Advancements in nutritional diagnosis and support strategies during the perioperative period for patients with liver cancer

Liver cancer represents a grave hepatic condition and constitutes a significant global health concern.Surgical resection remains the principal therapeutic modality for liver cancer.Nevertheless,perioperative malnutrition exerts a notable impact on patients with liver cancer,emerging as an independent risk factor for disease mortality and adverse outcomes.Hence,precise nutritional diagnosis and timely nutritional support hold the potential to enhance therapeutic efficacy and quality of life for liver cancer patients.This study represents a meticulous foray into the literature,extracting data from PubMed,Web of Science,and EMBASE databases,with a focus on the past 5 years.It scrutinizes the impact of malnutrition on patients undergoing liver cancer surgery,the etiological underpinnings of malnutrition within this patient cohort,the critical assessment of perioperative nutritional status,and the strategic approaches to nutritional support.Utilizing rigorous inclusion and exclusion criteria,the amassed scholarly works are meticulously synthesized,methodically organized,and categorically elaborated upon.Ultimately,the authors propose the incorporation of a multidisciplinary nutrition management team during the perioperative period,comprising nutritionists,pharmacists,physicians,nurses,psychologists,and rehabilitation therapists,among other specialized professionals.Together,they collaborate to devise and implement personalized nutritional support plans,monitor patients’nutritional status,and make necessary adjustments as required.Through comprehensive management and intervention,improvements in the nutritional status of liver cancer patients can be achieved,thereby enhancing surgical success rates and facilitating postoperative recovery.It is believed that this manuscript will offer valuable insights to advance the nutritional management during the perioperative phase of liver cancer,aiding in ameliorating patients'nutritional status and treatment outcomes.

Nitrogen nutrition diagnosis for cotton under mulched drip irrigation using unmanned aerial vehicle multispectral images

Remote sensing has been increasingly used for precision nitrogen management to assess the plant nitrogen status in a spatial and real-time manner.The nitrogen nutrition index(NNI)can quantitatively describe the nitrogen status of crops.Nevertheless,the NNI diagnosis for cotton with unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)multispectral images has not been evaluated yet.This study aimed to evaluate the performance of three machine learning models,i.e.,support vector machine(SVM),back propagation neural network(BPNN),and extreme gradient boosting(XGB)for predicting canopy nitrogen weight and NNI of cotton over the whole growing season from UAV images.The results indicated that the models performed better when the top 15 vegetation indices were used as input variables based on their correlation ranking with nitrogen weight and NNI.The XGB model performed the best among the three models in predicting nitrogen weight.The prediction accuracy of nitrogen weight at the upper half-leaf level(R^(2)=0.89,RMSE=0.68 g m^(-2),RE=14.62%for calibration and R^(2)=0.83,RMSE=1.08 g m^(-2),RE=19.71%for validation)was much better than that at the all-leaf level(R^(2)=0.73,RMSE=2.20 g m^(-2),RE=26.70%for calibration and R^(2)=0.70,RMSE=2.48 g m^(-2),RE=31.49%for validation)and at the plant level(R^(2)=0.66,RMSE=4.46 g m^(-2),RE=30.96%for calibration and R^(2)=0.63,RMSE=3.69 g m^(-2),RE=24.81%for validation).Similarly,the XGB model(R^(2)=0.65,RMSE=0.09,RE=8.59%for calibration and R^(2)=0.63,RMSE=0.09,RE=8.87%for validation)also outperformed the SVM model(R^(2)=0.62,RMSE=0.10,RE=7.92%for calibration and R^(2)=0.60,RMSE=0.09,RE=8.03%for validation)and BPNN model(R^(2)=0.64,RMSE=0.09,RE=9.24%for calibration and R^(2)=0.62,RMSE=0.09,RE=8.38%for validation)in predicting NNI.The NNI predictive map generated from the optimal XGB model can intuitively diagnose the spatial distribution and dynamics of nitrogen nutrition in cotton fields,which can help farmers implement precise cotton nitrogen management in a timely and accurate manner.

Multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment nutritional support intervention for gastrointestinal tumor radiotherapy:Impact on nutrition and quality of life

BACKGROUND Gastrointestinal tumors are a major cause of cancer-related deaths and have become a major public health problem.This study aims to provide a scientific basis for improving clinical treatment effects,quality of life,and prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal tumors.AIM To explore the clinical effect of the multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment(MDT)nutrition intervention model on patients with gastrointestinal tumors.METHODS This was a case control study which included patients with gastrointestinal tumors who received radiotherapy at the Department of Oncology between January 2021 and January 2023.Using a random number table,120 patients were randomly divided into MDT and control groups with 60 patients in each group.To analyze the effect of MDT on the nutritional status and quality of life of the patients,the nutritional status and quality of life scores of the patients were measured before and after the treatment.RESULTS Albumin(ALB),transferrin(TRF),hemoglobin(Hb),and total protein(TP)levels significantly decreased after the treatment.The control group had significantly lower ALB,TRF,Hb,and TP levels than the MDT group,and the differences in these levels between the two groups were statistically significant(P<0.05).After the treatment,the MDT group had significantly more wellnourished patients than the control group(P<0.05).The quality of life total score,somatic functioning,role functioning,and emotional functioning were higher in the MDT group than in the control group.By contrast,pain,fatigue,nausea,and vomiting scores were lower in the MDT group than in the control group(P<0.05).CONCLUSION MDT nutritional intervention model effectively improves the nutritional status and quality of life of the patients.The study provides a rigorous theoretical basis for improving the prognosis of cancer patients.In the future,we intend to provide additional treatment methods for improving the quality of life of patients with cancer.

Optimizing nutrition in hepatic cirrhosis:A comprehensive assessment and care approach

Cirrhosis is considered a growing cause of morbidity and mortality,which represents a significant public health problem.Currently,there is no effective treatment to reverse cirrhosis.Treatment primarily centers on addressing the underlying liver condition,monitoring,and managing portal hypertension-related complications,and evaluating the potential for liver transplantation in cases of decompensated cirrhosis,marked by rapid progression and the emer-gence of complications like variceal bleeding,hepatic encephalopathy,ascites,malnutrition,and more.Malnutrition,a prevalent complication across all disease stages,is often underdiagnosed in cirrhosis due to the complexities of nutritional assessment in patients with fluid retention and/or obesity,despite its crucial impact on prognosis.Increasing emphasis has been placed on the collaboration of nutritionists within hepatology and Liver transplant teams to deliver compre-hensive care,a practice that has shown to improve outcomes.This review covers appropriate screening and assessment methods for evaluating the nutritional status of this population,diagnostic approaches for malnutrition,and context-specific nutrition treatments.It also discusses evidence-based recommendations for supplementation and physical exercise,both essential elements of the standard care provided to cirrhotic patients.

Distribution of Leaf Color and Nitrogen Nutrition Diagnosis in Rice Plant

Greenness and nitrogen content of each leaf on main stem of different japonica and indica rice varieties under different nitrogen levels were investigated. Results showed that the fourth leaf from the top exhibited active changes with the change of plant nitrogen status. When the plant nitrogen content was low, its color and nitrogen content were obviously lower than those of the three top leaves. With the increase of plant nitrogen content, the color and nitrogen content of the fourth leaf increased quickly, and the differences of color and nitrogen content between the fourth leaf and the three top leaves decreased. So, the fourth leaf was an ideal indication of plant nutrition status. In addition, color difference between the fourth and the third leaf from the top was highly related to the plant nitrogen content regardless of the variety and development stage. Therefore, color difference between the fourth and the third leaf could be widely used for diagnosis of plant nutrition. Results also indicated that the minimized color difference between the fourth and the third leaf at the critical effective tillering, the emergence of the second leaf from the top, and the heading was the symbol of high yield. Plant nitrogen content of 27 g kg-1 DW for japonica rice and 25 g kg-1 DW for indica were the critical nitrogen concentrations.

Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System(DRIS)to Assess the Nutritional State of Cotton Crop in Brazil

The diagnosis of nutritional state is an important tool to understand the nutritional requirement of plants and the influence of the nutritional balance on the yield. The proposed in this study was to apply the Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) to assess the nutritional state of cotton crop through the order of nutrient requirement and nutritional balance. Yield data from plots (average acreage 100 ha) and foliar concentrations of macro and micronutrients of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum r. latifolium) plants were stored in a database. The criterion to define the reference population consisted of plots with above-average yields + 2/3 standard deviation (over 4785 kg·ha-1 seed cotton yield). The DRIS method was efficient to evaluate the nutrition state of cotton. It was feasible to identify the order of plant requirement and nutritional balance. It was feasible to observe that when minor the Nutritional Balance Index (NBI) it’s higher the yield. It means that to reach high yield it is necessary to show low NBI. The Sulphur, Boron and Zinc showed the higher frequency as the most required nutrients by plant. The Magnesium and Manganese were the less required by the cotton plant, this means that both of them were limiting the yield by excess in the tissue.

Review of Research on Nutritional Physiological Mechanism and Nutritional Diagnosis of Magnesium in Fruit Trees

Magnesium is an essential nutrient element for the growth and development of fruit trees.It not only participates in photosynthesis of plants,but also promotes physiological and biochemical reactions such as carbohydrate and protein synthesis,enzyme activation,and reactive oxygen species(ROS)metabolism.Magnesium deficiency in fruit trees will directly influence the growth and development of trees and the improvement of fruit quality.This study mainly reviews the nutritional and physiological mechanism of magnesium in plants and the nutritional diagnosis of magnesium deficiency in fruit trees,in order to provide a theoretical basis for further research on magnesium nutrition in fruit trees,and accordingly provide a certain reference for the application of magnesium fertilizer.

Analysis of auxiliary diagnosis, cell survival, angiogenesis and nutritional support in patients with oral cancer

Objective:To investigate the changes and clinical significance of auxiliary diagnosis, cell survival, angiogenesis and nutritional support in patients with oral cancer.Methods: 50 patients with oral cancer treated in our hospital from June 2016 to September 2017 were selected as the observation group and 50 healthy people as the control group. The expression levels of auxiliary diagnosis [including secretory immunoglobulin A (SIgA), catalase (CAT)], cell survival [including survivin, focal adhesion kinase (FAK)], angiogenesis [including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), hepatocyte growth (HGF), urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)] and nutritional support [including lead (Pb), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu)] related indicators in the two groups were observed and compared.Results:The levels of SIgA [(83.30±6.05) ug/mL], Mg [(1.21±0.17) mmol/L], Fe [(6.75±1.03)mmol/L] and Zn [(87.11±15.31) ug/L] in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05), while the levels of CAT [(39.87±9.18) U/mL], survivin [(131.63±10.53) ng/L], FAK [(62.27±5.20) ng/mL], VEGF[(533.73±150.63)ng/L], HGF[(411.32±181.72)ng/L], uPA[(5.12±1.31)mg/L], Pb[(65.55±20.76)μg/L], Ca[(1.55±0.20)mmol/L] and Cu[(14.90±5.30)μmol/L] were significantly higher than that of the control group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusions:Patients with oral cancer, the immune function of salivary mucosa decreased and cell survival was abnormal. Oral cancer patients are easy to regenerate tumor blood vessels. Tumor cells and vascular endothelial cells are active in proliferation, migration and invasion. The expression of trace elements is also abnormal, which is not conducive to the nutritional support of the body. The relevant indicators should be strengthened in clinical practice, so as to provide evidence for early diagnosis and treatment of the disease.

Short-Term Impact of Elemental Sulfur on Cranberry Nutrition and Crop Performance

Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) is an ammophilous plant grown on acid soils (pH 4.0 - 5.5). Elemental sulfur is commonly applied at a recommended rate of 1120 kg S ha−1 per pH unit to acidify cranberry soils, potentially impacting the plant mineral nutrition. The general recommendation may not fit all conditions encountered in the field. Our objective was to develop an equation to predict the sulfur requirement to reach pHwater of 4.2 to tackle nitrification in acidic cranberry soils varying in initial pH values, and to measure the effect of elemental sulfur on the mineral nutrition and the performance of cranberry crops. A 3-yr experiment was designed to test the effect of elemental sulfur on soil and tissue tests and on berry yield and quality. Four S treatments (0, 250, 500 and 1000 kg S ha−1) were established on three duplicated sites during two consecutive years. We ran soil, foliar tissue, berry tissue tests, and measured berry yield, size, anthocyanin content (TAcy), Brix, and firmness. Nutrients were expressed as centered log ratios to reflect nutrient interactions. Results were analyzed using a mixed model. Soil Ca decreased while soil Mn and S increased significantly (p ≤ 0.05). Sulfur showed no significant effects on nutrient balances in uprights. The S impacted negatively berry B balance, and positively berry Mn and S balances. A linear regression model relating pH change to S dosage and elapsed time (R2 = 0.53) showed that to reach pHwater of 4.2 two years after S application, 250 - 1000 kg S ha−1 could be applied depending on initial soil pH value. The stratification of surface-applied elemental S in the soil profile should be further examined in relation to plant rooting and nutrient leaching.

Preliminary validation of Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria in cancer patients:A cross-sectional study

Background:The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition(GLIM)has been used in China since 2019.This study aimed to test the use of the GLIM criteria in Chinese cancer patients and to compare the diagnostic performance of the GLIM criteria with the Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment(PG-SGA)and modified PG-SGA(mPG-SGA). Methods:A total of 2,000 cancer patients were consecutively screened using the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 instrument on ad-mission.Patients at nutritional risk(Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 score≥3)were enrolled to obtain the complete GLIM,PG-SGA,and mPG-SGA criteria.To evaluate the convergent validity,Spearman correlation analysis was used to compare the test-retest reliability of the GLIM criteria and its results with the scores of various nutritional tools and objective parameters.Kruskal-Wallis tests and χ2 tests were used to test the discriminant validity among groups with different nutritional status.We calculated the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value,and negative predictive value for the various tools. Results:There were 562 patients found to be at nutritional risk,accounting for 28.1%of all patients.One hundred seventy-four patients(8.7%)were diagnosed as moderately malnourished,and 333 patients(16.6%)were severely malnourished based on the PG-SGA.When assessed using the GLIM criteria,185 patients(9.3%)were diagnosed as moderately malnourished and 311 patients(15.5%)were severely malnourished.The content validity of the GLIM criteria was 95%,evaluated by 60 medical staff members.The test-retest reliability was good.For the diagnosis of malnutrition versus the PG-SGA,the sensitivity of the GLIM was"good"(90.5%;95%confidence interval[95%CI]=88.0%-93.1%),with a positive predictive value of 92.5%(95%CI=90.2%-94.9%),but the spec-ificity and negative predictive value were"poor."Similar results were obtained when the mPG-SGA was used as the criterion. Conclusions:Overall,this cross-sectional study suggests that the GLIM criteria comprise a valid and reliable tool to assess the nutri-tional status of Chinese cancer patients.

Study on Cotton Nitrogen Diagnosis and Topdressing Recommendation in North Xinjiang,China

Field experiments were conducted to study cotton nitrogen diagnosis and topdressing recommendation by measuring cotton tissue NO3- concentration with Reflectoquant. Results showed that the order of NO3- concentration in different cotton plant tissues is petiole > stem > leaf, and upper parts> lower parts. There was significant change in each growth period, which was, NO3- concentration in budding-blooming period was the highest whereas it was the lowest in full blooming period. NO3- concentration in the 4th expanding petiole is relatively stable and can sensitively indicate cotton nitrogen state so it was chosen as diagnosis tissue. NO3- content in budding-blooming period was significantly correlated with seed-cotton yield so it was chosen as diagnosis period. Primary cotton's nitrogen diagnosis index and amount of topdressing was formulated by regression of NO3- concentration against seed-cotton yield. It was not only rapid and accurate but also time-saving and flexible by using Reflectoquant to diagnose cotton nitrogen states and make side-dressing recommendation , so it is an agricultural technique with promising prospect.

Dry Matter Production and Nutritional Status of Sunflower Grown in Nutrient Solution under Macronutrient Omission

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of omission of macronutrients on dry matter production and on the nutritional status of sunflower cv. BRS 122. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, in randomized blocks, with seven treatments corresponding to the Hoagland & Arnon standard solution (1950) and the individual omission of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S, in three replicates. After 50 days of sowing, the dry matter and the nutritional status of the plants were evaluated. The omission of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S limited the dry mass production of sunflower cv. BRS 122 in relation to the complete solution, besides causing nutritional imbalance due to the interaction between the nutrients. The omission of the macronutrients K, Ca, and Mg caused the higher imbalances in the plants, highlighting the elevated N contents in these treatments comparing to the complete solution.

Nursing Diagnostics of Nutrition Domain of NANDA International in Hemodialysis Patients

Introduction: The dialysis causes the loss of the nutrients and the elevation of catabolism, thus, patients in dialysis have at high risk for the loss of body reserves of protein and energy. Objective: To identify nursing diagnoses of nutrition domain of NANDA International in hemodialysis patients and to correlate them to the socioeconomic and clinical data. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Performed in a large university hospital in northeastern Brazil. Participants: The first stage was carried out with 50 patients, selected with the following inclusion criteria: Being hospitalized and undergoing hemodialysis in that hospital;aged 18 years old or over;being conscious and oriented. Exclusion criteria were patients undergoing hemodialysis in that hospital with external service, pregnant women and patients being treated by plasmapheresis. In the second stage, participants were three nursing specialists in nephrology and nursing diagnoses. Methods: The defining characteristics of the nursing diagnoses inserted in the nutrition domain were observed in patients and then these data were judged by nurses, in order to identify diagnoses present in each patient. The Chi-square, Fisher’s exact and Mann-Whitney tests were used in the analysis of the relationship of socioeconomic and clinical data, with an adopted p value of p = 0.001), origin (p = 0.014), religion (p = 0.046) and income (p = 0.039), respectively. Conclusion: The variables that showed significant association were risk of impaired liver function and gender;imbalanced nutrition: More than body requirements and origin requirements;risk for deficient fluid volume and religion;and deficient fluid volume and income.

Nursing Diagnosis in Patients with Liver Cirrhosis in Use of Feeding Tube

The objective was to identify the most frequent nursing diagnoses labels in patients with liver cirrhosis in use of feeding tube. A descriptive research was carried out in a Brazilian Hospital with 20 adult patients. Systematic data collection utilized the Conceptual Model of Wanda Horta, the first nurse to introduce the concept of Nursing Process in Brazil. The six phases of the nursing diagnostic reasoning proposed by Risner were used;nursing diagnoses were described according to NANDA-I taxonomy II. Patients were mainly male;half of them were middle age adults;they had an average of 12.8 nursing diagnoses labels;and the most frequent were: risk for aspiration and risk for infection. Nurses needed to develop effective skills to properly diagnose in order to provide safe care and improve patient outcomes.

光谱技术在果树叶片营养诊断上的应用研究进展

光谱技术具有分析速度快、操作简单、多元素同时监测、不需要消耗化学药品、自动化程度较高等特点,其可以实现作物单株和大样本的营养诊断和分析。综述了光谱技术在果树叶片大量元素(N、P、K)、中微量元素(Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn)营养诊断上的应用研究进展,并讨论了该领域今后进一步的研究方向。

河北省太行山区‘辽宁1号’核桃叶片营养诊断技术研究

【目的】测定河北省太行山区核桃主栽品种‘辽宁1号’叶片矿质元素并对叶片营养状况进行诊断,为‘辽宁1号’核桃科学施肥提供依据。【方法】测定‘辽宁1号’不同发育阶段叶片中矿质元素含量,以确定叶片营养诊断的采样时间;采用组分营养诊断法(CND)建立核桃叶片营养诊断的元素含量适宜值;运用诊断施肥综合法(L-DRIS)、CND法和适宜值偏差百分数法(DOP)对核桃低产园进行叶片营养诊断,并提供施肥建议。【结果】河北省太行山区‘辽宁1号’核桃叶片营养诊断采集最适时期为8—9月。元素相关性分析显示太行山区核桃叶片中矿质元素之间主要存在相互协同作用,K和Mg之间存在较强的拮抗作用。基于CND拐点值法将产量3.64 t·hm^(-2)选择为划分核桃高产果园的临界值,由高产果园确定的太行山区核桃叶片矿质元素含量适宜值范围为:N(13.04—17.04)g·kg^(-1)、P(0.67—1.23)g·kg^(-1)、K(5.94—10.64)g·kg^(-1)、Ca(15.64—22.16)g·kg^(-1)、Mg(3.80—6.62)g·kg^(-1)、Cu(5.14—8.48)mg·kg^(-1)、Fe(437.38—794.58)mg·kg^(-1)、Mn(126.94—172.02)mg·kg^(-1)、Zn(14.59—34.25)mg·kg^(-1)。用L-DRIS法、CND法以及DOP法对河北省太行山区核桃低产园进行营养诊断得到的叶片矿质元素含量丰缺状况有所差异,其中L-DRIS法与CND法诊断结果一致性更高。综合3种营养诊断方法得到河北省太行山区核桃低产园的需肥顺序为:K>P>N>Zn>Mn>Ca>Fe>Mg>Cu。【结论】河北省太行山区核桃低产园施肥时建议以K元素为主,配施N、P两种矿质元素,同时避免Mg、Cu元素过量施入。

老年肌肉减少症患者筛查诊断与营养干预指南

肌肉减少症是老年人常见的一类疾病,可增加跌倒、骨折和其他慢性疾病的发生风险。营养治疗是缓解及预防老年肌肉减少症的重要手段之一,在临床患者及居家治疗患者中具有良好的效果,其优势在于可操作性强、治疗及预防效果良好、不良反应较低等。本文以欧洲老年人肌肉减少症工作组(EWGSOP)在2018年更新的标准EWGSOP2,2019年亚洲肌肉减少症工作组(AWGS)颁布的标准AWGS2019和2011年国际肌肉减少症工作组(IWGS)颁布的标准IWGS等为参考,依据国内外研究中基于人群开展的各类研究,包括近年来发表的多个随机对照临床试验、系统评价或meta分析、回顾性研究和横断面研究等各类研究,通过挖掘其可能的发病机制,对肌肉减少症的筛查、诊断、评估、营养预防及治疗方法进行总结和更新,采用欧洲心脏学会证据分级和推荐强度标准,制订了老年肌肉减少症的临床诊断与营养干预指南,针对不同类型、发病机制、疾病严重程度等特征做出营养治疗方案推荐,为临床诊疗的规范化和标准化提供参考依据。

基于杂交水稻叶片SPAD值的氮素营养诊断模型的初步构建

为探明水稻叶片SPAD值的最佳测定叶位和最佳的SPAD值次级指标,并构建基于水稻叶片SPAD值的氮素营养诊断模型,开展以品种为主区,氮肥施用量为副区的双因素裂区设计试验。参试品种为Q优6号和宜香优2115,氮肥施用量设5个水平(纯N 0、75、150、225、300 kg/hm^(2)),分析叶片的敏感性、代表性和稳定性,并探讨SPAD值次级指标与施氮量和叶片含氮量之间,及叶片氮积累量与叶片含氮量和产量之间的关系。结果表明,叶片敏感性、代表性和稳定性大小顺序分别为L4(顶4叶)>L3(顶3叶)>L1(顶1叶)>L2(顶2叶)和L3>L4>L2>L1、L2>L3>L4>L1,可见,L3、L4可作为氮素营养诊断的共同理想指示叶。选择L3、L4的SPAD值几何平均数(GMSI34)作为最佳的SPAD值次级指标。由叶片氮积累量与产量和叶片含氮量的抛物线方程、一元线性回归方程,GMSI34与叶片含氮量的指数方程,求得拔节期、孕穗期、抽穗期的SPAD值次级指标的临界值(GMSI34_(临))分别为48.5、44.3和42.9,与实际获取的GMSI34实相比较,若GMSI34_(实)-GMSI34_(临)<0时,则表明水稻缺氮,需要追氮,若GMSI34_(实)-GMSI34_(临)≥0,则表明水稻氮营养充足,无需追氮。综上,基于杂交水稻叶片SPAD值的氮素营养诊断模型,可为杂交水稻高效氮肥管理提供技术支持。

营养炎症指标在脓毒症中的研究进展

脓毒症是一种宿主感染有害反应而导致的器官功能障碍,严重可危及患者的生命。脓毒症作为一种困扰人类健康数十年的疾病,迄今为止还没有具体的诊断或治疗指标。在过去的10年中,不断开展的研究提高了人们对脓毒症的认识,增加了临床医生对该疾病的理解,并改善了脓毒症的临床预后。脓毒症与重症监护室的高死亡率有关,并伴有全身炎症反应、继发感染和多器官衰竭等。脓毒症是儿科重症监护室患者死亡的主要原因之一,及时和适当的治疗可以提高儿童脓毒症患者的预后。对脓毒症的早期诊断和病情评估至关重要。营养炎症指标在脓毒症早期诊断和预测中发挥着重要作用。因此,本文就营养炎症指标在脓毒症中的研究进展展开综述,以期为脓毒症的诊治提供理论依据。

重庆春见和沃柑果园叶片黄化原因分析

重庆忠县、长寿和铜梁等地由甜橙高接换种的春见和沃柑,存在叶片黄化问题。为找出叶片黄化的主要原因,采集高换春见和沃柑正常园和黄化园的土壤和叶片样品,比较土壤理化性状、叶片矿质元素含量及叶片SPAD值,并对土壤理化性状、叶片SPAD值与叶片矿质营养的关系进行分析。结果表明,春见黄化园土壤pH均值(8.09)比正常园(6.89)显著高出17.42%,土壤有效铁含量(均值)显著低于正常园,交换性钙含量显著高于正常园,叶片铁含量显著低于正常园。沃柑黄化园土壤交换性钙含量高于正常园,有效铁含量显著低于正常园,叶片氮、硫、铁含量均值显著低于正常园。叶片SPAD值分别与叶片氮和叶片铁含量呈显著正相关,增强回归树分析显示叶片铁含量对叶片SPAD的贡献度最高(35.23%),其次为氮(22.29%)。排除自然灾害或病害等因素后,认为高换杂柑叶片黄化是因为土壤pH值和交换性钙较高,导致土壤有效铁含量降低,并抑制树体对Fe的吸收,最终引起叶片缺Fe黄化;另外,叶片N含量较低是导致沃柑黄化的因素之一。