Genetic and Correlation Analysis of Grain Characters in Three-line Hybrid Rice

Abst[Objective] This study was to understand the genetic dynamics of three-line hybrid rice, and explore the respective effect of sterile line and restoring line on grain characters of hybrid rica. [Method] Four three-line stedle lines and 27 restoring lines（cultivars） commonly culti- vated in Central China region were regarded as expadmental materials to conduct 4 x27NCII cross design, and the grain characters of three-line hybrid rico were analyzed at genetic and correlation levels. [ Result] Four characters of grain length, grain width, 1 000-grain weight and length- width ratio play the leading role in additive gene effect; these four characters were simultaneously influenced by male parent and female parent, but the effect from male parent was relatively larger. The grain length, grain width, 1 000-grain weight and length-width ratio all have high brood hedtabUities（ respectively 99.65%, 98.31%, 95.27% and 98.81% ）. Correlation analysis showed that grain length was positively correlated with 1 000-grain weight and length-width ratio at extremely significant level; 1 000-grain weight was positively correlated with grain length and length- width ratio at extremely significant level, and was insignificantly correlated with grain width; grain width was negatively correlated with grain length and length-width ratio at extremely significant level. Path analysis showed that the direct path coefficients of grain length, grain width and 1 0（30- grain weight to length-width ratio were 0.624 6, -0.555 9 and -0.015 8, respectively. [ Conclusion] This study systematically analyzed the effects of stedle line and restoring line on grain characters of hybrid rice, which provided theoretical basis for breeding high quality and yield hy- brid dce.

Technical Specification for Producing Hybrid Pepper Seed Using Three-line Male Sterility

This paper described the whole process of three line hybrid pepper seed production in detail, including requirement of the seed production base, parent culti- vation, field management, and specified the key operation techniques in seed pro- duction, such as parental impurity removal to preserve pure state, pollen collection, pollination and seed collecting essentials. This specification is of guiding significance for the production of hybrid pepper seed and ensuring the purity of hybrid pepper seed.

Studies on the Developmental Genetics of Tiller Number in Three-line Indica Hybrid Rice

Following NCI design, the developmental genetic behavior of tiller number (TN) in three-line indica hybrid rice was studied using additive-dominance developmental genetic models and the corresponding statistical methods. The results showed that dominance effects were predominant for TN. The expression of those additive effects were affected by environment and genotype interaction, but the expression of dominance effects were not affected. Heterosis was the strongest in the middle developmental periods of TN. Additive effects and dominance effects were selectively expressed throughout in the entire tillering developmental stage. Analysis of genetic correlation between TN at different stages and the productive panicles indicated that a close correlation appeared earlier in the populations with higher heterosis than in those with less heterosis. Utilization of heterosis at the middle tillering stage might enhance the final biomass but reduce the percentage of productive panicles.

Comparions of Required Nitrogen Fertilizers by Hybrid Cultivar and Conventional Cultivar of Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to understand the difference of N fertilizer requirement between hybrid rapeseed and conventional rapeseed. [Method] Two hybrid cultivars, ZY5628 and ZY7819, and the conventional cultivar ZS10, were compared through two field experiments. In Experiment 1, seed yield and optimum N application rate were assessed in the field with five N application treatments. In Expedment 2, N was applied uniformly at 180 kg/hm2, and plant biomass and N accumulation were measured at several developmental stages, while N use efficien- cy was calculated for rape at maturity. [Results] The experiment 1 results showed that seed yields of ZY5628 and ZY7819 were both significantly higher than that of ZS10, and compared to ZS10, optimum yield （plateau yield） was higher by 18.7% and 20.2%, while the recommended N application rate was lower by 9.5% and 9.6% for ZY5628 and ZY7819, respectively. The experiment 2 results showed that during vegetative development, all three cultivars exhibited similar accumulations of plant biomass and N, but through flowering and maturity ZY5628 and ZY7819 pro- duced more biomass, acquired more N, and utilized acquired N more efficiently to- wards seed production than ZS10. [Conclusion] With equivalent inputs, the hybrid rapeseed cultivars ZY5628 and ZY7819 tested herein yield more seed with higher N use efficiency than the conventional rapeseed ZS10. This information will be valu- able for growers seeking to improve efficiency while reducing costs of rape production in China.

Effect of Nutrient Management and Planting Geometry on Productivity of Hybrid Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>L.) Cultivars

Field experiments were conducted during the wet seasons of 2006 and 2007 at the Agricultural Experimental Farm of the Indian Statistical Institute, Giridih, a part of eastern plateau region of India. The study was designed to investigate the effect of planting geometry and nutrient management practices on productivity of two hybrid rice cultivars. Split-plot design with three replications was adopted to carry out the experiment by allocating combinations of treatments of planting geometry and rice cultivar in main-plots and nutrient management treatments in sub-plots. “CNRH-3” rice proved its efficiency in terms of grain yield that was also reflected in yield attributing characters such as number of productive tillers, number of grains per panicle, length of panicle, panicle weight, test weight and harvest index. Higher rice grain yield was registered when the cultivars grown in 20 cm × 20 cm planting geometry. Rice cultivars grown with the application of inorganic fertilizers alone produced maximum grain yield and also recorded higher values of ancillary characters. The maximum amount of N, P and K was taken up by the “CNRH-3” rice, whereas maximum residual soil fertility was recorded in “Pro Agro 6201” rice. Maximum N, P and K uptake values were recorded in 20 cm × 20 cm crop geometry and inorganic fertilizers treatment.

Analysis of Correlation between Yield and Quality Traits of Quality Hybrid Rapeseed

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the correlation between yield and quality traits of rape. [Method] Taking ＂Sanbei 98＂ and ＂Youyan 599＂ as ex- periment materials, correlation between yield and quality traits of Brassica napus L. cultivars was explored by orthogonal rotation method. [Result] The results showed that： 1 In both the two varieties-Sanbei98 and Youyan599, erucic acid content had the largest coefficient of variation, but its average content was lower than 2% in both the two varieties （0.90% in Sanbei98 and 1.24% in Youyan599）, and the palmitic acid content had the smallest coefficient of variation. 2 In terms of the dif- ferences in quality traits at different yield levels, only the mean of eicosenoic acid content revealed significant difference in Sanbei98, and only the mean of seed-pro- tein content revealed significant difference in Youyan599, and there was no signifi- cant difference in any combined quality traits in both the two varieties. 3 The yield was negatively correlated with the erucic acid content or oil content, and posi- tively correlated with the content of seed-protein, linoleic acid, or linolenic acid, and the coefficient of correlation between the yield and either of the contents of glucosi- nolates, oleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, and eicosenoic acid was smaller. ~, when the yield of a variety increased considerably, there was a certain decreasing trend in erucic acid content, oil content, the total amount of erucic chain fatty acids （El ＆ Er）, while there was an increasing trend in seed-protein content, linoleic acid content, linolenic acid content, saturated fatty acids （SFA）, the total amount of fat and protein （P ＆ F）, unsaturation index （IUFA）, unsaturated fatty acids （UFA）, the total amount of 18 carbon fatty acids （18-C FA）, unsaturated fatty acids [UFA/（Ei ＆ Er） ], and the sum of oleic acid and linoleic acid （OI ＆ Li）. 5 When the seed-pro- tein content is increased, the quality of rape oil cake is also improved; when the unsaturated index is increased, the oil stability is decreased. The increase in the total amount of unsaturated fatty acids, oleic acid and linoleic acid helps to increase in the total amount of fatty acids absorbed by human bodies. [Conclusion] This study provides a theoretical foundation for the cultivation of high-yielding and top- quality hybrid rape cultivars.

On Significance of Heterotic Group Theory in Hybrid Rice Breeding

Heterotic group theory （HGT） has played a major role in supporting hybrid maize breeding for about 100 years. The basic content and studies of HGT, and its application in rice and maize were summarized in this paper. Additionally, difficulties and challenges for hybrid rice breeding in China were analyzed, and necessity and urgency in hybrid rice breeding by using HGT were proposed.

Status and Prospects of Hybrid Rice Breeding in Jiangsu, China

Research on hybrid rice in Jiangsu Province, China began in 1970. Great progress has been made since then, which can be divided into three stages according to the development of hybrid rice breeding and production in Jiangsu Province. The first stage was beginning stage from 1970 to 1980, when progress was mainly made in cytoplasmic male sterile line breeding. The second stage could be described as developing stage, from 1980 to 1995, when indica hybrid rice was rapidly popularized, and japonica hybrid rice became popular later. From 1996, hybrid rice breeding in Jiangsu Province entered the third stage, when both indica and japonica hybrid rice breeding in the three-line system or intersubspecific hybrid rice breeding in the two-line system made a great breakthrough with the successful breeding of the hybrids Feyou 559, 9 You 138 and Liangyoupeijiu. The developing trend of hybrid rice breeding in Jiangsu Province is also discussed.

Breeding double low super hybrids with dominant genic male sterility three lines in Brassica napus

A double low homozygous two-type sterile line ZY-2AB, its near-isogenic temporary maintainer line ZY-4, and the full sterile line ZY-3 derived from the cross of ZY-2A with ZY-4, were developed to breed three-line dominant GMS hybrid in Brassica napus. Three years data showed that the ratios of sterile and fertile plants fit the expected 1 ： 1 ratio in ZY-2AB, and the 1：0 ratio in ZY-3, respectively. Some double low super hybrid combinations were screened out when the full sterile line ZY-3 was used as female parent, among which the combination 01Z24 increased 36.88 percent more yield than control and the conbination 98Z131 has been passed through the Sichuan Provincial Regional Test and registered in Sichuan Province. Two years data showed that the agronomic performance of the two-line hybrids derived from crosses of ZY-2A with restorer lines versus that of the three-line hybrids produced by ZY-3 was not different for any of the nine most important agronomic characteristics, revealing that near-isogenic line of homozygous two-type line was used as temporary maintainer could effectively avoid the disadvantage of threeway cross hybrid in breeding three-line dominant GMS hybrid.

High-yield Production Techniques of High-quality and Early Maturity Hybrid Rice Xiangzaoyou 2017

Xiangzaoyou 2017 is an excellent early maturing variety bred from the combination of Neixiang 3A and the self-fertile restorer QN 2017 by Qiannan Institute of Agricultural Sciences of Guizhou Province,and it has been approved by the Guizhou Crop Variety Approval Committee( Approval No.: Qianshendao 2006001).In order to promote its application in production,the research on the seed production techniques of Xiangzaoyou 2017 was carried out,and the key technical points of high-yield seed production of Xiangzaoyou 2017 were put forward.

High-yielding Seed Production Techniques of New Hybrid Rice Combination-Chuanxiang No.2058

Chuanxiang No.2058 is a new combination of three-line late indica hybrid rice bred based on sterile line Chuanxiang 29A and restorer Qiannanhui No.2058. In order to promote its application, seed production techniques of Chuanxiang No.2058 were explored during 2009-2010. The research detailed the seed production tech- niques from selection of seed production bases, rational arrangement of sowing gap stage, seedling cultivation in different stages, scientific arrangement of male/female parents, management of fertilizer and water, adjustment of florescence, artificial pol- lination, comprehensive treatment of disease and pest damages, and timely control- ling of abnormal and poorly-qualified rice.

Identification and Analysis on True or False Hybrids from Hybridization Populations of Litchi( Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Using EST-SSR Markers

In order to better distinguish true hybrids in litchi crossbreeding,F1generations of two litchi hybridized combinations namely that‘Xuehuaizi’בGuiwei’and‘Xuehuaizi’בJiaohesanyuehong’were used as materials to identify true hybrids,to construct mapping populations and to study the genetic diversities of the two populations with EST-SSR markers.The results showed that F1generations of the two hybrid populations could be identified with an identification rate of100%by the combination of four pair primers,respectively,and the 159 individual plants of the two populations were true hybrids.In addition,variations were exited in leaf morphology of the progenies of the two populations and bands of parents absented were occurred on genotype.The clustering analysis showed that 113 F1plants from the hybridized combination of‘Xuehuaizi’בGuiwei’were clustered into six categories（similarity coefficient was 0.68）,and 63.72%（72 plants）of which clustered into one group with male parent.The genetic distances between 32 plants（28.3%）and their parents were far which indicated that larger variation or recombinant appeared in these plants.Forty six hybrid progenies of the combination of‘Xuehuaizi’בJiaohesanyuehong’were divided into two categories when the similarity coefficient was 0.642 and most individual plants（60.87%）showed closer genetic relationship with female parent and partial maternal genetic tendency.It is concluded that EST-SSR markers are suitable to identify true hybrids of litchi.The construction of the two F1mapping populations has established basis for further genetic linkage mapping,meanwhile,has accumulated materials for cultivar improvement of litchi.

Hybrid Rice Research and Development in China and Its New Progress

Hybrid rice's history and its development up to date are described in the paper. Compared with the conventional rice, hybrid rice can increase grain yield by about 20%. Hybrid rice breeding in China has been advancing along the three-line method, to two-line method, to super high-yielding rice application strategically and its success in higher degree will be seen by the utilization of distant heterosis cooperated with biotechnology.

设施栽培番茄新品种闽农科1号的选育

闽农科1号是以自交系SH5-3-1-1-1-1-1为母本、SH2-1-1-1-1-1-1为父本选育而成的杂交1代高抗设施型番茄新品种。该品种为无限生长类型,植株长势强,单式花序为主,始花节位7~11节,坐果能力强。单果质量170~210 g,果实近圆形,完熟果大红色,无绿肩,有鲜艳色泽,畸裂果率低,硬度高。果实可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)4.4%、番茄红素含量3.70 mg·100 g^(-1)、维生素C含量10.60 mg·100 g^(-1)、总糖含量2.6 g·100 g^(-1)、总酸含量6.11 g·100 g^(-1)、蛋白质含量2.53 g·100 g^(-1)。667 m2产量5000 kg以上,高抗番茄黄化曲叶病毒病(TYLCV)、枯萎病和根结线虫病等病害,适宜于福建省秋冬季设施栽培。2020年9月通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。

远缘杂交仁用杏新品种京仁5号的选育

京仁5号通过仁用杏品种龙王帽与扁桃品种意大利2号远缘杂交育成。果实卵圆形,果顶圆凸,在北京地区7月中下旬成熟;成熟时果皮底色黄色,阳面着片状红色,平均单果质量30.5 g;果核卵圆形,壳面较平滑,平均单核质量2.54 g,纵横侧径分别为3.28 cm、2.12 cm、1.23 cm;核仁饱满,离核,甜仁,平均单仁鲜质量1.05 g、干质量0.90 g,出仁率37.02%;杏仁脂肪含量(w,后同)435.63 g·kg^(-1),蛋白质含量269.84 g·kg^(-1),钙含量1.26 g·kg^(-1),铁含量24.08 mg·kg^(-1)。丰产稳产,适应性强,综合性状优良。

线椒新品种优美墨丽的选育

优美墨丽是以自交系15DP091做母本、自交系15DP089为父本杂交选育而成的深绿皮线椒杂交1代新品种。该品种植株生长健壮,株型紧凑,茎秆粗壮,叶片深绿厚实,果实线形,青熟果深绿色,熟果红色鲜亮且不变软。顺直,肉质肥厚,辣味浓厚,坐果集中,坐果能力强。在河南早春保护地、秋延保护地种植,全生育期168 d,属中早熟线椒品种。始花节位9~10节。株高65 cm左右,株幅65~70 cm。果实长26~30 cm,果实宽1.5~2.0 cm,果肉厚度0.20 cm,心室数平均2.5个。辣椒素含量(w,后同)32.8 mg·kg^(-1),维生素C含量958 mg·kg^(-1),平均单果质量20 g,平均667 m^(2)产量2686.7 kg。抗疫病、炭疽病、中抗病毒病,耐低温耐弱光。适合河南各地早春、秋延保护地及福建、江苏、四川、云南、山东、海南早春、秋延保护地和露地种植。2018年12月通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。

南瓜新品种馨兰1号的选育

馨兰1号是以H2016-6-1为母本、H2016-13-4为父本杂交选育而成的南瓜新品种。该品种早熟、果实发育期为29 d,全生育期为90 d。植株长势健壮,叶片浓绿肥厚。第1雌花节位在第8节左右。果实扁圆形,果皮深绿色,果线细长浅绿色,果肉鲜黄色,果肉厚度2.2 cm。连续坐果能力强,单株结瓜2~3个,果实膨大速度快。果肉甘面如板栗,干物质含量(w,后同)21.8%。平均单果质量2.1 kg,667 m^(2)产量2300 kg,抗病毒病能力强,耐贮运性好。该品种适宜在黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、内蒙古、新疆、山东、河北、海南、湖南和山西等地早春露地栽培。

茄子新品种绿优优400的选育

绿优优400是以自交系L11-2014为母本、自交系L8-2014为父本杂交选育而成的早熟绿茄杂交1代新品种。该品种早熟不早衰,连续坐果能力强,抗逆性强;7片叶左右着生门茄。果皮亮绿不发白,果面光滑饱满,果实长卵圆形,横径11.3 cm、纵径21.4 cm,果肉浅绿色,肉质软糯,单果质量500 g左右。早春保护地种植,667 m^(2)产量可达10000 kg。田间抗青枯病、根腐病、黄萎病等土传病害,适宜江苏、河南等绿茄主产区保护地早春茬和露地种植。2023年9月获得国家植物新品种权证书。

苦瓜新品种赣苦瓜1937的选育

赣苦瓜1937是以早熟自交系BK0702-5为母本、晚熟自交系LK1402-6为父本杂交选育而成的中晚熟苦瓜新品种。该品种植株长势强,第1雌花节位16~24节,果实棒形、绿色,粒、条瘤相间,有光泽。瓜纵径30.0 cm左右、横径7.2 cm左右,果肉厚度1.2 cm,单瓜质量480 g左右,一般栽培667 m^(2)产量3000 kg左右。肉质爽脆、清香微苦,抗枯萎病,适合江西省及生态条件相似的地区栽培。2022年6月通过江西省农学会品种认定。

早熟厚皮甜瓜新品种欣美115的选育

欣美115是以自交系HRS10-124为母本、XJ11-141为父本杂交选育而成的早熟厚皮甜瓜新品种。该品种植株生长稳健,春季保护地栽培全生育期94~98 d,果实发育期31~35 d。果实圆形,果面光滑细腻,果皮白色,果肉橙红色,果肉厚度4.3 cm,种腔小,中心可溶性固形物含量(w,后同)17.5%,酥脆香甜。易坐果,抗逆性强。单果质量1.2~1.8 kg,单株留1果时,667 m^(2)产量3000 kg左右,单株留2果时,667 m^(2)产量可达4500 kg。适宜在河北、河南、山东、陕西等地春季保护地栽培。2022年6月通过农业农村部非主要农作物品种登记。