调制模式对三电平NPC变换器直流侧中点电位的影响,确定了通过改变偏移量P的大小来改变三电平NPC变换器的调制模式,进而达到直流侧中点电位平衡的方法。搭建了系统仿真模型,并对仿真结果进行分析。

Silencing of the Nonspecific Phospholipase C6(NPC6)Gene Induces Ricinoleic Acid Accumulation in Castor Seeds

Castor,scientifically known as Ricinus communis L.,is among the top ten oil crops globally.It is considered a renewable resource and is commonly referred to as‘green oil’.Castor seeds contain castor oil as their main component,which is predominantly composed of ricinoleic acid.This study utilized RNAi technology to silence the NPC6 gene in NO.2129 castor,resulting in the creation of mutant plants L1 and L2.The weight of 100 dry seed kernels from L1 and L2 exceeds that from NO.2129.The crude fat and ricinoleic acid levels of L1 and L2 were higher than those of NO.2129 at various developmental stages.In the proteomics analysis of 60-day-old castor seeds,a total of 21 differentially expressed proteins were identified,out of which 19 were successfully recognized.Eleven of the differentially expressed proteins identified were legumins,which play a crucial role in nutrient storage within the seed.Silencing the NPC6 gene results in the accumulation of ricinoleic acid in castor seeds.The findings of this study not only enhance our knowledge of NPC6’s role in regulating castor seed oil synthesis but also offer fresh perspectives for investigating oil synthesis and accumulation in other plant species.

低调制比时NPC三电平逆变器调制方法的研究

为解决NPC三电平逆变器传统SVPWM调制方法在低调制比时输出电流谐波大的问题,提出基于60°坐标系下改进的一种空间电压基本矢量排序方式。该方法在第1、2小扇区采用零矢量作为首发矢量,降低相电流波形畸变的同时提高对中性点电压的平衡控制能力。最后通过搭建Simulink仿真模型验证该方法的有效性。